2017 年 11 月全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试

英语二级《笔译实务》试卷

Section 1: English-Chinese Translation (50 points)

Translate the following two passages into Chinese.

Passage 1

You’ve temporarily misplaced your cell phone and anxiously retrace your steps to try to find it. Or perhaps
you never let go of your phone—it's always in your hand, your pocket, or your bag, ready to be answered or
consulted at a moment’s notice. When new models come out, you feel bad about saying goodbye to your electronic
pal. And when your battery life runs down at the end of the day, you feel that yours is running low as well. New
research shows that there’s a psychological reason for such extreme phone dependence: According to the
attachment theory perspective, for some of us, our phone serves the same function as the teddy bear we clung to in
childhood.
Attachment theory proposes that our early life experiences with the major figures responsible for our well-
being, namely parents or other caregivers, are at the root of our connections to the adults with whom we form close
relationships. Importantly, attachment in early life can extend to inanimate objects. Teddy bears, for example, serve
as what the attachment theorist D.W. Winnicott calls “transitional objects.” The teddy bear, unlike the parent, is
always there. When children can’t be with their parents, they can still be with their teddy bear. These stuffed
animals also serve as a transition between dependence and independence when young children begin to develop a
separate sense of self. We extend our dependence on caregivers to these animals, and use them to help us move to
greater autonomy and an independent sense of self.
A cell phone has the potential to be a “compensatory attachment” object. Although phones are often castigated
for their addictive potential, scientists cite evidence that supports the idea that “healthy, well-functioning adults also
report significant emotional attachment to special objects”.
Indeed, cell phones have become a pervasive feature of our lives: The number of cell phone subscriptions
exceeds the total population of the planet. The average amount of mobile or smartphone use in the U.S. is 3.3 hours
per day; young adults (ages 18 to 24) report 5.2 hours on an average day. People also like to be near their phones: A
2013 survey reports that 79 percent of users keep their phones with them for all but two of their waking hours.
Nearly as many people report being distressed when they’re separated from their phone.
Passage 2

Many countries have adopted the principle of sustainable development. When put into practice, it helps
combat environmental deterioration in air quality, water levels and terrestrial control. At the same time, its practice
maintains habitat diversity, and it also helps improve poverty situations, controls overconsumption and improves
health and education. Finally, sustainable development promotes viable roles for all members of societies, while
improving the economic situation of developing countries. This means important roles for teachers, doctors,
students, businesses, governments, native people and trade unions.
Whereas interdependence is desirable during times of peace, war necessitates competition and independence.
Tariffs and importation limits strengthen a country's economic vitality while potentially weakening the economies
of its enemies. Moreover, protectionism in the weapons industry is highly desirable during such circumstances
because reliance on another state for armaments can be fatal.
For the most part, economists emphasize the negative effects of protectionism. It reduces international trade
and raises prices for consumers. In addition, domestic firms that receive protection have less incentive to innovate.
Although free trade puts uncompetitive firms out of business, the displaced workers and resources are ultimately
allocated to other areas of the economy.
Imposing quotas is a method used to protect trade, since foreign companies cannot ship more products
regardless of how low they set their prices. Countries that hope to help a new industry thrive locally often impose
quotas on imported goods. They believe that such restrictions allow entities in the new industry to develop their
own competitive advantages and produce the products efficiently. Developing countries often use this argument to
justify their restrictions on foreign goods.
Protectionism’s purpose is usually to create jobs for domestic workers. Companies that operate in industries
protected by quotas hire workers locally. This trend continues until foreign countries retaliate by imposing similar
measures within that industry.
Another disadvantage of quotas is the reduction in the quality of products in the absence of competition from
foreign companies. Without competition, local firms are less likely to invest in innovation and improve their
products and services. Domestic sellers don’t have an incentive to enhance efficiency and lower their prices, and
under such conditions, consumers eventually pay more for products and services they could receive from foreign
competitors. As local companies lose competitiveness, they become pressured to outsource jobs. In the long-run,
increasing protectionism commonly leads to layoffs and economic slowdown.
2017 年 11 月全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试
英语二级《笔译实务》试卷

Section 2: Chinese-English Translation (50 points)

Translate the following two passages into English.

