TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction ............................................................................................................... 21
Why a NATO Legal Deskbook? ..................................................................................... 21
What this Deskbook is not: ............................................................................................ 22
What this Deskbook is: ................................................................................................... 22
Abbreviations ............................................................................................................ 25
PART I THE DEVELOPMENT AND ORGANIZATION OF NATO AND
THE OVERVIEW OF NATO BODIES ................................................................... 31
A. A BRIEF HISTORY OF NATO ............................................................................ 33
B. NORTH ATLANTIC COUNCIL (NAC) AND THE INTERNATIONAL
STAFF (IS) ........................................................................................................................ 34
1. Organizational Structure ................................................................................................. 35
2. NATO Staff ........................................................................................................................ 35
3. National Staffs and Representatives .............................................................................. 36
C. MILITARY COMMITTEE (MC) AND INTERNATIONAL MILITARY
STAFF (IMS) .................................................................................................................... 36
1. Military Committee (MC) ................................................................................................ 36
2. The Role of the Chairman ................................................................................................ 37
3. International Military Staff (IMS) ................................................................................... 37
D. THE LEVELS OF INTERNATIONAL MILITARY HEADQUARTERS
(IMHQ’s) ........................................................................................................................... 38
1. Supreme Headquarters .................................................................................................... 38
2. Allied Headquarters ......................................................................................................... 40
3. Other NATO Military Headquarters ............................................................................. 40
E. OTHER TYPES OF ENTITIES IN THE NATO STRUCTURE ...................... 42
1. The NATO School............................................................................................................. 43
2. Centres of Excellence........................................................................................................ 43

PART II DECISIONMAKING AND DOCUMENT MANAGEMENT ........... 45

DECISION MAKING .................................................................................................... 47
DOCUMENT MANAGEMENT ................................................................................... 50
A. BACKGROUND ..................................................................................................... 50
B. NATO HQ ON THE WIDE-AREA NETWORK ............................................... 50
1. NATO HQ Home page on the NATO Wide-Area Network (WAN) ........................ 50
2. Identifying and Obtaining Copies of Pertinent NATO HQ Documents ................... 51
C. THE NATO DOCUMENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (DMS) .................... 51
D. DOCUMENTS ........................................................................................................ 52
1. NAC and International Staff (IS) Documents ............................................................... 52
2. Military Committee (MC) and International Military staff (IMS) Documents......... 55
3. IMS Generated Documents ............................................................................................. 55
4. Military Committee Generated Documents .................................................................. 56
5. IMS support documents .................................................................................................. 56
6. Status of IMS documents ................................................................................................. 56
E. MC AND IMS STAFF PROCEDURES............................................................... 57
1. Issue Consideration .......................................................................................................... 57
2. Military Committee Actions Common Military Committee actions on an issue or
proposal are: ............................................................................................................................... 57

