Workbook Answers: Aqa Gcse Physics

WORKBOOK
ANSWERS
AQA GCSE
Physics
• Paper 1
• Paper 2
This ‘document provides suggestions for some of the possible answers that might be
given for the questions asked in the workbook. They are not exhaustive and other
answers may be acceptable – they are intended as a guide to give teachers and
students feedback.
AQA GCSE Physics Workbook 1

© Darren Forbes 2018 Hodder Education
Paper 1
Energy
Energy changes in a system, and the ways energy is stored before and after
such changes
Energy stores and systems
1
What would increase the
Process Example
energy change?
Heating Using a Bunsen flame to heat a Heating for longer; higher
beaker of water [1] temperature flame [1]
Work being Lifting an object upwards with your Increasing the height lifted
done by a force arms [1] through, increasing the weight
of the object [1
Work being When an electric current powers an Increasing the height the object is
done by an electric motor that lifts an object lifted through or the weight of the
electric current object lifted
2
Description of energy store Equation
The energy stored by an object off the ground in a 1
gravitational field Ek = mv 2
2
The energy stored by a moving object Ep = mgh
The energy store that changes when the temperature 1 2

Ee = ke
of an object changes 2
The energy stored when a material is stretched or
DE = mc Dq
compressed
[1] for each connection
Changes in energy
3
Original
Rearrangements
equation
Ep Ep
Ep = mgh h = Epmg h= m=
mg hg
DE m DE
ΔE = mcΔθ Dq = Dq = c=
mc DEc mDq
1 2Ek 2Ek 2Ek
Ek = mv 2 v2 = v= v=
2 m m m
[1] for each correctly crossed out answer – deduct marks for correct
equations crossed out
AQA GCSE Workbook 2

4
Quantity Unit Symbol
mass J e
speed N/kg k
energy °C m
temperature change kg g
spring constant m v
gravitational field strength m/s E
extension N/m Δθ
Energy changes in systems

5 J; [1] kg; [1] J/kg°C; [1]°C [1]
6
A small metal block with a temperature of
200°C is placed in a large bowl of water An ice cube is placed into a warm beaker
with a temperature of 10°C
• The temperature of the metal block • The temperate of the ice cube
decreases increases (causing it to melt)
• The temperature of the water • The temperature of the glass
increases decreases
• The amount of thermal energy in the • The thermal energy of the ice/water
metal block decreases increases
• The amount of thermal energy in the • The thermal energy of the glass
water decreases decreases
• The increase matches the decrease • They change by the same amount
[1] for each point to a maximum of 6
Power
7 joule (J); [1] second (s); [1] watt (W) [1]
8
Rank: 3 Rank: 1 Rank: 2 Rank: 4
Work done: 4000 J Work done: 3000 J Work done: 13 000 J Work done: 15 kJ
Time taken: 20 s Time taken: 10 s Time taken: 1 minute Time taken: 2 minutes
[1] for each
9
Work done Time taken (s) Power (W)
(J)
12 20 0.6
10 10 1.0
800 40 20
600 20 30
[1] for each

AQA GCSE Workbook 3
Conservation and dissipation of energy
10 insulation; [1] lubricant; [1] friction(al) [1]
11 Table:
Total energy Useful energy
Efficiency Efficiency %
input output
500 J 325 J 0.65 65%
4.0 kJ 1.6 kJ 0.40 40%
[1] for each
National and global energy resources

12
Renewable Major use:
Reliability:
Type of (R) / non- transport (T)
very reliable R) Example of negative impact or cost
fuel renewable electricity gen. (E)
less reliable (U)
(N) heating houses (H)
Carbon dioxide released into
Fossil fuels N TEH R atmosphere leading to climate
change
Nuclear Highly radioactive waste produced.
N E R
fuel Expensive to decommission
Land could be used for food

Biofuel R TE U
production instead
Wind
R E U Visually unpleasant, sometimes noisy
power
Hydro-
R E R Floods large amounts of land
electricity
Only works in certain areas where
Geothermal R EH R rocks are hot near the Earth’s
surface
Tidal R E U Can damage wildlife in estuaries
Expensive to build. Works best in

Solar power R EH U
sunny countries
Water Can block shipping lanes, very

R E U
waves expensive
[1] for each
Exam-style questions
13 gravitational potential; [1] kinetic; [1] elastic potential; [1] (allow thermal)
14 a Ep = mgh = 0.8 × 9.8 × 20 = 157 [1] J [1] (allow 156.8)
1
b Ek = mv 2 = 0.5 ´ 0.80 ´ 252 [1] = 250 J [1]
2
c 407 J [1] allow e.c.f. from parts a and/or b
AQA GCSE Workbook 4