Passage 1

人类在漫长发展进程中创造了丰富多彩的世界文明，中华文明是世界文明多样性、多元化的重要组成
部分。中医药作为中华文明的杰出代表，是中国各族人民在几千年生产生活实践和与疾病作斗争中逐步形
成并不断丰富发展的医学科学，不仅为中华民族繁衍昌盛作出了卓越贡献，也对世界文明进步产生了积极
影响。
中医药在历史发展进程中，兼容并蓄、创新开放，形成了独特的生命观、健康观、疾病观、防治观，
实现了自然科学与人文科学的融合和统一，蕴含了中华民族深邃的哲学思想。随着人们健康观念变化和医
学模式转变，中医药越来越显示出独特价值。中医药与西医药优势互补，相互促进，共同维护和增进民众
健康，已经成为中国医疗卫生体制的重要特征和显著优势。

Passage 2

人人有饭吃，是人类最基本的生存权利，是一切人权的基础。全球农业发展取得了长足的进步，但饥
饿和贫困依然是一种“无声的危机”，困扰着全人类。目前世界上还有 8 亿多贫困人口面临着食物不足、
营养不良的威胁。促进农业发展，消除饥饿和贫困，依然是世界面临的重大挑战，也是全人类肩负的共同
责任。国际社会应当携起手来，加强农业合作，更多关注发展中国家、尤其是一些最不发达国家的诉求。
应减少贸易保护，加强对最不发达国家农业技术、资金等支持，提高全球农业生产水平和粮食安全保障水
平。
中国作为世界上最大的发展中国家，任何时候都是维护世界粮食安全的积极力量。尽管中国农业进一
步发展面临不少困难，但我们仍将不懈努力，用行动来兑现诺言，主要依靠自己的力量解决好吃饭问
题。我们愿与世界各国携手奋进，共同创造一个无饥饿、无贫困、可持续发展的世界。
2017 年 5 月全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试
英语二级《笔译实务》试卷

Section 1: English-Chinese Translation (50 points)

Translate the following two passages into Chinese.

Passage 1

This Agenda is a plan of action for people, planet and prosperity. It also seeks to strengthen universal peace in
larger freedom. We recognize that eradicating poverty in all its forms and dimensions, including extreme poverty, is
the greatest global challenge and an indispensable requirement for sustainable development.
We are resolved to free the human race from the alleviation of poverty and heal and protect our planet.
We are determined to take the bold and transformative steps which are urgently needed to shift the world onto
a sustainable and resilient path. The 17 Sustainable Development Goals and 169 targets which we are announcing
today demonstrate the scale and ambition of this new universal Agenda. They seek to build on the Millennium
Development Goals and complete what these did not achieve. They seek to realize the human rights of all and to
achieve gender equality and the empowerment of all women and girls. They are integrated and indivisible and
balance the three dimensions of sustainable development: the economic, social and environmental.
We are meeting at a time of immense challenges to sustainable development. Billions of our citizens continue
to live in poverty and are denied a life of dignity.
There are rising inequalities within and among countries. Gender inequality remains a key challenge.
Unemployment, particularly youth unemployment, is a major concern. Global health threats, more frequent and
intense natural disasters, spiraling conflict, violent extremism, terrorism and related humanitarian crises and forced
displacement of people threaten to reverse much of the development progress made in recent decades. Natural
resource depletion and adverse impacts of environmental degradation, including desertification, drought, land
degradation, freshwater scarcity and loss of biodiversity, add to and exacerbate the list of challenges which
humanity faces.
Climate change is one of the greatest challenges of our time and its adverse impacts undermine the ability of
all countries to achieve sustainable development. The Millennium Development Goals were agreed 15 years ago.
These provided an important framework for development and significant progress has been made in a number of
areas. But the progress has been uneven, particularly in Africa, least developed countries, landlocked developing
countries, and small island developing States, and some of the Millennium Development Goals remain off-track, in
particular those related to maternal, newborn and child health and to reproductive health.
We recommit ourselves to the full realization of all the Millennium Development Goals, including the off-
track Millennium Development Goals, in particular by providing focused and scaled-up assistance to least
developed countries and other countries in special situations, in line with relevant support programs. The new
Agenda builds on the Millennium Development Goals and seeks to complete what these did not achieve,
particularly in reaching the most vulnerable countries.
Passage 2