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 F. EXAMPLES OF NATO HQ STAFFING ............................................................. 57
G. MILITARY COMMAND DIRECTIVES AND POLICIES ............................. 61
H. STANDARDIZATION PROCEDURES............................................................. 63
1. STANAG Features ............................................................................................................ 63
2. Allied Publication (AP) Features: ................................................................................... 64
3. Standardization Publications on the NATO WAN ...................................................... 65
PART III INTRODUCTION TO THE LAW OF INTERNATIONAL
ORGANIZATIONS AND TO KEY NATO LEGAL DOCUMENTS ................ 67
A. GENERAL INTRODUCTION TO THE LAW OF INTERNATIONAL
ORGANIZATIONS ........................................................................................................ 69
1. Internal law........................................................................................................................ 69
2. External law ....................................................................................................................... 69
3. General international law ................................................................................................ 70
4. National law ...................................................................................................................... 70
B. OVERVIEW OF NATO LEGAL FRAMEWORK.............................................. 70
C. THE TREATY PILLARS: ....................................................................................... 72
1. First pillar – Agreements attached to the Washington Treaty.................................... 72
2. Second pillar - Status of NATO and the national representatives ............................. 72
3. Third pillar – Status of forces and headquarters .......................................................... 73
4. Fourth Pillar – Partnership for Peace ............................................................................. 73
D. GENERAL INTRODUCTION TO THE LEGAL PERSONALITY OF
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS ................................................................... 74
1. Legal personality on international level ........................................................................ 74
2. Legal personality on non-international level ................................................................ 76
PART IV KEY NATO LEGAL DOCUMENTS ON THE STATUS OF FORCES
AND HEADQUARTERS .......................................................................................... 79
A. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................. 81
B. NATO SOFA ........................................................................................................... 82
1. Preamble ............................................................................................................................ 82
2. Article I............................................................................................................................... 83
3. Article II ............................................................................................................................. 86
4. Articles III – VI .................................................................................................................. 88
5. Article VII – Criminal jurisdiction [to be developed] .................................................. 90
6. Article VIII – Claims [to be developed] ......................................................................... 90
7. Articles IX – XI – Support to be provided by the receiving State and fiscal
privileges ..................................................................................................................................... 90
8. Article XII – XV – Cooperation regarding customs and fiscal regulations ............... 95
9. Articles XVI – XX – Final clauses and territorial application...................................... 95
10. Signature of the Agreement ............................................................................................ 98
C. PARIS PROTOCOL ............................................................................................... 99
1. Purpose and preamble ..................................................................................................... 99
2. Key Definitions and Terms – Articles 1 - 3 .................................................................. 100
3. Rights and Obligations of International Military Headquarters – Article 4 ........... 101
4. ID cards – Article 5 ......................................................................................................... 102
5. Claims – Article 6 ............................................................................................................ 102
6. Taxation – Articles 7 and 8 ............................................................................................ 103
7. Disposal of International Military Headquarters Assets .......................................... 105
8. Juridical Personality and Immunities .......................................................................... 105
9. Budget and Currency Matters – Article 12.................................................................. 106
10. Other Provisions ............................................................................................................. 106

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 D. SUPPLEMENTARY AGREEMENTS ................................................................ 108
E. AGREEMENTS IN THE PARTNESRHIP FOR PEACE FRAMEWORK ... 109
PART V TREATY LAW, INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS AND NATO
PRACTICE ............................................................................................................... 111
A. INTRODUCTION TO THE TREATY LAW .................................................... 113
1. Definition of treaty ......................................................................................................... 113
2. States and international organizations ........................................................................ 114
B. TREATY MAKING POWER OF INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
115
C. TREATY EXAMPLES IN THE NATO CONTEXT AND IN THE DEFENCE
FIELD ............................................................................................................................... 116
D. CONCLUSION AND ENTRY INTO FORCE OF TREATIES ..................... 117
1. Adoption of the text of a treaty..................................................................................... 117
2. Consent to be bound by a treaty ................................................................................... 117
3. Signature .......................................................................................................................... 117
4. Reservations .................................................................................................................... 120
5. Declarations ..................................................................................................................... 120
6. Entry into force ............................................................................................................... 121
7. Key events in a multilateral treaty ............................................................................... 122
E. AMENDMENTS ................................................................................................... 122
F. TERMINATION OF TREATIES ....................................................................... 123
1. Withdrawal or denunciation ......................................................................................... 123
2. Termination ..................................................................................................................... 123
G. REGISTRATION .................................................................................................. 124
H. DEPOSITING AN INTERNATIONAL TREATY .......................................... 125
I. APPLICATION OF TREATIES ......................................................................... 125
J. INVALIDITY OF TREATIES ............................................................................. 126
K. MEMORANDA OF UNDERSTANDING ....................................................... 127
L. DIFFERENTIATION BETWEEN TREATIES AND MOUs ......................... 127
M. SUMMARY OF THE BI-SC DIRECTIVE 15-3 ON THE PREPARATION
AND CONTROL OF INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS .................................. 129
N. STRUCTURE OF THE AGREEMENTS, MOUs AND SOURCES OF
TEMPLATE MOUs ....................................................................................................... 130
1. Structure of an agreement ............................................................................................. 130
2. Other templates............................................................................................................... 131
O. DIFFERENT LEVELS OF AUTHORITY OF NATO ENTITIES TO ENTER
INTO INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS ............................................................. 131
P. RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE LEGAL ADVISER ......................................... 132
PART VI LEGAL SUPPORT IN NATO ............................................................. 135
LEGAL ADVISERS WITHIN NATO ........................................................................ 137
A. BACKGROUND ................................................................................................... 137
B. SUMMARY ON THE BI-SC DIRECTIVE 15-23 POLICY ON LEGAL
SUPPORT (23 July 09) .................................................................................................. 138
C. NATO’s LEGAL ADVISER STRUCTURE ...................................................... 139

