CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION
What is Technology?

Technology refers to the practical application of scientific knowledge for a

purpose. It also includes the capability and skills required to apply the
knowledge.

Technology enhances the usefulness of goods and services in a safe manner. It

aims at creating value. Technology can be both material and non-material
(virtual). Technology includes instruments, tools, machines, and other devices
that benefit human life.

Technology may include simple items such as clothing, zip, housing, and
complex items such as airplanes, robots, etc. Even the discovery of fire during
stone age, and the process of producing light, heat, and cooking food are the
examples of technology.

The non-material (virtual) tools and machines such as computer software,

internet, etc. are also considered technology.

Types of technology

1. Communication Technology

Communication is indeed rather essential in all aspects of our personal and

professional life to express emotions, share information, exchange ideas and
what not. Communication technology is probably one of the most common
technologies being vastly used in our everyday life. Advancement in technology
has enhanced the ways to communicate information from one place to another.
It helps us to communicate with each other with more convenience, in less time,
and with greater accuracy.

Communication technology helps in transmitting data or information by using

various devices like telephone, radio, television, and the internet. Businesses
also utilize communication technology for facilitating the flow of knowledge
and information in workplaces, promoting innovative services or products,
serving consumers requests and needs, and in their decision making processes.

2. Construction Technology

Construction technology is related to the equipment and methods utilized to

build both advanced and basic buildings and structures. This can include heavy
engineering structures like bridges. The methods of construction use different
heavy machinery and tools like tractors for land preparation, computer software
to design and create a digitalized version of the building or structure. These
construction tools help in enhancing the operational efficiency and ensuring that
the builders complete the project with minimum issues and accidents, within the
specified budget and within the given deadline.

3. Product Technology
Product technology is the understanding of specifications and characteristics of
a service or product created as per the needs of the market and manufacturing
processes. It is the specific technology used by the manufacturer of the service
or product, its manpower, standards, materials, design specifications,
procedures and methods. It helps in determining the functional characteristics,
properties, and structure of the product to ensure it meets the requirements and
needs of the customer.

4. Medical Technology

This is the most effective and beneficial type of technology as it assists in

improving and extending human life. Medical technology is a vast field in
which innovation has played a significant role in sustaining human health by
helping in reducing the pain and speeding up the recovery process. Developed
countries around the globe have benefitted the most with the adaption of this
technology in their healthcare systems. Many developing countries also have
invested in modern medical technology to improve the health of their
populations.
It comprises areas like pharmaceuticals and biotechnology to utilize the best
possible medical equipment for researching, diagnosing and treating diseases
and infections. Major contributions have already been made and more are
underway to further improve the healthcare. From small innovations like ankle
braces and bandages to advanced technologies like artificial organs and MRI
machine – technology has indeed made an unbelievable impact on the field of
medicine.

5. Architecture Technology

This type of technology is the application of modern technology for designing

buildings. Architecture technology is the component of building and
architecture engineering and is often referred to as its sub-category or distinct
discipline. New technologies and materials generated new construction methods
and design challenges throughout the building’s evolution, more specifically
since the emergence of industrialization in the 19th century.
Architecture technology spans engineering, building science, and architecture
and is practiced by building/architectural engineers, structural engineers,
architectural technologists, and architects, as well as others developing concept
or design in buildable reality. It helps with various elements of buildings,
including smart windows and elevators.

6. Business Technology

Business technology is the application of information, engineering, data and

science for businesses related purposes like achieving organizational and
economic goals. This technology helps in the proper and systematic running of
businesses and for enhancing different business functions and operations. This
typically includes a mixture of hardware and software.

Small businesses utilize technology to establish innovative ways of competing

with established businesses and to generate new leads. Technology helps even
home businesses to be perceived as a big company which helps that business to
gain a competitive position in the market.
What exactly is business technology? It is a tech which is integrated into the
business operation directly. For instance, a television in a living room is not a
business technology but a streaming channel developed by a company to
distribute engaging content to the audience is definitely business technology.
The difference between other technologies and business technology is the
business integration; a technology device present in your business and a
technology device being actively involved in your business are two different
things, the latter being a part of business technology.

7. Educational Technology

Educational technology aims at enhancing the performance of students by

managing and establishing different technological resources and processes in a
classroom or any learning environment. The

technologically advanced academic discipline prepares students to attain deeper

knowledge and understanding of subjects. It assists the students in learning
ways of devising solutions to problems with the help of research, utilization of
information, evaluation, and design.