Entrepreneurs in Silicon Valley, only half-jokingly, call it the URL strategy. The three letters usually stand for
Uniform Resource Locator—the unique address of any file that is accessible via the internet. But in the world of
internet start-ups, URL has another meaning: Ubiquity first, Revenue Later. This pretty much describes the strategy
of most big online social networks, which over the past few years have concentrated on piling on users rather than
worrying about profits.
That has allowed them to build huge followings, but it has also raised a big question-mark over their ability to
make money from the audiences they have put together.
And the issue is whether the social-networking industry can come up with a wildly successful form of advertising
in the same way that Google has been able to make billions of dollars from the targeted ads that run alongside the
search results it serves up. Without such a formula, runs the argument, social networks such as Facebook will never
amount to much. Doubters claim that the networks face two big handicaps. The first is that people logged into
social-networking sites are there to hang out with their friends, so they will pay no attention to ads. The second is
that because the sites let users generate their own content, they will find it hard to attract advertisers because brands
will not want to take the risk of appearing alongside examples of profanity, obscenity or nudity—or all three at
once.
But the broader outlook for networking sites is more encouraging. One reason is that advertisers are being
drawn to the leading sites by their sheer scale. Facebook's audience is bigger than any TV network that has ever
existed on the face of the earth. Another thing that has attracted companies is the networks' ability to target ads with
laser-like precision, thanks to the data they hold on their users' ages, gender, interests and so forth. Although there
are still lingering concerns about brands appearing next to racy content, firms seem more willing to run this risk
now that the networks' advertising proposition has become more compelling.
In addition to advertising-driven business model, networks are already making healthy profits from sales of
games and virtual goods. The beauty of this business for social networks is that the cost of producing and storing
virtual inventory is minimal. Moreover, because these are closed markets, networks can fix prices at levels that
generate fat margins. To some, the notion that big money can be made from selling make-believe items may seem
bizarre. But the practice replicates the physical presents that people give to one another to cement relationships in
the real world.
2017 年 5 月全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试
英语二级《笔译实务》试卷

Section 2: Chinese-English Translation (50 points)

Translate the following two passages into English.

Passage 1

本公司是全球最大最强的冶金建设运营服务商，拥有 24 万在职员工，资产规模超 7000 亿元，境外

机构、资源项目与承建工程遍布全球 60 多个国家和地区。本公司有着独特的全产业链竞争优势，公司在
全球金属矿业领域率先打通了从资源获取、勘查、设计、施工、运营到流通、深加工的全产业链，形成了
为金属矿产企业提供系统性解决方案和工程建设运营一体化全生命周期的服务能力。
本公司金属矿产资源储量丰富，在国内外拥有一批世界级优质矿山。在冶金工业建设领域，公司积累
了贯穿各环节的核心技术优势和设计施工能力，承担了中国大中型钢铁企业超过 90%的设计施工任务和全
球 60%冶金建设任务，是冶金建设的“国家队”。公司拥有遍布全球的贸易流通网络，全球采购、全球营
销，金属矿产品流通规模稳居国内第一。

Passage 2

我们应该积极促进结构性改革，特别是供给侧改革。中国经济发展面临结构性的矛盾，供给和需求两
侧都有，主要在供给侧，我们要用改革的办法推进结构调整，减少无效和低端的供给，扩大有效和中高端
的供给，这既有利于经济转型，也有利于促进经济增长。
其中重要的方面就是要淘汰严重过剩的产能，重点是抓好钢铁、煤炭等困难行业去产能，近年来已经
取得些许成就，生煤和生铁产量下降，但还要进一步减少，主要是运用市场化和法治化手段，严格环保、
质量、安全等标准。去产能最大的难题是人往哪里去。企业要采取多种措施使职工转岗不下岗，中央和地
方政府都要对职工分流安置给予必要的支持。产能过剩是一个全球性的问题，我们将主动采取行动去产能 ，
这本身就表明中国是负责任的大国。
2016 年 11 月全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试
英语二级《笔译实务》试卷

Section 1: English-Chinese Translation (50 points)

Translate the following two passages into Chinese.

Passage 1

Everyone knows that weddings—the most elaborate and costly form of old school pageantry still acceptable in
modern society—are stupid expensive. But it turns out Americans are now blowing even more money than ever
before on what’s supposed to be the most magical day of any couple’s life together. Money that, to be honest, could
be spent on much, much cooler stuff.
The Knot released its annual wedding survey this week, with findings showing that couples are spending a
mind-numbing average of $32,641 on matrimonial celebrations. The study includes data from nearly 18,000 pairs
across the country. While the cost of a wedding varied greatly from city to city—reaching a nauseating high of
$82,300 in Manhattan—the price was steep no matter where couples chose to get hitched. All this despite the fact
that weddings (and marriages in general, honestly) can be a fairly impractical thing to invest in. Seriously, even 50
Cent doesn’t spend as much in a day as you’re spending on a reception band alone. Think about that.
So rather than buying into the Marriage Industrial Complex on a union that may or may not work out,
wouldn’t it make more sense to save your hard-earned money by forgoing the big ceremony for the major expenses
you’re likely to face in married life? You know, like a mortgage. Or braces for your wallet-draining children-to-be.
And if your fianceé is dead set on a fairytale wedding? You could always just blow your financial load on a plenty
fulfilling single life.
With nearly $33,000 to spend in the life of a singledom, you could get pretty far when it comes to amenities
and entertainment. Perhaps the best part of being free from the shackles of wedding planning is the opportunity to
treat yourself. Like, why drop $1,400 on a frilly dress you’ll wear once before it turns to moth food when you can
rock the most expensive shoes of the season and look great doing it?
And while weddings are supposed to be all about the happy couple, everyone knows that’s bull, because you
have to feed your guests and provide them entertainment and put a roof over their heads for a couple of hours and
likely go into debt doing it.
In addition to simply having fun, there are some more practical ways to spend your wedding purse as well. For
instance, purchasing and providing for a nice house cat rather than dropping major dough on finger bling intended
for fending off hotties for the rest of your life. Fluffy won’t care if you bring home someone new every weekend—
he’ll just hate everyone indiscriminately.
Passage 2