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 1. Legal Adviser in the International Staff (IS) ............................................................... 139
2. Legal Adviser in the International Military Staff (IMS) ............................................ 139
3. Legal Advisers at the Strategic Commands ................................................................ 139
4. Legal Advisers at the Component and Subordinate Commands ............................ 139
D. COORDINATION BETWEEN NATO LEGAL OFFICES ............................ 139
E. MISSION OF THE LEGAL ADVISER ............................................................. 140
1. NATO Legal Advisers ................................................................................................... 140
2. Roles of Legal Advisers ................................................................................................. 141
3. Operating Environment ................................................................................................. 141
F. FUNCTIONS AND TASKS ................................................................................ 142
1. Policy ................................................................................................................................ 142
2. Adviser Functions and Tasks of Legal Advisers ........................................................ 142
3. Functions and Tasks of Strategic Command Legal Advisers ................................... 144
LEGAL ADVISER’S ROLE IN OPERATIONAL PLANNING AND
EXECUTION .................................................................................................................. 145
TRAINING OF LEGAL ADVISERS IN GENERAL ............................................... 148
A. REQUIREMENTS ................................................................................................ 148
B. COLLECTIVE TRAINING AND EXERCISES ............................................... 148
C. COURSES AND OTHER TRAINING WITHIN NATO ............................... 149
1. Courses at the NATO School ........................................................................................ 149
2. Other recommended NATO School courses............................................................... 149
3. Other training events ..................................................................................................... 149
D. COURSES AND OTHER TRAINING PROVIDED BY OTHER THAN
NATO INSTITUTIONS ............................................................................................... 150
E. PARTICIPATION IN TRAINING AND EXERCISES .................................. 151
1. Background ..................................................................................................................... 151
2. External Legal Support to Exercise Phases ................................................................. 152
3. Sourcing Legal Support to Exercises ............................................................................ 153
4. Preparing the Legal Community for Exercise Support ............................................. 155
F. TRAINING THE LAW OF ARMED CONFLICT: THE NATO
PERSPECTIVE ............................................................................................................... 155
1. Introduction..................................................................................................................... 155
2. Applicable Standardization Agreements .................................................................... 156
3. NATO Rules of Engagement, MC 362/1 ..................................................................... 157
4. NATO Doctrine............................................................................................................... 158
5. Conclusion ....................................................................................................................... 159
THE ROLE OF LEGAL ADVISERS IN CIVIL-MILITARY COOPERATION
(CIMIC) ORGANIZATIONS...................................................................................... 160
1. Introduction..................................................................................................................... 160
2. Rule of Law Operations ................................................................................................. 160
3. Legal Advice and Services............................................................................................. 161
4. LEGAD Core Competencies and Operational Law ................................................... 161
5. Specialized Knowledge and Skills for Rule of Law Operations ............................... 161

PART VII PERSONNEL ....................................................................................... 163

A. OVERVIEW OF CIVILIAN PERSONNEL ...................................................... 165
1. References ........................................................................................................................ 165
2. Personnel Categories ...................................................................................................... 165
B. STANDARDS OF CONDUCT FOR CIVILIAN PERSONNEL .................. 168

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 1. Overview ......................................................................................................................... 168
2. General Guidelines ......................................................................................................... 169
3. Political Activities ........................................................................................................... 169
4. Communicating with the Media .................................................................................. 170
5. Outside Employment ..................................................................................................... 170
6. Proprietary Rights .......................................................................................................... 170
C. MILITARY PERSONNEL ................................................................................... 170
1. Disciplinary Authority ................................................................................................... 170
2. Administrative Authority.............................................................................................. 170
D. NATO INTERNATIONAL CIVILIANS .......................................................... 170
1. Recruitment and Separations ........................................................................................ 171
2. Basic requirements for NATO international civilians ............................................... 171
3. Deployment of Civilians ................................................................................................ 172
4. Discipline ......................................................................................................................... 173
5. Complaints ...................................................................................................................... 173
6. Complaints Committee Membership .......................................................................... 176
7. Role of the Complaints Committee .............................................................................. 176
8. Timelines.......................................................................................................................... 176
9. Petition to the Head of NATO Body ............................................................................ 177
10. Appeals ............................................................................................................................ 178
11. Appeals Board Hearing ................................................................................................. 180
12. Privileges ......................................................................................................................... 181
13. Investigations .................................................................................................................. 183