d The force of the impact [1] causes an increase in temperature [1] which
increases the thermal store of the javelin / surroundings [1]
15 a 0.8 [1] J [1]
b 0.8 J [1]
2E
c Rearrangement such as k = [1] to give k = 40 [1] N/m [1]; allow any
e2
valid method to reach the answer
16 a Kinetic store decreases [1]; thermal store increases [1]
b Selection of equation from data sheet ΔE = mcΔθ [1] giving E = 1000 [1]
J [1] or 1 [1] kJ [1]
17 a Ep = mgh = 50 × 9.8 × 50 = 24 500 [1] J [1]
DE
b Dq = [1] = 0.4(3)°C [1]; allow valid alternative techniques
mc
18 a Ep = mgh [1] = 400 × 9.8 × 30 = 118 kJ [1]; allow 117 600 J or 117.6 kJ
E 118
b P= [1] = =1.97 [1] kW [1] ; allow e.c.f. or 1970 W
t 60
1970
c Recall and use the equation efficiency = [1] = 0.78(9) [1]
2500
E 17.6
19 a Ep = mgh [1] = 600 × 9.8 × 3.0 = 17.6 kJ [1]; t = = = 4.40 s [1]
P 4.0
b The lift is heavier so more work needs to be done [1] but the power
rating is the same so a longer time is needed [1]
AQA GCSE Workbook 5

Electricity
Current, potential difference and resistance
Standard circuit diagram symbols
1
Symbol Component Purpose
A component which resists the
current in a circuit depending
Ammeter
on the temperature
A component which allows
current to pass through it in
Cell
one direction and also gives
out light
A component which resistance
Light-emitting
a current in the circuit
diode
depending on the light level
A component with powers a
Thermistor circuit by providing a voltage
A component which allows

Light-dependent
current to pass through it in
resistor
only one direction
A component to measure the
Voltmeter potential difference across
another component
A device to measure the
Diode current in part of a circuit
[1] for each correctly drawn component
Electrical charge and current

3 current; [1] charge [1]
time [1]
coulomb; [1] amperes [1]
4
Charge Current Time
52.5 C 3.5 A 15 s
1.2 C 20 mA 1 min
32 C 0.27 A 120 s
300 μC 0.75 mA 0.40 s
[1] for each

AQA GCSE Workbook 6
Current, resistance and potential difference
5 Circuit A: V = 24 V; I = 4.0 A; R = 6.0 Ω
Circuit B: V = 3.2 V; I = 0.2 A; R = 16 Ω
Circuit C: V = 1.5 V; I = 4.2 mA; R = 357 Ω
[1] for each row
Required practical activity 3

6 [1] for calculating resistances
Graph: [1] for x-axis; [1] for y-axis; [1] for correct plotting; [1] for line of best
fit
Length (cm) Current (A) Potential difference (V) Resistance (Ω)

10.0 3.01 6.00 1.99
15.0 2.02 6.00 2.97
20.0 1.49 6.00 4.03
30.0 1.20 6.01 5.01
35.0 1.00 6.00 6.00
40.0 0.86 6.02 7.00
7 The resistance of the wire is directly proportional to the length; [1] each 10
cm has a resistance of 2.0 ohms [1]
Resistors
8 Wire: A, B, F; Lamp: A, B, C; Diode: D, E
[1] for each correctly placed letter
correct thermistor symbol; [1] ammeter in series; [1] voltmeter in parallel [1]
10, 11
Stage
1 Pour some boiling water from a kettle into a beaker
7 Repeat from stage 5
5 Record the temperature, the current in the resistor and the potential difference across
it
3 Place the thermistor in the beaker of water
4 Wait for 1 minute until the thermistor reaches the same temperature as the water
2 Connect the thermistor into the circuit
6 Allow the water to cool for three minutes
8 Calculate the resistance for each temperature
9 Plot a graph of resistance against temperature
[1] for each stage number; [1] for each stage description
AQA GCSE Workbook 7
12 The mains power supply can be dangerous with water [1]
Required practical activity 4 (resistance of filament lamp)

13
[1] for each circle
14
[1] for correct lamp symbol; [1] for ammeter; [1] for voltmeter;
[1] for variable resistor]
Series and parallel circuits

15
[1] for each diagram
16
Statement S/P Statement S/P
The potential difference across The total resistance is less than the
P P
the components is the same resistance of the smallest resistor
The total potential difference of the
The total current in the circuit is
power supply is the same as the sum
the sum of the current through P S
of the potential differences of the two
the two components
components
The same current passes The total resistance is the sum of all
S S
through each component the resistors
[1] for each letter
17 60 Ω; [1] 60 Ω; [1] 10 Ω [1]
AQA GCSE Workbook 8

Domestic uses and safety
Direct and alternating potential difference

18 alternating; [1] frequency; [1] 50; [1] potential difference; [1] 230 [1]
19 direct; [1] alternating [1]
Mains electricity
20
[1] for each
21 a Live: [1] carries the alternating pd from the supply to the device [1]
b Neutral: [1] completes the circuit [1]
c Earth: [1] acts as a safety wire to prevent the device becoming live [1]
22 Live: 230 V; [1] Neutral: 0 V; [1] Earth: 0 V [1]
Energy transfers
Power
23
Power Potential Current Resistance
12 W difference
6.0 V 2.0 A 3.0 Ω
30 W 9.0 V 3.3 A 2.7 Ω
9.0 mW 1.5 V 6.0 mA 250 Ω
5.2 kW 230 V 22.6 A 10.2 Ω
[1] for each
Energy transfers in everyday appliances