My teenage son recently informed me that there is an Internet quiz to test oneself for narcissism. His friend
had just taken it. “How did it turn out?” I asked. “He says he did great!” my son responded. “He got the maximum
score!”
When I was a child, no one outside the mental health profession talked about narcissism. People were more
concerned by inadequate self-esteem, which at the time was thought to lurk behind nearly every issue. Like so
many excesses of the 1970s, the self-love cult spun out of control and is now rampaging through our culture like
Godzilla through Tokyo.
A 2010 study in the journal Social Psychological and Personality Science found that the proportion of college
students exhibiting narcissistic personality traits – based on their scores on the Narcissistic Personality Inventory, a
widely used diagnostic test – has increased by more than half since the early 1980s, to 30 per cent.
In their book, The Narcissism Epidemic, psychology professors Jean M. Twenge and W. Keith Campbell show
that narcissism has increased as quickly as obesity has since the 1980s. Even our egos are getting fat. This is a
costly problem. While full-blown narcissists often report high levels of personal satisfaction, they create havoc and
misery around them. There is overwhelming evidence linking narcissism with reduced honesty and increased
aggression. It’s notable for occasions like Valentine’s Day that narcissists struggle to stay committed to romantic
partners, in no small part because they find themselves superior.
The full-blown narcissist might reply, “So what?” But narcissism isn’t an either-or characteristic. It’s more of a
set of progressive symptoms (like alcoholism) than an identifiable state (like diabetes). Millions of Americans
exhibit symptoms, but still have a conscience and a hunger for moral improvement. At the very least, they really do
not want to be terrible people.
A healthy self-love that leads to true happiness builds up one’s intrinsic well-being, as opposed to feeding
shallow cravings to be admired. Cultivating amour de soi requires being fully alive at this moment, as opposed to
being virtually alive while wondering what others think. The soulful connection with another person, the enjoyment
of a beautiful hike alone, or a prayer of thanks over your sleeping child could be considered expressions of self-
love.
2016 年 11 月全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试
英语二级《笔译实务》试卷

Section 2: Chinese-English Translation (50 points)

Translate the following two passages into English.

Passage 1

浙江杭州是风景秀美之地，也是创新活力之城。G20 杭州峰会的会标，就是用 20 根线条，勾勒出一

个桥型轮廓，同时辅以“2016 年 G20”的英文和篆隶“中国”印章。
桥，在 G20 独具含义。曾几何时，全球经济治理为发达国家所垄断。 G20 是第一个发达国家和发展
中国家平等参与全球经济治理的机制，是历史的进步。在这个意义上，G20 本身就是一座桥，一座连接历
史与未来、发达国家与发展中国家的桥梁。
在 2016 年的杭州，在世界经济发展的当下，桥又有了新的含义。它寓意着对 G20 成为全球经济之桥、
国际社会合作之桥、面向未来的共赢之桥的殷切期望。桥梁线条形似光纤，寓意信息技术应用带来 的互
联互通，具有强烈的时代感。我们希望，以杭州峰会为桥梁，各国间的联系将更加紧密，世界经济的前景
将更加广阔。

