%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%Scott Hudson, WSU Tri-Cities

%1D electromagnetic finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) program.
%Assumes Ey and Hz field components propagating in the x direction.
%Fields, permittivity, permeability, and conductivity
%are functions of x. Try changing the value of "profile".
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

close all;
clear all;

L = 5; %domain length in meters

N = 505; %# spatial samples in domain
Niter = 800; %# of iterations to perform
fs = 300e6; %source frequency in Hz
ds = L/N; %spatial step in meters
dt = ds/300e6; %"magic time step"
eps0 = 8.854e-12; %permittivity of free space
mu0 = pi*4e-7; %permeability of free space
x = linspace(0,L,N); %x coordinate of spatial samples
showWKB=0; %if =1 then show WKB appromination at end

%scale factors for E and H

ae = ones(N,1)*dt/(ds*eps0);
am = ones(N,1)*dt/(ds*mu0);
as = ones(N,1);
epsr = ones(N,1);
mur= ones(N,1);
sigma = zeros(N,1);

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%
%Here we specify the epsilon, sigma, and mu profiles. I've
%predefined some interesting examples. Try profile = 1,2,3,4,5,6 in
sequence.
%You can define epsr(i), mur(i) (relative permittivity and
permeability)
%and sigma(i) (conductivity) to be anything you want.
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%
profile = 1; % cambiar para cada grupo: 1 , 2 , 3, 4, 5, 6
for i=1:N
epsr(i) = 1;
mur(i) = 1;
w1 = 0.5;
w2 = 1.5;
if (profile==1) %dielectric window
if (abs(x(i)-L/2)<0.5) epsr(i)=4; end
end
if (profile==2)%dielectric window with smooth transition
if (abs(x(i)-L/2)<1.5) epsr(i)=1+3*(1+cos(pi*(abs(x(i)-L/2)-
w1)/(w2-w1)))/2; end
if (abs(x(i)-L/2)<0.5) epsr(i)=4; end
end
if (profile==3) %dielectric discontinuity
if (x(i)>L/2) epsr(i) = 9; end
end
if (profile==4) %dielectric disontinuity with 1/4-wave matching
layer
if (x(i)>(L/2-0.1443)) epsr(i) = 3; end
 if (x(i)>L/2) epsr(i) = 9; end
end
if (profile==5) %conducting half space
if (x(i)>L/2) sigma(i) = 0.005; end
end
if (profile==6) %sinusoidal dielectric
epsr(i) = 1+sin(2*pi*x(i)/L)^2;
end
end
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

ae = ae./epsr;
am = am./mur;
ae = ae./(1+dt*(sigma./epsr)/(2*eps0));
as = (1-dt*(sigma./epsr)/(2*eps0))./(1+dt*(sigma./epsr)/(2*eps0));

%plot the permittivity, permeability, and conductivity profiles

figure(1)
subplot(3,1,1);
plot(x,epsr);
grid on;
axis([3*ds L min(epsr)*0.9 max(epsr)*1.1]);
title('relative permittivity');
subplot(3,1,2);
plot(x,mur);
grid on;
axis([3*ds L min(mur)*0.9 max(mur)*1.1]);
title('relative permeabiliity');
subplot(3,1,3);
plot(x,sigma);
grid on;
axis([3*ds L min(sigma)*0.9-0.001 max(sigma)*1.1+0.001]);
title('conductivity');

%initialize fields to zero

Hz = zeros(N,1);
Ey = zeros(N,1);
figure(2);
set(gcf,'doublebuffer','on'); %set double buffering on for smoother
graphics
plot(Ey);
grid on;

for iter=1:Niter
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%
%The next 10 or so lines of code are where we actually integrate
Maxwell's
%equations. All the rest of the program is basically bookkeeping
and plotting.
%"smooth turn on" sinusoidal source
Ey(3) = Ey(3)+2*(1-exp(-((iter-1)/50)^2))*sin(2*pi*fs*dt*iter);
Hz(1) = Hz(2); %absorbing boundary conditions for left-propagating
waves
for i=2:N-1 %update H field
Hz(i) = Hz(i)-am(i)*(Ey(i+1)-Ey(i));
end
Ey(N) = Ey(N-1); %absorbing boundary conditions for right
propagating waves
for i=2:N-1 %update E field
 Ey(i) = as(i)*Ey(i)-ae(i)*(Hz(i)-Hz(i-1));
end
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%
figure(2)
hold off
plot(x,Ey,'b');
axis([3*ds L -2 2]);
grid on;
title('E (blue) and 377*H (red)');
hold on
plot(x,377*Hz,'r');
xlabel('x (m)');
pause(0);
iter
end

%WKB prediction for the fields

if (showWKB==1)
phase = cumsum((epsr).^0.5)*ds;
beta0 = 2*pi*fs/(300e6);
theory = sin(2*pi*fs*(Niter+4)*dt-beta0*phase)./(epsr.^0.25);
input('press enter to show WKB theory');
plot(x,theory,'b.');
theory = sin(2*pi*fs*(Niter+4)*dt-beta0*phase).*(epsr.^0.25);
plot(x,theory,'r.');
title('E (blue), 377*H (red), WKB theory (points)');
end

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%Scott Hudson, WSU Tri-Cities

%1D electromagnetic finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) program.

