Name.

Zainulabidin
Roll No. DPT02201029
Assignment. English
Submitted to. Ms. Maryam Sarwar
Present simple Tense.
Simple present tense is used to describe habits unchanging, situations, general
truths and fixed arrangements.

Usage.
1. Universal truths. 2. Routine/ Regular/ daily actions. 3. Fixed time tables
and schedules. 4. Proverbs and sayings. 5. Commentaries. 6. News
headlines. 7. Habitual actions.

Clues.
1. Daily , once/twice , frequently, often, seldom, usually, always, Every day.

Examples.
Affirmative forms.
1. I speak English. ‫میں انگریزی بولتا ہوں‬
2. She speaks English. ‫وہ انگریزی بولتی ہے۔‬

Negative from.
1. You don’t speak Spanish. 2. He does not speak French.

Facts and Truths.

1. The sun is bright. ‫سورج روشن ہے۔۔‬

Habits and Routines.

1. I exercise every morning. ‫میں ہر صبح ورزش کرتا ہوں۔‬
2. My father cooks dinner at 6 P.M. ‫میرے والد شام چھ بجے کھانا کھاتے ہیں۔‬

Fixed arrangement.
1. The class starts soon. ‫کالس جلد شروع ہوتی ہے۔‬

Interrogative.
1. Does he play chess? ‫کیا وہ شطرنج کھیلتا ہے۔۔‬
Present continuous Tense.
It refers to an action that is in progress at the time of speaking or at the present
time. It is used for Actions happening right now, longer actions in progress or in
future plans.

Clue words.
Now, look, listen, Now a days.

Examples..
Affirmative form.
1. I am teaching English now. ‫میں اب انگریزی سیکھا رہا ہوں۔۔‬
2. He’s studying Anatomy. ‫وہ اناٹمی پر رہا ہے۔‬

Negative form.
1. I am not teaching Spanish now.
2. He’s not studying science.

Actions happening now.

1. I am teaching grammar. ‫میں گرائمر پرھا رہا ہوں۔‬

Longer Actions in progress.

1. My friends are studying at university. ‫میرے دوست یونیورسٹی میں پڑھ رھے ہیں ۔‬

Future plans.
1. I am taking a vacation in August. ‫میں اگست میں چھٹی لے رہا ہوں۔۔‬

Interrogative.
1. Is she playing chess?
Present perfect Tense.
Present perfect tense is used for actions that happened at some point in past.
Actions that started in the past and continuous in the present.

Frame. Sub + have/has + past participle V 3rd form...........

Examples..
Affirmative form.
1. I have eaten breakfast. ‫میں نے ناشتہ کھایا ہے۔‬
2. Ali has been to France. ‫علی فرانس رہا ہے۔۔‬

Negative form.
1. I haven’t eaten lunch. ‫میں نے لنچ نہیں کھایا۔۔‬
2. She hasn’t been to Germany. ‫وہ جرمنی نہیں گی۔۔‬

Actions continuing from the past.

1. I have known her for five days. ‫میں اسے پانچ دن سے جانتا ہوں۔۔۔‬
2. They have been married since May. ‫ان کی شادی می ء سے ہوی ہے۔‬

Interrogative.
Has he come to London?
Present perfect continuous Tense.
Present perfect continuous Tense that are recently stopped.
If past actions that are still continuing.

Clue.
1. Since ___point of time. 2. For____period of time

Examples..
Affirmative form.
1. I have been preparing this lesson for 2 days.
‫میں دو رن سے اس سبق کی تیاری کر رہا ہوں۔‬
2. Jack has been eating lunch for over an hour.
‫جیک ایک گھنٹے سے دوپہر کا کھانا کھا رہا ہے۔‬

Negative form.
1. I haven’t been sleeping well. ‫میں اچھی طرح سے سو نہی رہا ہوں۔‬

Past Actions that recently stopped.

1. I am tired because I have been running.
‫میں تھک گیا ہوں کونکہ میں دوڑ رہا ہوں۔‬

Past Actions that are still continuing.

1. My parents have been hiking since this morning.
‫میرے والدین آج صبح سے ہی پیدل سفر کر رہے ہیں۔۔‬

Interrogative.
1. Have we been writing a letter?
Past simple Tense.
Past simple Tense is used for habitual regular Actions in the past , and past
situations or events that took place in the past.

Clue words.
Yesterday , Last night/week/year/summer, Any past year time.

Frame.
Sub + verb 2nd form +...............

Examples...
Affirmative form.
1. I ate dinner. ‫میں نے رات کا کھانا کھایا۔۔۔‬
2. They finished work. ‫انہوں نے کام ختم کیا۔۔‬

Negative form.
1. I didn’t eat lunch.
2. We didn’t finish the project.

Past Actions.
1. They played games last night. ‫انہوں نے کل رات کھیل کھیلے۔۔‬
2. Ayesha lived in London for five years. ‫عاشہ پانچ سال لندن میں مقیم تھیں ۔‬

Interrogative.
1. Did he play chess?
Past continuous Tense.
Past continuous Tense is used for actions that lasted for sometime in the past and
actions that are interrupted by another action.

Clue words.
While, when.

Frame.
Sub + was/were + present participle V 4th form+ ...........

Examples...
Affirmative form.
1. I was teaching. ‫میں پڑھا رہا تھا۔۔۔‬
2. We were eating. ‫ہم کھا رہے تھے۔‬

Negative form.
1. I wasn’t sleeping.
2. They were not fighting.

Duration in the past.

1. Yesterday I was working in the garden. ‫کل میں باغ میں کام کر رہا تھا۔۔۔‬

Interrupted Action.
1. Ali was driving home when he crashed into a tree.
 ‫علی جب درخت سے ٹکرایا تو وہ گھر جا رہا تھا۔۔۔۔‬

Past perfect Tense.