Passage 2

纵观世界文明史，人类先后经历了农业革命、工业革命、信息革命。每一次产业技术革命，都给人类
生产生活带来巨大而深刻的影响。
现在，以互联网为代表的信息技术日新月异，引领了社会生产新变革，创造了人类生活新空间，拓展
了国家治理新领域，极大提高了人类认识世界、改造世界的能力。互联网让世界变成了“鸡犬之声相闻”
的地球村，相隔万里的人们不再“老死不相往来”。可以说，世界因互联网而更多彩，生活因互联网而更
丰富。
中国正处在信息化快速发展的历史进程之中。中国高度重视互联网发展，自 21 年前接入国际互联网
以来，我们按照积极利用、科学发展、依法管理、确保安全的思路，加强信息基础设施建设，发展网络经
济，推进信息惠民。
十三五时期，中国将大力实施网络强国战略、国家大数据战略、“互联网 +”行动计划，发展积极向上
的网络文化，拓展网络经济空间，促进互联网和经济社会融合发展。我们的目标，就是要让互联网发展成
果惠及 13 亿多中国人民，更好造福各国人民。
2016 年 5 月全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试
英语二级《笔译实务》试卷

Section 1: English-Chinese Translation (50 points)

Translate the following two passages into Chinese.

Passage 1

Jane Goodall was already on a London dock in March 1957 when she realized that her passport was missing.
In just a few hours, she was due to depart on her first trip to Africa. A school friend had moved to a farm outside
Nairobi and, knowing Goodall’s childhood dream was to live among the African wildlife, invited her to stay with
the family for a while. Goodall, then 22, saved for two years to pay for her passage to Kenya: waitressing, doing
secretarial work, temping at the post office in her hometown, Bournemouth, on England’s southern coast. Now all
this was for naught, it seemed.
It’s hard not to wonder how subsequent events in her life — rather consequential as they have turned out to be
to conservation, to science, to our sense of ourselves as a species — might have unfolded differently had someone
not found her passport, along with an itinerary from Cook’s, the travel agency, folded inside, and delivered it to the
Cook’s office. An agency representative, documents in hand, found her on the dock. “Incredible,” Goodall told me
last month, recalling that day. “Amazing.”
Within two months of her arrival, Goodall met the paleontologist Louis Leakey — Nairobi was a small town
for its white population in those days — and he immediately offered her a job at the natural-history museum where
he was curator. He spent much of the next three years testing her capacity for repetitive work.
He believed in a hypothesis first put forth by Charles Darwin that humans and chimpanzees share an
evolutionary ancestor. Close study of chimpanzees in the wild, he thought, might tell us something about that
common progenitor. He was, in other words, looking for someone to live among Africa’s wild animals. One night,
he told Goodall that he knew just the place where she could do it: Gombe Stream Chimpanzee Reserve, in the
British colony of Tanganyika (now Tanzania).
In July 1960, Goodall boarded a boat and after a few hours motoring over the warm, deep waters of Lake
Tanganyika, she stepped onto the pebbly beach at Gombe.
Her finding, published in Nature in 1964, that chimpanzees use tools — extracting insects from a termite
mound with leaves of grass — drastically and forever altered humanity’s understanding of itself; man was no
longer the natural world’s only user of tools.
After two and a half decades of living out her childhood dream, Goodall made an abrupt career shift, from
scientist to conservationist.
Passage 2

Scientists analyzing data from a NASA spacecraft have found the first evidence that briny water flowed on the
surface of Mars as recently as last summer, a paper published on Monday showed, raising the possibility that the
planet could support life.
Although the source and the chemistry of the water is unknown, the discovery will change scientists' thinking
about whether the planet that is most like Earth in the solar system could support present day microbial life.
"It suggests that it would be possible for life to be on Mars today," John Grunsfeld, NASA's Associate
Administrator for the Science Mission Directorate, told reporters.
"Mars is not the dry, arid planet that we thought of in the past. Under certain circumstances, liquid water has
been found on Mars," said Jim Green, the agency's director of planetary science.
The discovery was made when scientists developed a new technique to analyze chemical maps of the surface
of Mars obtained by NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft.
They found telltale fingerprints of salts that form only in the presence of water in narrow channels cut into
cliff walls throughout the planet's equatorial region.
The slopes, first reported in 2011, appear during the warm summer months on Mars, then vanish when the
temperatures drop. Scientists suspected the streaks, known as recurring slope lineae, or RSL, were cut by flowing
water, but previously had been unable to make the measurements.
"I thought there was no hope," Lujendra Ojha, a graduate student at Georgia Institute of Technology and lead
author of a paper in this week's issue of the journal Nature Geoscience, told Reuters.
Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter makes its measurements during the hottest part of the Martian day, so scientists
believed any traces of water, or fingerprints from hydrated minerals, would have evaporated.
Also, the chemical-sensing instrument on the orbiting spacecraft cannot home in on details as small as the
narrow streaks, which typically are less than 16 feet (5 meters) wide.
But Ojha and colleagues created a computer program that could scrutinize individual pixels. That data was
then correlated with high-resolution images of the streaks. Scientists concentrated on the widest streaks and came
up with a 100 percent match between their locations and detections of hydrated salts.
2016 年 5 月全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试
英语二级《笔译实务》试卷

Section 2: Chinese-English Translation (50 points)

Translate the following two passages into English.

