Paaras Thakur

Alkanes

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 Alkanes

Alkanes, the simplest hydrocarbons, are also known as paraffins. They are the
major constituents of petroleum, a complex mixture of compounds that includes
hydrocarbons such as hexane and decane.

Methane hydrate, consisting of methane molecules

surrounded by water molecules, is formed under high
pressure on the cold seafloor. When brought to the surface, it
quickly melts and releases the methane.
Alkanes
 Physical Properties of Alkanes

Alkanes contain only nonpolar C-C and C-H bonds, and as a result they exhibit
only weak Van der Walls forces.
 Physical Properties of Alkanes

Bp and mp increase as the number of carbons increases because of increased

surface area.

The bp of isomers decreases with branching because of decreased surface area.

 Alkanes

Mp increases with increased symmetry.

Oxidation and Reduction reactions

● Oxidation is loss of electrons.

● Reduction is the gain of electrons.
Preparation Reactions of Alkanes
Preparation Reactions of Alkanes
Preparation Reactions of Alkanes
Preparation Reactions of Alkanes
Preparation Reactions of Alkanes
Preparation Reactions of Alkanes
Example In the given transformation, which of the following is the most appropriate
reagent?
Preparation Reactions of Alkanes
Preparation Reactions of Alkanes
Preparation Reactions of Alkanes
 Hydrogenation and Alkene Stability

Hydrogenation reactions are exothermic because the bonds in the product are
stronger than the bonds in the starting materials, making them similar to other
alkene addition reactions.
Hydrogenation and Alkene Stability
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