2012 Fifth International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering and Technology

Study of Various Types of Faults with Neuro Fuzzy Controlled SSSC and
STATCOM in Stabilization of Grid Connected Wind Generator

Rohi Kachroo IV SEM M.Tech (IPS), GHRCE, Nagpur, Prof H.S.Dalvi Prof. Electrical Dept., GHRCE, Nagpur, India
hsdalvi123@yahoo.com

Abstract—when wind farm is integrated to the power system, handles non linearity and is more robust than conventional PI
it has stability problem. Fixed speed induction generators controller. NFC imitates the human decision-making process
require reactive power to maintain air gap flux. Reactive power and can often be used in complex systems with more success
equipments like Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) than conventional control techniques. In this paper
and Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC) can be used neurofuzzy controlled STATCOM & SSSC is compared for
to enable induction generators recover from severe system
various types of faults
disturbances and stabilize grid connected wind generator. These
II. STATCOM & SSSC MODEL
devices have ability to absorb or inject the reactive power.
Neuro fuzzy controller (NFC) is a non linear controller. Neuro The STATCOM is a shunt and SSSC is a series FACTS
Fuzzy controlled STATCOM & SSSC can be used for controller based on voltage sourced converter VSC
stabilisation of grid connected wind generator. technology. A VSC generates a synchronous voltage of
fundamental frequency and controllable magnitude and phase
Index Terms— wind farm, grid, Induction generator (IG), angle. The output vq_conv of Vq voltage regulator block as
STATCOM, SSSC, reactive power compensation, Neuro fuzzy shown in Fig 1 is fed to PWM modulator which controls the
controller (NFC), various types of faults pulses of VSC of SSSC. The output Iqref of AC voltage
regulator block as shown in Fig 2 is given to current
I. INTRODUCTION regulator and then to PWM modulator which controls the
A wind farm (WF) may consist of several wind turbine pulses of VSC of STATCOM.
generating system operating together. Induction generator
(IG) is widely used as wind generator due to its simple,
rugged and maintenance free construction robustness. IGs are
connected directly to a power grid. For generation of active
power IGs require reactive power to maintain air gap flux.
This reactive power is provided by the grid. When
disturbances like faults occur the reactive power consumption
of IGs increases. If grid is incapable to fulfil the reactive
power requirements of IGs, it leads to tripping of wind
turbines. This effects voltage profile of the bus to which WF
is connected and results in grid instability. So to maintain Fig.1 Schematic Diagram of control system of a SSSC
grid stability reactive power compensation is must whenever
grid disturbances occur. STATCOM & SSSC are popular
flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS) devices which are
very useful to simultaneously deliver reactive power and
support bus voltage of a WF. Both regulate voltage at
terminals by controlling the amount of reactive power
injected into or absorbed from the power system. When
system voltage is low, they generate reactive power
(capacitive). When system voltage is high, they absorb
reactive power (inductive).
Neuro fuzzy control can deal with the uncertainties in the
power system effectively. The conventional PI controller is
used for generation of reference current Iqref incase of Fig.2 Schematic Diagram of control system of a STATCOM
STATCOM and vq_conv in case of SSSC. The PI controller III. NEURO FUZZY CONTROLLER MODELLING
requires precise linear mathematical models. It is very NFC is a hybrid of neural network (NN) and fuzzy system
difficult to obtain parameter variation in case of nonlinearity, (FS). Neuro fuzzy systems are known for their capabilities of
and load disturbance & its performance is not satisfactory. combining the advantages of FS and NN. In this paper output
The advantage of Neurofuzzy controller (NFC) over of NN and FS are combined to modify the overall output.
conventional controller is that they do not need accurate
mathematical model. NFC works with imprecise inputs,

978-0-7695-4884-5/12 $26.00 © 2012 IEEE 202

DOI 10.1109/ICETET.2012.57
 Leaven berg Marquardt method. Neurofuzzy controller
designed is shown in Fig 5(a) & Fig 5(b).The NFC is
connected in the AC voltage regulator of STATCOM
block and injected voltage regulator of SSSC block
available in mat lab library shown in Fig 6(a) Fig 6(b)

Fig 3(a) STATCOM Fuzzy Logic controller

Fig 5 (a) STATCOM Neuro fuzzy controller (NFC)

Fig 3(b) SSSC Fuzzy Logic controller

FLC has two inputs the error voltage (ev) and change in
error voltage (cev) as shown in Fig 3. Iqref is the controller
output in case of STATCOM & vq_conv is the output in case
of SSSC. For convenience, the output and inputs of the FLC
are scaled with coefficients kIqref, kvq_conv, kcev, kev. In
this paper these scaling factors are selected by trial and error.
The values chosen are 5, 55000 and 2.5 for kIqref, kcev, kev
respectively in case of STATCOM and 200, 500, 0.12 for Fig 5 (b) SSSC Neuro fuzzy controller (NFC)
kvq_conv, kcev, kev respectively in case of SSSC. The
triangular membership functions with overlap are used for
the input fuzzy sets as shown in Fig 4. The linguistic
variables are represented by N (Negative), Z (Zero), and P
(Positive).