%Assumes Ey and Hz field components propagating in the x direction.

%Fields, permittivity, permeability, and conductivity

%are functions of x. Try changing the value of "profile".

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

close all;

clear all;

L = 5; %domain length in meters

N = 505; %# spatial samples in domain

Niter = 800; %# of iterations to perform

fs = 300e6; %source frequency in Hz

ds = L/N; %spatial step in meters

dt = ds/300e6; %"magic time step"

eps0 = 8.854e-12; %permittivity of free space

mu0 = pi*4e-7; %permeability of free space

x = linspace(0,L,N); %x coordinate of spatial samples

showWKB=0; %if =1 then show WKB appromination at end

%scale factors for E and H

ae = ones(N,1)*dt/(ds*eps0);

am = ones(N,1)*dt/(ds*mu0);

as = ones(N,1);

epsr = ones(N,1);

mur= ones(N,1);

sigma = zeros(N,1);

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%Here we specify the epsilon, sigma, and mu profiles. I've

%predefined some interesting examples. Try profile = 1,2,3,4,5,6 in sequence.

%You can define epsr(i), mur(i) (relative permittivity and permeability)

%and sigma(i) (conductivity) to be anything you want.

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

profile = 6; % cambiar para cada grupo: 1 , 2 , 3, 4, 5, 6

for i=1:N

epsr(i) = 1;

mur(i) = 1;

w1 = 0.5;
 w2 = 1.5;

if (profile==1) %dielectric window

if (abs(x(i)-L/2)<0.5) epsr(i)=4; end

end

if (profile==2)%dielectric window with smooth transition

if (abs(x(i)-L/2)<1.5) epsr(i)=1+3*(1+cos(pi*(abs(x(i)-L/2)-w1)/(w2-w1)))/2; end

if (abs(x(i)-L/2)<0.5) epsr(i)=4; end

end

if (profile==3) %dielectric discontinuity

if (x(i)>L/2) epsr(i) = 9; end

end

if (profile==4) %dielectric disontinuity with 1/4-wave matching layer

if (x(i)>(L/2-0.1443)) epsr(i) = 3; end

if (x(i)>L/2) epsr(i) = 9; end

end

if (profile==5) %conducting half space

if (x(i)>L/2) sigma(i) = 0.005; end

end

if (profile==6) %sinusoidal dielectric

epsr(i) = 1+sin(2*pi*x(i)/L)^2;

end

end

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

ae = ae./epsr;

am = am./mur;

ae = ae./(1+dt*(sigma./epsr)/(2*eps0));

as = (1-dt*(sigma./epsr)/(2*eps0))./(1+dt*(sigma./epsr)/(2*eps0));
%plot the permittivity, permeability, and conductivity profiles

figure(1)

subplot(3,1,1);

plot(x,epsr);

grid on;

axis([3*ds L min(epsr)*0.9 max(epsr)*1.1]);

title('relative permittivity');

subplot(3,1,2);

plot(x,mur);

grid on;

axis([3*ds L min(mur)*0.9 max(mur)*1.1]);

title('relative permeabiliity');

subplot(3,1,3);

plot(x,sigma);

grid on;

axis([3*ds L min(sigma)*0.9-0.001 max(sigma)*1.1+0.001]);

title('conductivity');

%initialize fields to zero

Hz = zeros(N,1);

Ey = zeros(N,1);

figure(2);

set(gcf,'doublebuffer','on'); %set double buffering on for smoother graphics

plot(Ey);

grid on;

for iter=1:Niter

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%The next 10 or so lines of code are where we actually integrate Maxwell's

%equations. All the rest of the program is basically bookkeeping and plotting.
 %"smooth turn on" sinusoidal source

Ey(3) = Ey(3)+2*(1-exp(-((iter-1)/50)^2))*sin(2*pi*fs*dt*iter);

Hz(1) = Hz(2); %absorbing boundary conditions for left-propagating waves

for i=2:N-1 %update H field

Hz(i) = Hz(i)-am(i)*(Ey(i+1)-Ey(i));

end

Ey(N) = Ey(N-1); %absorbing boundary conditions for right propagating waves

for i=2:N-1 %update E field

Ey(i) = as(i)*Ey(i)-ae(i)*(Hz(i)-Hz(i-1));

end

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

figure(2)

hold off

plot(x,Ey,'b');

axis([3*ds L -2 2]);

grid on;

title('E (blue) and 377*H (red)');

hold on

plot(x,377*Hz,'r');

xlabel('x (m)');

pause(0);

iter

end

%WKB prediction for the fields

if (showWKB==1)

phase = cumsum((epsr).^0.5)*ds;

beta0 = 2*pi*fs/(300e6);

theory = sin(2*pi*fs*(Niter+4)*dt-beta0*phase)./(epsr.^0.25);

input('press enter to show WKB theory');

 plot(x,theory,'b.');

theory = sin(2*pi*fs*(Niter+4)*dt-beta0*phase).*(epsr.^0.25);

plot(x,theory,'r.');

title('E (blue), 377*H (red), WKB theory (points)');

end