24
Device Mobile Tablet Laptop Torch
Current (A) phone
1.4 2.3 4.0 0.5
Potential difference (V) 8.0 12.0 12.0 3.0
Power (W) 11.2 27.6 48.0 1.5
[1] for each
AQA GCSE Workbook 9

25 The rate of energy transfer is slower for the torch so the chemical store of
the battery will last longer [1]
26
Device pd Current Time used Energy
Battery power torch 9.0 V 1.2 A 30 seconds transferred
324 J
Microwave oven 230 V 3.2 A 8 minutes 353 kJ
Television 230 V 2.25 A 2 hours 3.73 MJ
Games console USA 110 V 3.5 A 3 hours 4.16 MJ
[1] for each
27 A battery would not be able to store enough energy to keep the oven
working for a long enough period of time [1]
28 The power of the kettle from the USA is much lower than the UK kettle; so
it would need a longer time to transfer the same amount of energy to the
water [1]
The National Grid

29
[1] for each label
30 increase; [1] high; [1] low/small; [1] currents; [1] reduce [1]
Static electricity
Static charge
31
[1] for each description
AQA GCSE Workbook 10

32 The rods would repel each other [1]
Electric fields
33
[1] for evenly spaced arrows; [1] for arrows pointing outwards
34 a
[1] for ammeter; [1] for voltmeter
V
b R= [1] to give 88.5 Ω and 0.40 Ω [1]
I
c There would be no (very low) current [1] because the resistance is very
high [1]
V 3.0
35 a R = [1] = = 2.0 W [1]
I 1.5
b Q = It [1] = 1.5 × 5 × 60 = 450 [1] C [1]
c The resistance of the lamp has increased [1] because it is at a higher

temperature [1] because the larger current has a bigger heating effect [1]
36 a Series [1]
b 20 + 8 + 8 = 36 Ω [1]
V 12
c I= = = 0.33 A [1]
R 36
d P = IV = 0.33 × 12 = 3.96 W; [1]

E = Pt = 3.96 × 60 × 60 = 14.25 kJ [1]
e Q = It = 0.33 × 60 × 60 = 1.2 [1] kC [1] (or 1188 [1] C)

37 a 230 V [1]
V 230
b I= = = 3.48 A [1]
R 66
P = IV = 3.48 × 230 = 800 W [1]
c E = Pt = 800 × 2 × 60 [1] = 9.6 kJ [1]
38 a The frictional force between the foot/shoe and carpet causes the person
to become charged; [1] when the hand is near the handle the electric
field caused by the charge is large [1] and this allows a current [1] to
cross the small air gap
b [1] for evenly spaced arrows; [1] for arrows pointing

inwards

Particle model of matter
Density of materials
1
[1] for each diagram
2 a The particles are much closer together in the solid than in the liquid; [1]
there will be more particles in the same volume [1]
b The forces between the particles in a solid are much stronger than those
in a liquid or a gas; [1] so the particles in a solid cannot move from their
fixed positions [1]
3 Volume = 2.704 × 10−5 (m3); [1] density = 8060 kg/m3 [1]
4 A micrometer has a much higher resolution than a ruler so it can measure

more precise values [1]
[1] for each process
Internal energy and energy transfers

6
Quantity Definition
Specific latent heat of The energy change when 1 kg of a material
fusion changes from a liquid to a gas due to heating
The energy change when 1 kg of a material

Specific heat capacity
changes from a solid to a liquid
Specific latent heat of The energy change when 1 kg of a material

vaporisation increases its temperature by 1°C

7 particles; [1] internal; [1] kinetic; [1] potential; [1] temperature; [1] state [1]
8 specific heat capacity; [1] specific latent heat [1]
9
Change in thermal Specific heat Temperature change
Mass (kg)
energy capacity (J/kg °C) (°C)
23.4 kJ 1.3 1200 15
400 J 0.83 120 4.0
30 kJ 0.50 4200 14
2.50 kJ 1.40 893 2.0
[1] for each
10 66.8 kJ; [1] 126 J; [1] 11.3 kJ/kg; [1]
11
[1] for each correct label
Particle model and pressure

12 quickly [1], random [1], collide [1], kinetic [1], speed [1], increases [1], more
[1]
13
[1] for diagram