Educational technology creates a learning environment that aids in improving

ways of learning. It helps in motivating students and encouraging individual
learning. It provides easier access to educational materials and helps students in
learning new languages and subjects through gamification.

8. Information Technology
This technology comprises a set of software and hardware tools utilized to
process, transfer and store information. These tools of information technology
provide the right individuals with accurate and updated information at the right
time. Knowledge works in businesses utilize information technology to
successfully complete different tasks, including enhancing customer service,
transferring the right information that helps with the decision making process of
the organization and more. This information age has made it essential to
manage systems of information for ensuring efficiency and accuracy.

Information technology also includes MIS (Management Information Systems),

which helps to plan the usage, management, and development of information
technology tools to assist workers in performing

tasks associated with management and processing. Major financial institutions

like banks utilize information technology for operating their business process
and to provide high-quality customer service.

9. Space Technology

This technology is developed by the aerospace industry or space science to

utilize in space exploration, satellites, and spaceflights. It is used to
commercialize or explore space like communication satellites and spacecraft.
Space technology includes space stations, satellites, spacecraft, and support
procedures, equipment, and infrastructure.

Space is a novel environment due to which working in it requires special

techniques and tools. Numerous daily services including satellite television,
GPS systems, remote sensing, weather forecasting, and other long-distance
communications rely critically on space infrastructure.

Other sciences like earth science and astronomy also benefit from space
technology. Innovative technologies that accelerate by or originate with space-
related activities and accomplishments are typically later utilized by other
economic endeavors.
10. Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is also called machine intelligence. It is the
intelligence the machines demonstrate, contrasting to the natural intelligence
demonstrated by animals and humans. According to computer science, artificial
intelligence research is known as intelligent agents study. A device perceiving
its environment and taking action which maximizes its chances of attaining its
goals successfully can be referred to as artificial intelligence.

Some examples of artificial intelligence include:

 Problem-solving
 Planning
 Learning
 Speech recognition
The core element of artificial intelligence is knowledge engineering. Machines
can react and act like humans when they have sufficient information about the
world. Artificial intelligence needs to have access to properties, categories,
objects, and relations among them for implementing knowledge engineering.

11. Robotics Technology

Robotics technology is a field which is related to artificial intelligence. It is the

utilization of machines, construction, operation, and designing robots for
performing tasks that were done by humans. It also uses different computer
systems for information processing, sensory feedback and to control. The
technologies in this field are utilized to create machines that can replicate the
actions of humans and can be used as their substitute.

Robots need intelligence to tackle tasks like object navigation and manipulation,
as well as mapping, motion planning, and localization. Robots are widely being
used in various industries like automobile manufacturers for performing
repetitive and simple tasks, as well in industries where work is required in
environments and situations that are hazardous for humans. Innovation in
technology has enabled robots to have senses equivalent of humans like sensing
temperature, touch, and vision. Some advanced robots are able to make a simple
decision.

Research is now being geared towards creating robots with a certain level of
self-sufficiency, which will allow decision-making ability and mobility in an
unstructured environment.

12. Superintelligence
Superintelligence is the technology which demonstrates intelligence that
surpasses even the smartest and most gifted minds of humans. It can also be
referred to problem-solving systems like engineering assistants and
superintelligent language, doesn’t matter if these enhanced intellectual
competencies are embedded in agents acting in the real world.

Some concept of superintelligence is that specific types of artificial intelligence

activities are supposedly able to trigger a runaway reaction in which the
artificial intelligence exceeds the capacity of humans and begins manipulating
or controlling humans in certain ways. This technology is linked to the
‘singularity’ concept that indicates that a trigger or catalyst might cause a
drastic change, which is way beyond the anticipation of humans.

As such, this technology has a major role in numerous discussions regarding the
artificial intelligence ethics, ways to proceed with its progress and how to
protect humanity from certain artificial intelligence liabilities of runaway
artificial intelligence model.

There are numerous theories and ideas, some of which being utilized in movies
as well, that artificial intelligence might determine ways of manipulating and
controlling the human beings, although this does not seem feasible on the basis
of current technology. Superintelligence is a technology that is still under
progress but as systems and interfaces become more interactive, humans are
approaching virtual communication models; these superintelligence concerns
are becoming more well-founded.