PART VIII OVERVIEW OF NATO PROCUREMENT, LOGISTICS OR

SERVICE ORGANIZATIONS .............................................................................. 185
A. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................ 187
B. NATO CHARTER DOCUMENTATION – C-M(2009)0079 .......................... 188
1. NATO‘s legal position based upon the Ottawa Agreement ..................................... 188
2. Charter ............................................................................................................................. 188
3. The Regulations .............................................................................................................. 188
4. Contracting ...................................................................................................................... 188
5. Arbitration clause ........................................................................................................... 189
6. Organizational ................................................................................................................ 189
7. Advisory Committees .................................................................................................... 190
8. Agency ............................................................................................................................. 190
9. General Manager ............................................................................................................ 190
10. Relationship NPLSO-NATO ......................................................................................... 190
11. Dissolution....................................................................................................................... 191
C. RELATIONS WITHIN NATO ........................................................................... 192
D. SEAT AGREEMENTS ......................................................................................... 193
1. Immunities and privileges............................................................................................. 193
2. Social security.................................................................................................................. 193
3. Labour .............................................................................................................................. 193

PART IX NATO RESOURCES AND FINANCIAL MATTERS ...................... 195

A. NATO FINANCIAL FRAMEWORK ................................................................ 197
B. SOURCE OF INTERNATIONAL FUNDS ...................................................... 199
C. TYPES OF NATO FUNDING ............................................................................ 199
1. National Funding ........................................................................................................... 199
2. Multinational Funding ................................................................................................... 199
3. Multinational Funding: (Proper) .................................................................................. 200
4. Joint Funding................................................................................................................... 200

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 5. Common Funding .......................................................................................................... 201
6. The NATO Security Investment Programme (NSIP)................................................. 203
7. The Civil Budget ............................................................................................................. 203
8. The Military Budget ....................................................................................................... 204
9. Non-Appropriated Funds (NAF) ................................................................................. 205
10. Ad Hoc Arrangements ................................................................................................... 205
D. NATO POLICY FOR CONTINGENCY OPERATIONS ............................... 206
1. Traditional funding eligibility under PO(2000)16 ...................................................... 206
2. Expanded common funding eligibility under PO(2005)0098 ................................... 207
E. OTHER RELEVANT NATO DOCUMENTS REGARDING FINANCIAL
MATTERS ...................................................................................................................... 208
1. NATO SOFA ................................................................................................................... 208
2. Paris Protocol .................................................................................................................. 209
3. Ottawa Agreement ......................................................................................................... 209
F. HOST NATIONS SUPPORT ARRANGEMENTS ........................................ 209
G. FINANCIAL APPROVAL REQUIREMENTS ................................................ 211
H. MOU APPROVAL PROCEDURES................................................................... 212
I. AVAILABLE TEMPLATES ................................................................................ 212
J. USING EXISTING MULTINATIONAL ARRANGEMENTS AS
TEMPLATES .................................................................................................................. 213
K. NATO NEGOTIATION POLICY ...................................................................... 213
L. NEGOTIATING PRACTICE.............................................................................. 214
Appendix 1 to Part II (Financial Issues) - ACO Directives (Financial) ............................. 215
Appendix 2 to Part II (Financial Issues) - ACT Directive 60-1 ........................................... 216
Appendix 3 to Part II (Financial Issues) - New Cost Share Percentages........................... 217
Appendix 4 to Part II (Financial Issues) – Host Nation Support Services ―the CAOC
deal‖ ........................................................................................................................................... 218