The particles collide with the container walls less often because they have
to travel longer distances between collisions [1]
14 constant = p × V = 40 × 103 × 0.25 = 10 kPa m3 [1]
constant 10
15 p = = = 67 kPa [1]
V 0.15
16 Doing mechanical work by compressing the gas quickly [1]; heating the gas
[1]
17 a Mass of ice melted = 0.45 − 0.33 = 0.12 kg [1]
E 3600
E = mL so L = = = 30 [1] kJ/kg [1] (30 000 g)
m 0.12
b Some of the ice melted due to heating from the room [1]
119
c Volume = 3
= 119 × 10−4 m3 [1]
100
m = ρ × V = 1000 kg/m3 × 119 × 10−4 m3 [1] = 0.119 kg [1]
18 a pV = constant; [1] 40000 × 0.2 = 8000; [1]

constant 8000
New pressure p = = = 53 kPa [1]
V 0.15
b The pressure will be higher; [1] because work has been done on the gas
increasing the temperature and the speed of the particles; [1] which
means more collisions with the container [1]
Atomic structure
The structure of the atom
1 a 1 × 10−10 m [1]
1
b [1]
10000
c neutral [1]
d positively charged; [1] inside [1]
e negatively charged; [1] outside [1]
f not charged; [1] inside [1]
2 a 13 [1]
b 27 [1]
c protons; [1] neutrons [1]

d Subtract the atomic number from the mass number [1]
3 a
16 12 238 13 14 235
Isotope 8 O 6 C 92 U 8 O 6 C 92 U
Number of protons 8 6 92 8 6 92
Number of neutrons 8 6 146 5 8 143
Number of electrons 8 6 92 8 6 92
[1] for each
b The same number of protons (8) [1]
4 a
[1] for each
b The nucleus and alpha particles are both positively charged so they
repel; [1] The repulsion is larger the closer they are to each other [1]
Atoms and nuclear radiation

5 random; [1] unstable; [1] radiation; [1] stable; [1] activity; [1] becquerel [1]
[1] for each line

7
Alpha decays Beta decays
222
88 Ra ® 218
86 Rn + 42 He 14
6 C® 14
7 N + -10 e
185
79 Au ® 181
77 Ir + 42 He 8
3 Li ® 48 Be + 0
-1 e
208
84 Po ® 204
82 Pb + 42 He 201
79 Au ® 201
80Hg + 0
-1 e
[1] for each number (12) and each symbol (2)
8 a 3 hours [1]
b i A quarter [1]
ii One sixteenth [1]
Hazards and uses of radioactive emissions and of background radiation
9 a N: rocks; [1] cosmic rays; [1] food [1]
MM: medical treatment; [1] nuclear weapon fallout; [1] nuclear power
fallout [1]
[1] for each slice
10 a
Isotope Plutonium-241 Uranium-238 Carbon-12 Oxygen-13 Lithium-12
8 −3
Half-life 14 years 4.5 × 10 years 5730 years 8.6 × 10 s 12 × 10−9 s
Rank 3 1 2 4 5
[1] for each
b Cobalt-60 [1]
11 non-toxic [1]; a half-life of several hours [1]; emits only gamma rays [1]
Nuclear fission and fusion

12 splitting; [1] unstable; [1] neutron; [1] smaller; [1] gamma; [1] kinetic [1]

13
Showing further fusions; [1] showing more neutrons ejected; [1] increasing
number of neutrons at each stage [1]
14 a 9, 27, 81, 243, 729, 2187

[1] for some correct; [2] for all correct
b The number of fissions increases very rapidly (exponentially), so after a

few more stages there will be billions of fissions releasing energy [1]
15 joining; [1] small; [1] larger; [1] mass; [1] radiation [1]
16 a Sample A [1]
b 2.5 days [1]
17 a Sample A: beta [1]

Sample B: alpha [1]
b 90
38Sr ® 9039Y + -1e
0
[1] for each value in correct position
c They have the same number of protons (38) [1]

Paper 2
Forces
Forces and their interactions
Scalar and vector quantities
1
Clue Key word Unit V/S
The rate at which the velocity
acceleration m/s2 V
of something is changing
The amount of matter in an
mass kg S
object
The amount of force acting on
weight N V
an object due to gravity
The speed of an object in a
velocity m/s V
particular direction
The cause of change of
force N V
velocity
The rate of change of distance speed m/s S
The product of the mass and
momentum kg m/s V
velocity of an object
How far something has
travelled overall, regardless of distance m S
direction.
The distance in a particular
direction measured from a displacement m V
starting point
[1] for each correct row
Contact and non-contact forces
2 Non-contact forces: gravity; [1] electrostatic; [1] electromagnetic [1]
Gravity
3
Weight (N) Mass (kg) Gravitational field strength (N/kg)
118 12.0 9.8
1960 200 9.8
220 55 4.0
[1] for each
Resultant forces
4 a
[1] for each

b B [1]
5 a
Vertical component; [1] horizontal component [1]
b The horizontal component of the normal reaction force causes a force to

the right and this makes the ball move in that direction [1]
6 a
[1] for drawing a suitable scale diagram; [1] for 5000 N
b 37 degrees east of north [1]
Work done and energy transfer