Passage 1

人口问题归根结底是发展问题。人口的急剧增长，社会经济的迅速发展，给资源和环境带来了空前压
力。我们要关注人口增长与经济社会发展的关系，统筹解决好人口数量、素质、结构和分布问题。
人口流动和家庭结构变化将对公共服务和社会治理带来挑战。大规模的人口流动成为推动社会变迁的
主要力量，同时也加快了家庭的小型化、多样化、离散化。
我们要大力推进流动人口基本公共服务均等化，着力提升流动人口服务管理水平，确保流动人口公平
公正地享受城镇公共资源和社会福利，全面参与政治、经济、社会和文化生活，实现经济立足、社会接纳 、
身份认同和文化交融。

Passage 2

本美术馆以收藏、研究、展示中国近现代至当代艺术家作品为重点的国家艺术博物馆，是新中国成立
以后的国家文化标志性建筑。主体大楼为仿古阁楼式，黄色琉璃瓦大屋顶，四周廊榭围绕，具有鲜明的民
族建筑风格。主楼建筑面积 18000 多平方米 ，共有 17 个展览厅，展览总面积 8300 平方米。
中国美术馆现收藏各类美术作品 10 万余件，以 19 世纪末至今中国艺术名家和各时期代表作品为主，兼
有部分古代书画和外国艺术作品，同时也包括丰富的民间美术作品。
建馆以来，中国美术馆已举办数千场具有影响的各类美术展览，反映了中国美术繁荣发展的态势，也
成为中国与国际艺术交流的重要平台。
中国美术馆也注重通过网站及“数字美术馆”项目建设延展公众服务内容和手段，网站 3 次改版，建
成 10 多个美术数据库，日益成为美术信息发布、检索与共享平台。
2015 年 11 月全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试
英语二级《笔译实务》试卷

Section 1: English-Chinese Translation (50 points)

Translate the following two passages into Chinese.

Passage 1

Apple may well be the only tech company on the planet that would dare compare itself to Picasso.
In a class at the company's internal University, the instructor likened the 11 lithographs that make up Picasso's
The Bull to the way Apple builds its smartphones and other devices. The idea is that Apple designers strive for
simplicity just as Picasso eliminated details to create a great work of art.
Steven Jobs established Apple University as a way to inculcate employees into Apple's business culture and
educate them about its history, particularly as the company grew and the tech business changed. Courses are not
required, only recommended, but getting new employees to enroll is rarely a problem.
Randy Nelson, who came from the animation studio Pixar, co-founded by Jobs, is one of the teachers of
"Communicating at Apple." This course, open to various levels of employees, focuses on clear communication, not
just for making products intuitive, but also for sharing ideas with peers and marketing products.
In a version of the class taught last year, Nelson showed a slide of "The Bull," a series of 11 lithographs of a
bull that Picasso created over about a month, starting in late 1945. In the early stages, the bull has a snout, shoulder
shanks and hooves, but over the iterations, those details vanish. The last image is a curvy stick figure that is still
unmistakably a bull.
"You go through more iterations until you can simply deliver your message in a very concise way, and that is
true to the Apple brand and everything we do," recalled one person who took the course.
In "What Makes Apple, Apple," another course that Nelson occasionally teaches, he showed a slide of the
remote control for the Google TV, said an employee who took the class last year. The remote has 78 buttons. Then,
the employee said, Nelson displayed a photo of the Apple TV remote, a thin piece of metal with just three buttons.
How did Apple's designers decide on three buttons? They started out with an idea, Nelson explained, and
debated until they had just what was needed - a button to play and pause a video, a button to select something to
watch, and another to go to the main menu.
The Google TV remote serves as a counterexample; it had so many buttons, Nelson said, because the
individual engineers and designers who worked on the project all got what they wanted. But, Apple's designers
concluded, only three were needed.
Passage 2