If the two actions occurred in the past one after the other, the first action should
be written in the past perfect and later will be in the past simple.

Clue words.
When, before, after.

Frame.
Sub + had + past participle V 3rd form +.........

Examples..
Affirmative form.
1. I had watched the video before I went to bed.
‫میں نے سونے سے پہلے وڈیو دیکھی تھی۔‬

Negative form.
1. He had not seen her before he met her.
‫اس سے ملنے سے پہلے اس نے انھیں نہیں دیکھا تھا۔۔۔‬

Actions that finished before another action.

1. I had seen that movie before he did.
‫اس فلم سے پہلے میں نے وہ فلم دیکھی تھی۔۔۔‬

Action for certain duration in the past.

1. Ali understood the test because he had studied for a week.
‫علی ٹیسٹ کو سمجھ گیا کیونک اس نے ایک ہفتہ پڑھا تھا۔۔‬
Past perfect continuous Tense.
Actions that were progress in the past before some other actions.
Two actions in the past one showing the duration of an action and snother
showing when it came to an end.

Frame.
Sub + had + been + present participle V 4th form +...........

Examples..
Affirmative form.
1. I had been running for 1 hour before I got tired.
‫میں تھک جانے سے پہلے ایک گھنٹہ دوڑتا رہا۔۔۔۔‬

Negative form.
1. Ali hadn’t been waiting for longer than 10 minutes when Aslam arrived.
‫ منٹ سے ذیادہ انتظسر نہیں کر رہا تھا۔۔۔‬10 ‫اسلم کے آنے پر علی‬

Action that were in progress before other action.

1. Ali had been studying Spanish for 2 years before he went to Spain.
‫علی اسپین جانے سے دو سال پہلے ہی سپینش کی تعلیم حاصل کر رہا تھا۔۔۔‬

Cause of an action or situation in the past.

1. The road was wet because it had been raining.
‫سڑک گیلی تھی کیونکہ بارش ہو رہی تھی۔۔۔‬
Future Simple Tense.
Future simple Tense is used to express unplanned tentative actions to express the
futurity.

Frame.
Sub + shall /will + V 1st form................

Clue words.
Next week / Month / year / Tomorrow.

Examples...
Affirmative form.
1. I will eat. ‫میں کھاوں گا‬
2. They will sleep. ‫وہ سو جایں گے۔۔‬
Negative.
1. I won’t go.
2. Marry won’t call me.

Firm plan.
1. I will see you on Tuesday. ‫میں آپ کو منگل کو ملوں گا۔۔‬

Future prediction.
1. My soccer team will win the match. ‫میری فٹبال ٹیم میچ جیت جاے گی۔۔۔‬

Interrogative.
 1. Will she write a poem?

Future continuous Tense.

It is used to express that something will be happening at a point of time.

Frame.
Sub + shall /will + be + V 4th form............

Examples...
Affirmative.
1. I will be visiting Spain next year. ‫میں اگلے سال سپین کا دورہ کروں گا۔۔۔۔‬
2. My dad will be fixing his car next week. ‫میرے والد اگلے ہفتے اپنی گاڑی ٹھیک۔‬
‫کریں گے‬

Negative form.
1. I won’t be going to work today. ‫میں آج کام کرنے نہیں جاوں گا۔‬
2. They won’t be singing tonight.

Future Actions in progress.

1. In an hour I will be arriving homes.
2. ‫ایک گھنٹہ میں میں گھر کو پہنچ جاوں گا۔۔‬

Interrogative.
Will I be playing football?
Future perfect Tense.
It is used to express that something will have happened or end at particular point
of time.

Frame.
Sub + shall /will + have + past participle V 3rd form +.........

Examples..
Affirmative form.
1. I will have left before she comes home. ‫میں گھر آنے سے پہلے ہی چلی جاوں گی۔۔‬

Negative form.
1. They will not have succeeded by then. ‫تب تک وہ کامیاب نہیں ہو سکیں گے۔۔۔‬

Future actions that will happen before another action.

1. Before they arrive, we will have cleaned up the house.
‫ان کے پہنچنے سے پہلے ہم گھر کو صاف کریں گے۔۔۔‬

Interrogative.
1. Will I have played?
Future perfect continuous Tense.
It is used to express that something begins to happen in future and will be
progress at the point of time.

Frame.
Sub. + Shall /will + have + been + V 4th form +...........

Clue words.
Till , until , since , For 2 (hours, weeks, years) by the end of (year, month, day ,
morning, evening)

Examples.
Affirmative form.
1. I will have been raising my cat for 2 months by July.
‫میں جوالئی تک دو ماہ سے اپنی بلی پال رہا ہوں گا۔۔۔۔‬

Negative form.
1. She will not have been waiting for more than two hours when her plane
finally arrives.
‫جب اس کا جہاز باالخر آ ے گا تو وہ دو گھنٹے سے ذیادہ کا انتظار نہیں کرے گی۔۔‬

Duration at certain moment in future.

1. They will have been talking for over an hour by the time Ali arrives.
 ‫علی کے پہنچنے تک وہ ایک گھنٹہ سے ذیادہ باتیں کرتے رہیں گے۔۔۔۔۔‬

Cause of a future situation.

1. Ali will be tired when he gets home because he will have been exercising
for over two hours.
‫علی گھر پہنچنے تک تھک جاے گا کیونکہ وہ دو گھنٹے سے زیادہ ورزش کرتا رہا ہوگا۔‬

Interrogative.
Will I have been starting?

______________________THANK YOU____________________