7
A person drags a box 3.0 m A battery-powered motor lifts a
across the floor using a force of set of masses with a weight 0.55
25 N. The box is not moving at N through a distance of 60 cm
the end of the process
W = Fd W = Fd
How much work is
= 25 N × 3.0 m = 0.55 N × 0.60 m
done?
= 75 J [1] = 0.33 J [1]
The person's chemical store The battery's chemical store
has decreased [1] and thermal decreases [1] and the
stores have increased [1] gravitational store of the
What energy transfers
because the floor and bottom masses increases [1]. The
have taken place?
of the box will have been motor will also heat up so its
heated by the frictional forces thermal store increases [1]
[1]

Forces and elasticity
212 - 0
8 a Gradient = = 30.3 [1] N/m [1]
7
b Ee = ½ k e2 = 0.5 × 30.3 × 0.1802 [1] = 49 mJ (0.049 J) [1]
c The stretching is no longer linear because the spring has been stretched
beyond its limit of proportionality [1]
Moments, levers and gears

9 100 N [1]
10 a
[1]
b Clockwise moment (0.2 × 11) + ( 0.5 × 2) = anticlockwise moment (0.4 ×

8) [1]
Pressure and pressure differences

Pressure in a fluid (1 and 2)
11 a Weight (gravity) [1]
b Upthrust (buoyancy) [1]
c p = h ´ r ´ g = 1.00 ´ 1000 ´ 9.8 = 9800 N m2 [1]

F = r ´ a = 9800 ´ 0.502 = 2450 N [1]
d p = h ´ r ´ g = 1.50 ´ 1000 ´ 9.8 = 14700 N m-2 [1]

F = r ´ a = 14700 ´ 0.502 = 3675 N [1]
e Weight = 3675 − 2450 × = 1225 N [1]
Force and motion

Describing motion along a line
12 walking 1.5; [1] running 3; [1] cycling 6; [1] car; 30 [1] sound 330 m/s [1]
13 a For 30 s it rises quickly; [1] it stops for 20 s; [1] and then rises again but
more slowly [1]

s 60
b v= = = 20 m/s [1] [1]
t 3
s 20 ´ 1012
14 a v = = [1] = 2.6 ´ 106 m/s [1] ( 2600km/s )
t 900 ´ 24 ´ 60 ´ 60
b The speed is constant [1] but the velocity is always changing because it
is always changing direction [1]
15 a The gradient is increasing [1]
v = 3.5/5 [1] = 0.7 m/s [1]
v - u 15.0 - 6.0
16 a = = = 2.25 [1] m/s2
t 4.0
17 a i accelerating [1]
ii constant speed [1]
iii decelerating [1]
v -u 6-0
b a= = = 0.4 [1] m/s2
t 15
c (½ ×15 × 6) + (35 × 6) + (½ × 10 × 6) = 285 m [1]
18
Final Initial
Acceleration Distance
velocity velocity
(m/s2) travelled (m)
(m/s) (m/s)
36 0 8 81
8 2 0.15 200
9.4 0 9.8 4.5
[1] for each

19 a
[1] for each label
b Between 30 and 20 m/s2 [1]
c
Immediately Several seconds
Stage after jumping out after jumping out At terminal velocity
of plane of plane
Free body
diagram
The skydiver The skydiver The skydiver has

accelerated accelerates reached terminal
downwards downwards but velocity because
the acceleration there is no
Explanation
is smaller resultant force
because the
resultant force is
smaller
[1] for each diagram; [1] for each explanation
Forces, accelerations and Newton’s laws of motion

20 force; [1] stationary; [1] speed; [1] direction [1]
proportional; [1] inversely proportional [1]
equal; [1] opposite [1]
21 a proportional to [1]

1
b aµ [1]
m
c Independent variable: mass [1]

Dependent variable: acceleration [1]
Control variable: size of accelerating force [1]
d
Mass (kg) 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5
Acceleration (m/s2) 4.00 2.67 2.00 1.60 1.33 1.14
1 -1
kg 1.00 0.67 0.50 0.40 0.33 0.29
m
[2] for all the answers; [1] for at least three
The graph should be a straight line; [1] that passes through the origin; [1]
1
f aµ [1]
m
g Evidence of gradient; [1] F = 4 N [1]
Forces and braking

22 Between 0.2 and 0.9 s [1]
23
Condition of tyres BD Wet road BD Alcohol consumption TD
Tiredness TD Speed of vehicle T&B Damaged brake disks BD
[1] for each letter
24 a Thinking distance is proportional to speed [1]

b Braking distance is proportional to speed squared [1]
c 20 m [1]
25 More mass means more kinetic energy, so more work to be done in

stopping vehicles; [1] This needs a larger force if the stopping distance is
the to be the same [1]
Momentum
Momentum as a property of moving objects
26 a 12 kg m/s to the right [1]
b 10 kg m/s to the right [1]
c 0 kg m/s [1]
Conservation of momentum
27 a 28 kg m/s [1]
b 28 kg m/s [1]
c 16 kg m/s [1]
d 6.0 m/s [1]
Changes in momentum
28 a 48 kg m/s [1]
b 96 N [1]
c Increasing the time reduces the force required to change the momentum
[1]

