Outline

Emerging Active Distribution

Networks (ADNs) Key Characteristics
03 04
Present Day
Research Challenges
Distribution Systems 02 05
Evolution of Power Systems 01 06 Need for Big Data Analytics
Evolution of Electric Power System
Evolution of Electric Power System
Evolution of Electric Power System
 Evolution of Electric Power System

SCADA
Evolution of Electric Power System
Conventional Distribution System
Present Day Distribution System
Present Day Distribution System
PV System Single Line Diagram
Emerging Distribution Networks

Active generation

Emerging Trends
Bi-directional power flows

More PQ distortions

Demand Side Participation

Controllable loads
 Analysis of Distribution Level Signal

Distribution of frequencies in distribution grid

Set of data from WAMSTER PMU 11KV/440V

Substation at IIT Ropar
µ of frequencies is 49.9997 Hz and the standard
deviation is 0.0306.

fmax = 50.0095 Hz, fmin 49.993 Hz

68% of the frequencies lie between one standard

deviation of the mean, i.e. between a frequency
range of (49.9691- 50.0276) Hz
 Analysis of Distribution Level Signal

Noise and Harmonic Analysis

Voltage Signal from WAMSTER PMU at 3.2 KHz
sampling rate
A power frequency bin of 0 dB appears at 50 Hz in
both the spectrum.
The magnitude of another frequency bins are around
-300 dB in synthetic signal -> absence of any other
disturbances.
W-PMU signal, frequency bins have magnitude in
between -40 dB to -60 dB showing the presence of
noise and harmonics
 Key Characteristics of ADNs Signals

The frequency of the distribution-level voltages and currents is barely constant and the
D-PMU should be able to give accurate results under these off-nominal conditions.

60 dB SNR is a reasonable approximation for the noise power, and can be utilized in
noise modeling while designing the D-PMU estimators.

The distribution-level signals contain good amount of harmonics in them, and must be
considered in the signal model.
 Key Characteristics of ADNs Signals

Lower distances in distribution grids show lower amplitude and phase differences
between electric quantities in different nodes: thus, to measure such differences
correctly, higher accuracy is required

Faster dynamics expected in smart grids due to possible intermittent behavior in

generators, loads and storage devices need quick time responsiveness.

Higher distortion usually detected in ADNs, thus, needs PQ detection capability as

well.
 Research challenges

Advanced sensors and measurements

Monitoring
Distributed communication

Solution lies in developing

Adaptive protection better sensors, and pairing
Protection big data with analytics to
Network management devices create actionable information

Wide area active control

Control
Adaptive control