PART X LOGISTICS ............................................................................................. 219

A. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................ 221
B. AGREEMENT HIERARCHY SUPPORTING HOST NATION SUPPORT
(HNS) ............................................................................................................................... 222
1. The Planning Process in General .................................................................................. 222
2. The Planning Process Stages ......................................................................................... 223
C. LEGAL ISSUES IN THE PLANNING PROCESS .......................................... 224
D. LEGAL ISSUES IN THE EXECUTION PHASE ............................................. 225
1. Customs, Border Controls and Taxes .......................................................................... 225
2. Claims............................................................................................................................... 226
E. CONTRACTOR ISSUES ..................................................................................... 226
3. Status of Contractors in military operations ............................................................... 227
4. Financial Issues ............................................................................................................... 228
5. Negotiation Issues .......................................................................................................... 228
PART XI LEGAL FRAMEWORK AND LEGAL BASIS OF MILITARY
OPERATIONS ......................................................................................................... 229
A. WHAT LAW TO BE APPLIED? ......................................................................... 231
1. International law............................................................................................................. 231
2. Domestic law ................................................................................................................... 231
3. Host nation law ............................................................................................................... 232

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 4. Law of third States.......................................................................................................... 232
5. Special regulations of the mission ................................................................................ 232
B. LEGAL BASIS OF MILITARY OPERATIONS .............................................. 232
1. Prohibition of use of force ............................................................................................. 232
2. Self defence ...................................................................................................................... 233
3. UN Security Council authorization.............................................................................. 234
C. OTHER FORMS OF LEGAL BASIS FOR THE USE OF FORCE ................ 235
1. Protection of nationals / Non-Combatant Evacuation Operations ......................... 235
2. Consent / invitation of host nation .............................................................................. 236
3. Humanitarian Intervention ........................................................................................... 236
D. CHARACTERIZATION OF THE OPERATION ............................................ 237
E. PEACE OPERATIONS ........................................................................................ 237
1. Peacekeeping Operations .............................................................................................. 238
2. Peace-enforcement Operations ..................................................................................... 240
F. THE NATO CONTEXT ....................................................................................... 241
1. ―Non Article 5 operations‖............................................................................................ 242
2. The decision making process ........................................................................................ 242
3. The example of ISAF ...................................................................................................... 243
PART XII INTRODUCTION TO THE LAW OF ARMED CONFLICT AND
RULES OF ENGAGEMENT .................................................................................. 245
A. INTRODUCTION TO THE LAW OF ARMED CONFLICT AND RULES
OF ENGAGEMENT ...................................................................................................... 247
1. Sources and Principles of Law of Armed Conflict ..................................................... 247
2. Enforcement of LOAC Principles ................................................................................. 251
3. Criminal Responsibility ................................................................................................. 251
4. Command Responsibility .............................................................................................. 252
B. NATO RULES OF ENGAGEMENT ................................................................. 254
1. ROE in NATO framework: ............................................................................................ 255
2. Terms and Definitions ................................................................................................... 255
3. Self Defence ..................................................................................................................... 256
4. Defence of Property ........................................................................................................ 257
5. Legal Effect of ROE ........................................................................................................ 257
C. PLANNING RULES OF ENGAGEMENT ....................................................... 258
1. Background ..................................................................................................................... 258
2. Basic Principles of LOAC .............................................................................................. 258
3. Rules of Engagement (ROE) .......................................................................................... 258
4. ROE Procedures .............................................................................................................. 260
5. Plain Language ROE ...................................................................................................... 261
6. National ROEs and NATO ROEs ................................................................................. 261
7. Training and dissemination .......................................................................................... 261

PART XIII ISSUES IN OPERATIONS: SPECIAL OPERATIONS FROM A

LEGAL PERSPECTIVE .......................................................................................... 263
A. SPECIAL OPERATIONS – CHARACTERISTICS......................................... 265
B. SOF CONDUCT TACTICAL ACTIONS FOR STRATEGIC EFFECTS .... 265
C. SOF TASKS ........................................................................................................... 266
D. THE NATO SPECIAL OPERATIONS HEADQUARTERS (NSHQ) ......... 266
E. LEGAL CONSIDERATIONS ............................................................................. 267