29 a 1 mm [1]
Suitable axes drawn [1] and labelled; [1]

All points are plotted correctly; [2] at least three points [1]
c The gradient is a straight line [1] so the spring didn't go beyond its elastic
limit [1]
d Triangle drawn; [1] gives a gradient of 0.03 [1]
extension
e The gradient of the graph is . So to work out the spring
force
force 1
constant, use , which is
extension gradient
1
k= = 0.33 N/mm [1]
gradient
f Ep = ½ke2 = 0.5 × 450 × 0.402 = 36 [1] J [1]
F 9000
30 a F = ma so a = = = 3.0 [1] m/s2 [1]
m 3000
b 600 m [1]
31 a A = C; [1] B = D [1]
b 15 m [1]
c v2 − u2 = 2as
0 − 252 = 2 × a × 50 [1]

a = (−)6.25 m/s2 [1]
d F = ma = 1500 × 6.25 [1] = 9.4 kN [1]
32 a momentum = m × v = 19 × 0.50 = 9.5 kg m/s [1]
b momentum of second stone = 18 × 0.30 = 5.4 [1] kg m/s

momentum of first stone = 9.5 − 5.4 = 4.1 kg m/s [1]
momentum 4.1
v= = = 0.22 m/s [1]
m 19
momentum change 5.4

c F= [1] = = 54 N [1]
t 0.1
Waves
Waves in air, fluids and solids
Transverse and longitudinal waves
1 a, b
[2] for directions of wave travel in each diagram

[2] for direction of vibration in each diagram

Properties of waves
2
Amplitud Compressio
Feature Wavelength Crest Trough Rarefaction
e n
Letter(s) C; E B K I F G
[1] for each letter
3
Wave speed Wavelength Frequency Period
80 m/s 0.20 m 400 Hz 2.5 × 10−3 s
3.00 × 108 s 2.00 × 105 Hz 1.50 kHz 6.7 × 10−4 s
3.00 × 108 s 1.50 × 108 Hz 2.00 × 1016 Hz 3.00 × 10−9 s
[1] for each
Reflection of waves
4
a reflected; [1] absorbed; [1] transmitted [1]

b dashed line [1]
c two equals [1]

Sound waves
5 Downwards order is: 2, 4, 1, 3, 5
[1] for each position
Waves for detection and exploration

6 a The time to go through the beam and back is 35 μs [1]
The time to reach the far side is 17.5 μs [1]
s = v × t = 2000 × 17.5 μs = 35 mm [1]
[1]
7 a
[1] for each of four labels

b They are refracting due to changes in speed [1]
c They are transverse and so cannot pass through a liquid [1]
Electromagnetic waves
Types of electromagnetic waves
8 a same velocity (in a vacuum) [1]
transverse [1]
b
long wavelength short wavelength
radio microwaves infrared visible infrared X-rays gamma
waves rays
low frequency high frequency
[1] for each item
Properties of electromagnetic waves 1

9 a, b
[1] for a change in direction

[1] mark for the change towards the normal
Properties of electromagnetic waves 2

10
Region of spectrum Source
Radio waves Changes in the nucleus of an atom
Gamma rays Emitted by hot objects
Infrared Oscillating charges in electric circuits
11 X-rays/gamma rays; ionise molecules/ cells (can kill them / cause cancer)
Infrared; cause burns
Ultraviolet; cause ionisation/ skin damage leading to burns / cancer
[2] for types of radiation; [2] for each damage

Uses and applications of electromagnetic waves
12
Region of spectrum Typical uses
Radio waves Electrical heating, thermal imaging
Microwaves Fibre optic communications
Infrared Medical imaging and treatment
Visible light Television and radio transmissions
Ultraviolet Satellite communication and cooking food
X-rays and gamma rays Sun tanning, fluorescent lamps
Lenses
13
[1] for each ray path
14 inverted; 1] real; [1] same size as the object [1]
Visible light
15
[1] for each new ray set; [1] for each new label

Black body radiation
Emission and absorption of infrared radiation
16 radiation; [1] black bodies; [1] emitters; [1] wavelength; [1] temperature; [1]
17 a
[1] for each letter
b H [1]
c There are higher emissions at all wavelengths [1]
Perfect black body radiation

18
[1] for each label
19 a Transverse waves [1]
b 0.5 m [1]
c v = f × λ [1] = 300 × 0.5 [1] = 150 m/s [1]

20 a
• ray from top of the object passing straight through the centre of the lens [1]
• ray parallel to the optical axis to the lens refracting through the focal point on
the other side [1]
• dashed ray extended back to meet the first ray [1]
b magnified; [1] upright; [1] virtual [1]
image height 30
c magnification = = = 2.5 [1]
object height 12
Magnetism and electromagnetism

Permanent and induced magnetism, magnetic forces and fields
Poles of a magnet
1 a
[1] for each
[1]