Fig 6(a) NFC connected in AC voltage regulator of STATCOM

Fig 4 Membership Function

The fuzzy mapping of the input variables to the output is

represented by IF-THEN rules of the following forms
IF ( ev = N ) and ( cev = N )THEN (output = P)
IF ( ev = N ) and ( cev = Z ) THEN (output = P)
IF ( ev = N ) and ( cev = P ) THEN (output = Z)
IF ( ev = Z ) and ( cev = N ) THEN (output = P)
IF ( ev = Z ) and ( cev = Z ) THEN (output = Z)
IF ( ev = Z ) and ( cev = P ) THEN (output = N)
IF ( ev = P ) and ( cev = N ) THEN (output = Z) Fig 6(b) NFC connected in injected voltage regulator of SSSC
IF ( ev = P ) and ( cev = Z ) THEN (output = N)
IV. TEST SYSTEM MODEL
IF ( ev = P ) and ( cev = P ) THEN (output = N)
Studied wind farm in this paper has 6, 1.5 MW turbines.
Incase of STATCOM output is Iqref & SSSC output is
Thus the wind farm is having capacity of 9 MW. Mentioned
vq_conv. Neural network designed is a feed forward two
units are connected to grid by a 400/25 kV transformer and a
layer network with 20 neurons. The network is trained by

203
25 kV, 2 lined distribution line with 25 km length and
132/25 kV transformer. Used generators in this model are
squirrel cage induction generators and stator windings are
directly connected to the grid and at the junction point in
order to compensate part of required reactive power,
capacitor bank is used. Simulated system model is shown in
Fig 7 (a) for STATCOM & Fig 7 (b) for SSSC. This grid is
used to study and analyze machine and wind farm stability
.
VI. CONCLUSION
It is clearly presented that STATCOM equipped with the
neuro fuzzy controller gives better performance & faster
response than SSSC equipped with the neuro fuzzy
controller. In this paper the system considered with various
cases, the response of neuro fuzzy STATCOM is better than
neuro fuzzy SSSC. System is relatively stable with neuro
fuzzy STATCOM than neuro fuzzy SSSC. So it can be
concluded that in the cases and system considered ,it is better
to connect STATCOM with NFC as it can enhance stability
and improve performance of grid connected wind generator
better than SSSC.

Fig.7 (a) Test system model with STATCOM

Fig. 8 Voltage at bus at B2

Fig.7 (b) Test system model with SSSC

V. SIMULATION ANALYSIS
Several tests have been conducted in order to compare the
performance of the neurofuzzy controlled STATCOM &
neuro fuzzy controlled SSSC.
A. Case Study 1
LLLG fault occurs 25 Km on transmission line close to
circuit breaker (C.B) at 15s and is cleared after 200ms. i.e at
15.2 sec The settling time of the system has reduced making Fig. 9 Active Power at bus at B2
system relatively stable. Fig 8,Fig 9 & Fig 10 represents
neuro fuzzy STATCOM has less settling time as compared to
neuro fuzzy SSSC.
B. Case Study 2
LLG fault occurs at on 25 Km transmission line close to CB
at 15 sec and is cleared after 400msec ie at 15.4 sec.
C. Case Study 3
LL fault occurs at 15sec on 25 Km transmission line close to
CB and is cleared after 350msec ie fault is cleared at
15.35sec.
D. Case Study 4 Fig. 10 Rotor speed of Wind Turbines
LG fault occurs at 15 sec on 25 Km transmission line close
to CB and is cleared after 850 msec. ie fault is cleared at
15.85 sec.
E. Case Study 5
LLL fault occurs at 15 sec on 25 Km transmission line close
to CB and is cleared after 200msec. ie fault cleared at
15.2sec.
F. Case Study 6
LLL fault occurs at 15 sec on 25 Km transmission line close
to CB and is cleared after 205msec. ie fault cleared at
15.205sec
Fig. 11 Voltage at bus at B2

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 Fig. 16 Rotor speed of Wind Turbines

Fig. 12 Active Power at bus at B2

Fig. 17 Active Power at bus at B2

Fig. 13 Rotor speed of Wind Turbines

Fig. 18 Voltage at bus at B2

Fig. 14 Active Power at bus at B2

Fig. 19 Rotor speed of Wind Turbines

Fig. 20 Active Power at bus at B2

Fig. 15 Voltage at bus at B2

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 Fig. 21 Voltage at bus at B2
Fig. 22 Rotor speed of Wind Turbines
Fig. 23 Active Power at bus at B2
Fig. 24 Voltage at bus at B2
Fig. 25 Rotor speed of Wind Turbines
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