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PART XIV ISSUES IN OPERATIONS: CLAIMS............................................. 271
A. BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA AND CROATIA.................................................. 273
B. KOSOVO ............................................................................................................... 275
C. AFGHANISTAN .................................................................................................. 277
D. PAKISTAN ............................................................................................................ 279
E. CURRENT POLICY ............................................................................................. 279
PART XV EU CRISIS MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS AND THEIR
RELATIONS WITH NATO OPERATIONS ....................................................... 281
A. THE BASIC FEATURES AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK OF THE
EU’S COMMON SECURITY AND DEFENCE POLICY ....................................... 283
1. Basic features ................................................................................................................... 283
2. Institutional framework ................................................................................................. 286
B. EU – NATO RELATIONS ................................................................................... 289
1. The establishment of the WEU and its relations with NATO .................................. 289
2. The development of the EU‘s security and defence policy with the WEU as defence
component of the EU and European pillar of NATO ......................................................... 290
3. The development of a security and defence policy within the EU and direct EU –
NATO relations ........................................................................................................................ 291
4. The founding decisions of the CSDP ........................................................................... 292
C. LEGAL ASPECTS OF CSDP OPERATIONS .................................................. 294
1. The scope of CSDP operations ...................................................................................... 294
2. List of CSDP operations: ................................................................................................ 294
3. Council decision (previously Council joint action) and launching decision .......... 295
4. Planning, decision-making and command and control ............................................ 295
5. Operation Plan, Rules of Engagement and other operational documents ............. 295
6. Political and Security Committee decisions ................................................................ 296
7. International agreements and arrangements, including on the status of
forces/mission .......................................................................................................................... 296
8. The law of armed conflict (LOAC) and human rights law ....................................... 297
9. Financing ......................................................................................................................... 299
10. Transparency ................................................................................................................... 299
D. RELATIONS BETWEEN CSDP OPERATIONS AND NATO .................... 299
1. Operations under the Berlin plus arrangements ........................................................ 299
2. Autonomous operations ................................................................................................ 300

PART XVI HUMAN RIGHTS IN MILITARY OPERATIONS ........................ 301

A. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................ 303
1. Applicability of Human Rights in Time of Armed Conflict ..................................... 303
2. Extraterritorial Applicability of HR Deriving From International Treaty
Obligations ................................................................................................................................ 306
3. Accountability for HR Breaches ................................................................................... 309
4. Concluding Remarks...................................................................................................... 310
PART XVII ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ............................................. 311
A. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................ 313
B. LEGAL BASIS ....................................................................................................... 313
C. NATO PRINCIPLES AND POLICIES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION ............................................................................................................... 313
1. Principles ......................................................................................................................... 313

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 2. Policies ............................................................................................................................. 314
D. THE NATO ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION DOCTRINE ................. 314
1. Planning Guidelines for Military Activities ................................................................ 315
2. Environmental Risk Management................................................................................ 316
3. Commander‘s Environmental Responsibilities .......................................................... 316
E. SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT DURING NATO-LED MILITARY
ACTIVITIES ................................................................................................................... 316
1. Principles of Waste Management ................................................................................. 317
2. Waste Management Requirements .............................................................................. 317
3. Responsibilities ............................................................................................................... 318
4. Waste Management Plan ............................................................................................... 318
5. Hazardous Waste ........................................................................................................... 318
6. Health Care Waste .......................................................................................................... 319
F. PETROLEUM, OIL AND LUBRICANTS (POL) ............................................ 319
G. INTERNATIONAL TREATIES ......................................................................... 320
1. The Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous
Wastes and Their Disposal ..................................................................................................... 320
2. The Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants ................................. 320
3. The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and
Flora 321
4. Armed Conflict and the Environment ......................................................................... 321
H. CONCLUSION ..................................................................................................... 322
ANNEX I List of NATO Treaties ......................................................................... 323
ANNEX II Treaties and Conventions in the Law of Armed Conflict ............ 325
ANNEX III Links for LOAC websites ................................................................ 329
ANNEX IV Detailed Law of Armed Conflict & Other Issues Organised by
OPORD Annexes..................................................................................................... 333
ANNEX V Recommended Format for Legal Adviser’s After Action Report . 343
ANNEX VI Examples of the use of force based on of self-defence .................. 347

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