2 a
permanent; [1] induced [1]
b Poles on paper clips [3]
c They will stop being magnetic [1]
[1] for the shape; [1] for direction
4 Sprinkle iron filings around the magnet; [1] or use a plotting compass
The motor effect

Electromagnetism
5 Pass the wire through a core and sprinkle iron filings around it [1] or use a
plotting compass
6 a Use a larger current; [1] more/tighter turns on the coil; [1] use an iron
core [1]
b Strong; [1] uniform [1]

Fleming's left-hand rule
7
[1] for field; [1] for movement
8
Force
tesla (T)
Current newton (N)
Magnetic flux density metre (m)
Length ampere (A)
9 a F = B × I × l = (5.0 × 10−3) × 0.20 × 0.30 [1] = 3.0 × 10−4 N [1]
b F = (6.5 × 10−6) × (4 × 10–3) × 0.25 [1] = 6.5 × 10−9 N [1]

Electric motors
10
[1] for each label
11 The current passes through the coil producing a magnetic field. [1] This
interacts with the magnetic field of the permanent magnet. [1] The induces
forces on both sides of the coil; [1] which act in opposite directions; [1] to
produce a turning effect around the axis [1]
12 To allow the coil to rotate freely while maintaining electrical contact [1]
To keep the current flowing in the same direction through the coil [1]
13 Use a larger current; [1] a stronger magnetic field; [1] and more turns of
wire [1]
Loudspeakers
14
[1] for each label

15 The electric current turns the coil into an electromagnet; [1] which interacts
with the permanent magnet; [1] Because both the size and direction of the
current change; [1] the force on the coil changes and it vibrates in and out
[1]
Induced potential, transformers and the National Grid

Induced potential
16 conductor; [1] potential difference; [1] circuit [1]
17 a Increasing the strength of the magnetic field by using stronger magnets

[1]
Moving the wire more quickly [1]
b Reversing the direction of movement [1]

Reversing the direction of the magnets [1]
Uses of the generator effect

18 a The amplitude will be larger (higher peaks); [1] the period will be shorter
(peaks closer together) [1]
b To allow the coil to rotate freely by connecting to the external circuit [1]
Microphones
19 coil; [1] permanent; [1] potential difference [1]
Transformers
20 2; [1] 4; [1] 3; [1] 1 [1]
21
Number of Step-up (U)
Primary Number of Secondary
turns on Step-down (D)
potential turns on potential
secondary
difference primary coil difference
coil
Vp Np Vs Ns —
230 V 2000 11.5 V 100 D
110 V 30 11 V 300 D
500 V 4000 2.5 kV 800 U
630 V 50 42 V 750 D
[1] for each item
22 a Ns ´ Is = Np ´ Ip [1]
Np ´ Ip 200 ´ 35
Is = = = 5.83 [1] mA
Ns 1200
b The output current would be lower [1]

c There would be no current / a transformer requires alternating current
[1]
Vp Np
23 a = [1]
Vs Ns
Np ´ Vs 500 ´ 250000
Ns = = = 6250 turns [1]
Vp 20000
b Vs ´ Is = Vp ´ Ip [1]
Vp ´ Ip 20000 ´ 150
Is = = = 1.2 [1] A
Vs 250000
c The transformer is 100% efficient [1]
24 a The current causes a magnetic field around the wire; [1] which interacts
with the permanent magnetic field; [1] causing a (downward) force on the
wire and so an upwards force on the magnets [1]
b A to B [1]
c F = B ´ I ´ [1]
F 0.02
B= = [1] = 55 mT [1] ( 0.055 T )
I´ 2.4 ´ 0.15
25 a Upwards (clockwise) [1]
b Downwards (clockwise) [1]
c Reverse the direction of the current/reverse the direction of the magnetic

field/magnets [1]
d Increase:
• the current [1]
• the number of loops in the coil [1]
• the magnetic field strength [1]
26 a It becomes an electromagnet [1]
b It is attracted towards the contacts; [1] it completes the circuit by pushing

the metal plate into the contacts [1]
c Large currents are dangerous [1]

Space physics
Solar system, stability of orbital motions, satellites
Our Solar System

1
Object Purpose Example
A very large object found in the
A star Jupiter
centre of a solar system
A vast collection of billions of
The Milky
A planet stars held together by
Way
gravitational forces
A moon A large object that orbits a star The Sun
A smaller object that orbits a star

A dwarf
but has not removed the other Europa
planet
objects in its orbit
An object that orbits a planet –
A galaxy many planets have several of Pluto
these, but some have none
[1] for connection
2 gas; [1] nebula; [1] gravitational; [1] pressure; [1] fusion; [1] balances; [1],
stable [1]
Orbital motion, natural and artificial satellites

3 a
[1] for each pair of arrows
b Moon X [1]
c X is closer to the planet – it travels at a higher speed to maintain its orbit

[1]