13. Agriculture Technology

This technology refers to the technologies for machine production that are
utilized on a farm. Agricultural pieces of machinery are created for almost all
stages of the farming and other agricultural processes. This includes machines
for packaging and sorting products, feeding livestock, threshing grain,
harvesting crops, protecting crops from weeds and pests, cultivating crops, land
irrigation, seed plantation, and soil tilling.

This technology is amongst the most impactful and revolutionary type of

modern technology which is derived from the basic need for food for a
constantly growing population. Agricultural technology has made way to an era
where powered machinery performs the jobs that were performed formerly by
humans, as well as animals like horses and oxen.

These machines created with the help of advanced technology has significantly
enhanced the output of farms and massively altered the way individuals produce
food and are employed in the agricultural sector all over the world. The
individuals that are trained to make agricultural structures, equipment, and
machinery are called agricultural engineers. Mechanized agriculture, currently
also includes the usage of helicopters and airplanes.

14. Assistive Technology
This technology is utilized by individuals with disabilities to assist them in
performing certain tasks that are impossible or difficult for them to perform.
Assistive technology is currently being utilized in numerous ways. For instance,
schools use certain assistive technology tools to help autistic students to learn
and understand better, some tools are utilized to aid individuals with disabled
legs or bodies to move on their own, speech recognition help individuals who
are unable to use the keyboard to be able to utilize a computer for their needs.

With the advancement of technology, assistive tools and applications have made
it possible and easier for individuals with disabilities to perform various tasks
that were otherwise not possible for them to accomplish.

15. Operation Technology

This technology is a category of software and hardware which controls and

monitors the ways in which the physical devices perform. Operation technology
came as a result of long phases of evolution. Knowledge is a result of
experimentation and observation of numerous years of productive processes.

Operation technology was primarily utilized in industrial control systems for

utilities, transportation, and manufacturing – in contrast to information
technology; the technologies that managed the operations in these industries
were not networked. Majority of the tools for making adjustments and for
monitoring of physical devices were merely mechanical. The ones that included
digital controls only utilized proprietary closed protocols.

However, in today’s world, those physical devices have evolved with the help
of technological advancements.  Wireless technology has given administrators
and managers of operational technology with enhanced monitoring systems, as
well as the capability of remotely controlling the physical devices.
Advancement in machine learning and machine-to-machine communication has
led to significant systemic transformation. This has provided the opportunity to
analyze the data produced by physical devices in real time to enhance uptime,
improve autonomy, and enable preventive maintenance.
16. Entertainment Technology

Entertainment technology is the utilization of modern technology to create or

enhance the entertainment experience. The entertainment industry is too vast
and individuals want to be entertained in their own way. Modern technology has
been utilized to create musical systems, video games and more to keep
individuals entertained.

This type of technology includes:

 Interactive environments
 Computer simulations
 Scenery fabrication
 Animations
 Sounds
 Videos
 Costumes
 Show control
 Light field devices
 High dynamic range
 Augmented reality
 Animatronics
 Automation
In the game design and animation, entertainment technology means real
entertainment experience which has become possible with the advent of
computer-mediated digital technologies. Entertainment technology has
traditionally emerged from theatrical stagecraft, which is a significant subset of
this discipline. The scope and range of this practice have increased with the
emergence and development of advancing technologies which has led to new
venues and types of entertainment.

To sum it up, the progress in various sectors due to technology has been
astounding. Technology is applied to almost each and every aspect of our
everyday life. It is utilized at home and at work, it is used for improving
businesses, securing data, manufacturing products and tools, learning,
transportation and communication.  Technology is human knowledge which
uses systems, materials, and tools to improve our lifestyle.

Technology has also played an integral role in changing the dynamics of the
business world. Currently, numerous companies, big and small, utilize the latest
tools and software to determine the needs of their consumers and to provide
them personalized and high-quality experiences. People can remotely work
from all over the globe, process online payments, store and protect their data in
the cloud and whatnot! It allows businesses in all sectors to stay ahead of the
competition, produce innovative services and products, and also deliver those
services and products to consumers within their budget, on time, and anywhere
in the world.

These are the type of technologies that were deemed impossible centuries ago
but have been made possible because of the reliability and scalability of data
centers, research, and modern development tools.

What are the advantages of Technology?

The advantages of technology are discussed below:

1. Increased food output: 

We depend on food for our living. With the introduction of methods and

techniques of cultivation, human-beings are able to increase food output.
The modern irrigation technologies has helped to cultivate lands that were
otherwise considered barren. The agriculture equipment such as tractor
helps the farmer in his farming.