Equipped with the camera extender known as a selfie stick, occasionally referred to as “the wand of
narcissism,” tourists can now reach for flattering selfies wherever they go.
Art museums have watched this development nervously, fearing damage to their collections or to visitors, as
users swing their sticks with abandon. Now they are taking action. One by one, museums across the United States
have been imposing bans on using selfie sticks for photographs inside galleries (adding them to existing rules on
umbrellas, backpacks, and tripods ), yet another example of how controlling overcrowding has become part of the
museum mission.
The Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden in Washington prohibited the sticks this month, and the
Museum of Fine Arts in Houston plans to impose a ban. In New York, the Metropolitan Museum of Art, which has
been studying the matter for some time, has just decided that it, too, will forbid selfie sticks. New signs will be
posted soon.
“From now on, you will be asked quietly to put it away,” said Sree Sreenivasan, the chief digital officer at the
Metropolitan Museum of Art. “It’s one thing to take a picture at arm’s length, but when it is three times arm’s
length, you are invading someone else’s personal space.”
The personal space of other visitors is just one problem. The artwork is another. “We do not want to have to
put all the art under glass,” said Deborah Ziska, the chief of public information at the National Gallery of Art in
Washington, which has been quietly enforcing a ban on selfie sticks but is in the process of adding it formally to its
printed guidelines for visitors.
Last but not least is the threat to the camera operator, intent on capturing the perfect shot and oblivious to the
surroundings. “If people are not paying attention in the Temple of Dendur, they can end up in the water with the
crocodile sculpture,” Mr. Sreenivasan said. “We have so many balconies you could fall from, and stairs you can trip
on.”
At the Met on Thursday, Jasmine Adaos, a selfie-stick user from Chile, expressed dismay. “It’s just another
product,” she said. “When you have a regular camera, it’s the same thing. I don’t see the problem if you’re careful.”
But Hai Lin, a student from Shandong, China, conceded that the museum might have a point. “You can hit people
when they’re passing by,” she said.
2015 年 11 月全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试
英语二级《笔译实务》试卷

Section 2: Chinese-English Translation (50 points)

Translate the following two passages into English.

Passage 1

2000 年，中国建成北斗导航试验系统，这使中国成为继美、俄之后世界上第三个拥有自主卫星导航系
统的国家。
虽然目前它的精度与 GPS 还有一定差距，但它具备了 GPS 没有的短信通信和位置报告的功能。在没
有手机信号的地方，用户也可以通过该系统发送短信。
2008 年四川汶川大地震后，灾区电话无法接通，手机信号中断。救援人员将北斗导航终端带入灾区，
及时保持了与外界的通讯联络。
该系统的位置报告功能可以帮助交通管理部分掌握行驶车辆的位置，及时疏导交通，缓解交通拥堵状
况。
虽然北斗卫星导航系统是中国独立发展、自主运行的卫星导航系统，但这并不影响它与世界上其他卫
星导航系统的兼容性。用户同时使用北斗和 GPS 这两种导航系统时，定位和导航效果会更好。

Passage 2

中国和欧洲是两大战略力量，肩负推动全球经济发展、促进人类文明进步、维护世界和平的崇高使命 ，
双方正在形成不断放大的战略交集。中国是最大的新兴市场国家，欧盟是最大的发达经济体，“最大”与
“最大”交融、一切都有可能，“新兴”与“发达”携手、优势就会倍增，中欧在新兴和发达经济体合作
中可以成为典范。
中国和欧洲分处欧亚大陆的两端，这块大陆是世界上面积最大的大陆，也是人口最多的大陆，市场空
间广阔，发展机遇巨大。中欧都主张国际关系民主化，在许多国际重大事务上有共同利益，双方关系具有
越来越重要的全球影响。中欧都有伟大的文明，中国推崇“和而不同”，欧盟倡导“多元一体”， 13 亿
多中国人与 7 亿多欧洲人命运相连、前途相关，中欧在不同文明包容互鉴中可以成为引领。
2015 年 5 月全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试
英语二级《笔译实务》试卷

Section 1: English-Chinese Translation (50 points)

Translate the following two passages into Chinese.

Passage 1

Early Maori adapted the tropically based east Polynesian culture in line with the challenges associated with a
larger and more diverse environment, eventually developing their own distinctive culture.
The British and Irish immigrants brought aspects of their own culture to New Zealand and also influenced
Maori culture. More recently American, Australian, Asian and other European cultures have exerted influence on
New Zealand.
New Zealand music has been influenced by blues, jazz, country, rock and roll and hip hop, with many of these
genres given a unique New Zealand interpretation. Maori developed traditional chants and songs from their ancient
South-East Asian origins, and after centuries of isolation created a unique “monotonous” and “doleful” sound.
The number of New Zealand films significantly increased during the 1970s. In 1978 the New Zealand Film
Commission started assisting local film-makers and many films attained a world audience, some receiving
international acknowledgement.
New Zealand television primarily broadcasts American and British programming, along with a large number
of Australian and local shows. The country’s diverse scenery and compact size, plus government incentives, have
encouraged some producers to film big budget movies in New Zealand.
The Ministry for Culture and Heritage is government’s leading adviser on cultural matters. The Ministry
funds, monitors and supports a range of cultural agencies and delivers a range of high-quality cultural products and
services.
The Ministry provides advice to government on where to focus its interventions in the cultural sector. It seeks
to ensure that funding is invested as effectively and efficiently as possible, and that government priorities are met.
The Ministry has a strong track record of delivering high-quality publications, managing significant heritage
and commemorations, and acting as guardian of New Zealand’s culture. The Ministry’s work prioritizes cultural
outcomes and also supports educational, economic and social outcomes, linking with the work of a range of other
government agencies.
Passage 2