The life cycle of a star
4
[1] for each correct box
5
Name of stage Description
Protostar The star is hot, but no fusion reactions are happening yet
All reactions in the star have stopped. The star no longer gives
Black dwarf
out radiation
Main Fusion reactions produce a pressure that balances the
sequence gravitational attraction
The outer layers of the star have escaped leaving the incredible
White dwarf
hot core
Red giant Fusion reactions in the core release more energy and the
Red supergiant star expands. The outer surface cools
The star collapses and then explodes releasing a large
Supernova
amount of energy and producing heavy elements
The star has collapsed and become so dense that the
Black hole
gravitational field is so strong that not even light can escape
The core of the star collapses so that electrons are forces into
Neutron star protons leaving only a very dense material made of only
neutrons
[1[ for each box
6 a M; [1] N; [1] S [1]
b Gold is produced by fusion reactions in a supernova explosion; [1] which

throws it out into the Milky Way and it eventually ends up on planets
when they form from dust clouds [1]
Red-shift
7 universe; [1] hot; [1] expanded; [1] density; [1] red-shift; [1] faster; [1]
matter; [1]
8 a The higher their velocity the further away the galaxies are [1]
b If a galaxy is travelling faster it would end up further away from us over a

period of time; [1] The evidence suggests that all the galaxies would
have been in the same small region of space at some distant time in the
past; [1] so the universe would be very dense [1]

9 a Fusion reactions; [1] cause heating/release energy; [1] which produces
an outwards pressure; [1] to oppose gravitational attraction; [1] These
forces are balanced [1]
To a maximum of 4
b Six of :
• The Sun will stay in its current phase for several billion years [1]
• The Sun will expand to form a red giant star [1]
• (During the change to a red giant) the core temperature increases [1]
• (During the change to a red giant) the outer layers are pushed away from
the core [1]
• (During the change to a red giant) the surface temperature decreases [1]
• (During the change to a red giant) the fusion of heavier elements begins in
the core [1]
• (During the change to a red giant) the outer layers are lost to space [1]
• A white dwarf forms [1]
• (During the change to a white dwarf) the core becomes exposed [1]
• The core cools over many billions of years [1]
• A black dwarf forms [1]
10 a The lower spectrum shows a red-shift [1] because the wavelength of the
(characteristic/absorption) lines has increased; [1] This shows that the
galaxy is moving away from us [1]
b small; [1] hot [1[ expanded [1[ faster [1[ billions [1]


Workbook Answers: Aqa Gcse Physics

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Workbook Answers: Aqa Gcse Physics

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WORKBOOK

AQA GCSE Physics Workbook 1

The energy store that changes when the temperature 1 2

[1] for each connection

AQA GCSE Workbook 2

gravitational field strength m/s E

[1] for each connection

Energy changes in systems

[1] for each point to a maximum of 6

[1] for each

[1] for each

[1] for each

National and global energy resources

Land could be used for food

Tidal R E U Can damage wildlife in estuaries

Expensive to build. Works best in

Water Can block shipping lanes, very

[1] for each

14 a Ep = mgh = 0.8 × 9.8 × 20 = 157 [1] J [1] (allow 156.8)

c 407 J [1] allow e.c.f. from parts a and/or b

AQA GCSE Workbook 4

15 a 0.8 [1] J [1]

16 a Kinetic store decreases [1]; thermal store increases [1]

17 a Ep = mgh = 50 × 9.8 × 50 = 24 500 [1] J [1]

AQA GCSE Workbook 5

A component which allows

[1] for each connection

[1] for each correctly drawn component

Electrical charge and current

[1] for each

Required practical activity 3

Length (cm) Current (A) Potential difference (V) Resistance (Ω)

Required practical activity 4 (resistance of filament lamp)

[1] for each circle

Series and parallel circuits

[1] for each diagram

[1] for each letter

17 60 Ω; [1] 60 Ω; [1] 10 Ω [1]

AQA GCSE Workbook 8

Direct and alternating potential difference

19 direct; [1] alternating [1]

[1] for each

22 Live: 230 V; [1] Neutral: 0 V; [1] Earth: 0 V [1]

[1] for each

Energy transfers in everyday appliances

[1] for each

AQA GCSE Workbook 9

[1] for each

The National Grid

[1] for each label

[1] for each description

AQA GCSE Workbook 10

[1] for ammeter; [1] for voltmeter

b Q = It [1] = 1.5 × 5 × 60 = 450 [1] C [1]

c The resistance of the lamp has increased [1] because it is at a higher

d P = IV = 0.33 × 12 = 3.96 W; [1]

e Q = It = 0.33 × 60 × 60 = 1.2 [1] kC [1] (or 1188 [1] C)

c E = Pt = 800 × 2 × 60 [1] = 9.6 kJ [1]

b [1] for evenly spaced arrows; [1] for arrows pointing

AQA GCSE Workbook 12

[1] for each diagram

3 Volume = 2.704 × 10−5 (m3); [1] density = 8060 kg/m3 [1]

4 A micrometer has a much higher resolution than a ruler so it can measure