2. Increased industrial output: 

As a result of introduction of technology in the process of producing

goods, there has been tremendous increase in the industrial output. The
automation of industries processes has resulted in processing tasks
 effectively and efficiently. Large industries make good use of engineering
technology for large scale production of goods.

3. Business growth:

 Technology has positively impacted business activities involving

manufacturing, selling, marketing, distribution, recording, etc. Technology
has touched almost every sphere of business activities. Businesses need to
make wide variety of mathematical calculations for various purposes such
as counting, estimation cost and profit, etc. Prior to the introduction of
calculators, all these mathematical calculations were done manually. With
the introduction of computers, large business data are effectively
processed and stored in computers. The growth of eCommerce business is
an excellent example of how Information Technology can benefit our life.

4. Comfort: 

Technology had made human life comfortable. Everything that we see and
use in our daily life is the gift of technology.  The clothes we wear, the
house we live, the car we travel, the bridge and flyovers, the mobile phone
we carry, the fan, etc. are all examples of successful implementation of
technology.

5. Better utilization of resources: 

Modern tools and equipment has helped us to utilize the natural resources
at optimum level. For example, the irrigation technologies has enabled us
to make better utilization of water resource in the field of agriculture.
Hydel power plants, thermal power plants, nuclear power plants, etc. uses
natural resources to generate power.

6. Ease in travelling: 

The invention of wheel is perhaps the most important technological

discovery in human history. Automobiles, trains, etc. are powered by
engine and run on wheels.

7. Improved communication:

 Printing press, internet, telephone, email, and other communication

technologies has helped us to communicate on global scale.

8. Education: 
 Virtual classes are a delivered at many schools. E-learning is a relatively
new concept. Students make use of internet technology to download
important study materials in the form of text, audio and videos.

9. Healthcare: 

Technology has revolutionized the healthcare industry. The

various diagnostic tools such as x-ray machines, blood pressure
monitoring machine, glucose level measuring machine, etc. has made
possible accurate diagnosis of health related problems. Accurate diagnosis
of disease results in faster and effective treatment of the patient.

10. Emerging technologies:

 Emerging technologies such as Information Technology, bio-technology,

artificial intelligence, etc. are among the most important technologies of
modern times. The introduction of computers, internet, smartphones, etc.
have deep impact on common people. Much research are being conducted
in the field of artificial intelligence intelligence.

11. Food Preservation: 

The food preservation technologies help in freeing the world from food
crisis. Food preservation technologies such as freezing, canning,
packaging, drying, etc., prevent or slows down the growth of bacteria and
yeast. This helps in preservation of the foods items that can be consumed
in the future.

12. Architectural excellence: 

Architectural, building and modern engineering are applied in designing

urban skyscrapers, flyovers, and bridges. Newer technologies constantly
strive to make use of reliable, environment friendly building materials.
They also put emphasis on space, light and safety.

13.  Encourages development of new teaching methods

Rather than spend an hour or so talking while the students listen, or have
them read an entire chapter in silence, teachers and professors now have
the option to use advanced teaching methods, such as podcasts, blogs and
social media. When working with a particular group or one-on-one,
teachers can take advantage of web conferencing technologies other online
communication tools.
What are the disadvantages of Technology?

The disadvantages of Technology are discussed below:

1. Pollution: 

Too much use of technology has resulted in an increase in waste products

into the environment. This has caused pollution. The discharge of
industrial wastes into the environment diminishes the quality of soil,
water, air , etc. The vehicle emission is among major causes of air
pollution. Excessive use of pesticides in farming has caused soil erosion.

2. Faster depletion of natural resource reserves

Modern equipment are very powerful. They can quickly extract huge
quantity of natural resources. However, the total reserves of natural
resources are depleting as a result of quicker extraction of natural
resources.

3. Production of unwanted products: 

Technology has also opened doors for the production and demand of
unwanted products or unnecessary products.

4. Wastage of time in non-productive activities: 

Some people waste immense time and energy in doing non-productive

activities. For example, internet technology has enabled people to browse
the internet for information. However, some people get addicted to internet
activities such as browsing, gaming, etc., and waste time and energy.

5. Excessive dependency:

 We are dependent on technology for all of our task. People are
excessively dependent of modern gifts of technologies such as cars,
computers, smartphones, etc. They feel helpless if any of these
technological equipment, machinery or tool fail to perform. We have
adopted technology in our life to an extent that it is impossible to think of
performing our day-to-day tasks without the help of technology.