Along a rugged, wide North Sea beach here on a recent day, children formed teams of eight to 10, taking their
places beside mounds of sand carefully cordoned by tape. They had one hour for their sand castle competition.
Some built fishlike structures, complete with scales. Others spent their time on elaborate ditch and dike labyrinths.
Each castle was adorned on top with a white flag.
Then they watched the sea invade and devour their work, seeing whose castle could withstand the tide longest.
The last standing flag won.
Theirs was no ordinary day at the beach, but a newly minted, state-sanctioned competition for schoolchildren
to raise awareness of the dangers of rising sea levels in a country of precarious geography that has provided lessons
for the world about water management, but that fears that its next generation will grow complacent.
Fifty-five percent of the Netherlands is either below sea level or heavily flood-prone. Yet thanks to its
renowned expertise and large water management budget (about 1.25 percent of gross domestic product), the
Netherlands has averted catastrophe since a flooding disaster in 1953.
Experts here say that they now worry that the famed Dutch water management system actually works too well
and that citizens will begin to take for granted the nation’s success in staying dry. As global climate change
threatens to raise sea levels by as much as four feet by the end of the century, the authorities here are working to
make real to children the forecasts that may seem far-off, but that will shape their lives in adulthood and old age.
“Everything works so smoothly that people don’t realize anymore that they are taking a risk in developing
urban areas in low-lying areas,” said Hafkenscheid, the lead organizer of the competition and a water expert with
the Foreign Ministry.
Before the competition, the children, ages 6 to 11, were coached by experts in dike building and water
management. Volunteers stood by, many of them freshly graduated civil engineers, giving last-minute advice on
how best to battle the rising water.
A recently released report by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development on water
management in the Netherlands pointed to an “awareness gap” among Dutch citizens. The finding did much to get
the sand castle contest off the ground.
2015 年 5 月全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试
英语二级《笔译实务》试卷

Section 2: Chinese-English Translation (50 points)

Translate the following two passages into English.

Passage 1

改革开放 30 多年来，西藏通过深化改革和扩大开放积极推动全区商业、对外贸易和旅游产业加快发
展，不仅增强了与内地的交流，同时也加强了与世界的联系和合作。
1993 年，西藏与全国一道开始建立“框架一致、体制衔接”的社会主义市场经济体制，深化物资、粮
食、日用消费品等领域价格流通改革并全面进入市场。目前，西藏已经深深融入全国统一的市场体系，来
自全国和世界各地的商品源源不断地进入西藏，丰富着城乡市场和百姓生活。西藏的名、优、特产品及民
族手工业产品，大量进入全国市场。
西藏与世界的经济联系日益密切。2012 年，全区进出口总额为 34.24 亿美元，是 1953 年 0.04 亿美
元的 850 多倍，年均增长 12.1%。截至 2012 年底，西藏实际利用外资 4.7 亿美元。西藏立足区位优势，
加强与印度、尼泊尔等周边国家的友好合作，实施面向南亚的陆路贸易大通道建设，大力发展边境贸易。

Passage 2

近年来频发的自然灾害让全球深受其害。炎热的酷暑、狂暴的飓风、刺骨的严寒以及滔天的洪水近乎
成了“常客”，风调雨顺已被视为“奢侈品”。
世界各地的气象学家对此众说纷纭。有的说是全球变暖所致，有的说是大气环流异常，还有的认为厄
尔尼诺是罪魁祸首。
尽管如此，大多数学者都认同这样一个观点：全球气候变化速度正在加剧，极端灾害天气今后无疑将
更加频繁，并且其强度和范围都将走强。面对日益脆弱的全球气候，人类需要更认真地思考，如何切实有
效地规范自身活动，珍爱我们共同的家园。
未来极端危害天气将对相关的行业，如水利、农业、林业、能源、健康和旅游业等有更大影响。同时 ，
上述因素也为全球经济复苏带来更多变数。