6. Effect on health: 

Thought various technologies have made our life comfortable, they have
come at the cost our health. The impure air and water is hazardous to
 human health. Loud noise of vehicles and running factories disrupts the
human auditory senses. Excessive use of smartphones causes stress and
posture related health issues.

7. Social gap:

 Not all people know to make the best use of technology. Some people use
modern technologies to work in their favour, while there are others who
find themselves in miserable condition. This may causes a gap in the
society. Further, a situation of digital divide is created when too many
people who do not have access to digital technologies such as internet and
computers.

Conclusion

Technology has, beyond doubt, eased the life of human-beings. It has proved to
b a great boon in the development process of culture and society. However, too
much of anything is bad. Technology should be used with due care and caution
only for the purposed that are of benefit for humanity.

Importance of technology

1. Technology Helps Improve Communication

Nowadays, many companies rely on different applications and software for

communicating with others. Several technical aspects need to be considered
before you choose the way of communication within your organization. For
example, if you are looking for instant feedback, you should go for phone
services because they provide quality voice with consistency as well as
feedback. Other ways of communication include video conferencing, Skype and
instant messaging. Effective communication ensures smooth operations and in
some cases, high level of motivation as well. Employees of the organization are
well-coordinated and informed about the tasks that they have to perform.
Breakdowns in a communication system can cause multiple problems for the
employees, which can be harmful to the company. Therefore, you should
prepare and preoccupy yourself with contingency plans in case an issue arises in
the communication system of the company.
 2. Technology Improves Efficiency

There is no denying the fact technology increases the efficiency of the

company. The advancements in the world of robotics and applied sciences help
businesses facilitate their customers. Moreover, due to the emergence of
artificial intelligence, companies can now make better use of technology. For
instance, using chatbots as customer representatives to deal with customer
queries. The implementation of technology in business saves time and
effort involved in employing human labor and increases productivity, which is a
huge advantage.

3. Protection Against Attacks

Online attacks are increasing at an alarming rate, which can prove to be very
risky for businesses. Therefore, developers are designing cybersecurity defense
systems to protect companies from dangerous threats. Since this is an era of
cloud computing, the threat of cyber attack remains persistent. So, companies
need to protect their data by enhancing the security of their online accounts that
contain important information and data.

4. Employees Need Technology to Work Efficiently

The role of technology in business is expanding at a breakneck pace. Employees

also expect their supervisors to provide them with the latest equipment so that
they can work effectively as well as efficiently. Moreover, the most recent
technological equipment enabled the employees to complete their tasks with
better results and increased productivity successfully.

5. Unlimited Supply of Knowledge

With technology, there is no limit as to what you can achieve and accomplish. It
provides an endless supply of knowledge and valuable insights. Conducting
research has never been easier because you can instantly access the websites
and search for the things you are looking for. Having valuable insights puts you
in a better position to deal with your customers. You are well prepared to meet
their demands. Apart from that, technology helps you keep a close eye on your
competitors. Stay aware of their moves and take necessary preemptive measures
to adopt the latest market trends.

6. Increased Employee Engagement

Technology is well-known for keeping employees engaged. It allows them to

telecommute to work and encourages them to collaborate with each other for
sharing files and essential information. In addition to this, technology also
reduces the level of stress. Workload decreases when the assigned tasks are
completed in the given time. Employees can also enjoy the flexibility to a
certain degree. They can stay connected to the organization via smartphones etc.
and perform work-related tasks remotely.

7. Explore New Markets for Growth

With the implementation of the latest technological equipment, businesses can

explore tons of new markets to expand their operations and profitability.
Technology can help in this regard by conducting complex calculations and
forecasts with authentic results. Authentic results provide a better picture of
management, enabling them to decide whether to go ahead with the plan or not.
Moreover, technology is advancing with new gadgets being introduced in the
market every other day. Companies can take advantage of this progression by
implementing relevant technological gadgets. These gadgets can assist them in
their operations, leading to better productivity and growth.

8. Technology in Business is Necessary for Expansion

Through automation and artificial intelligence, technology has become the most
crucial factor behind the success of every organization. Although it is a big-
ticket in terms of money, the value it provides ultimately outweighs the high
cost. Moreover, the use of the latest technology gives the company a
competitive edge, which makes it a better organization than the rest of the
competitors in the market. This improves the overall reputation of the brand and
enhances its perception among the consumers, which is vital for expansion.

9. Technology Increases the Capacity of the Business

Technology enables businesses to reach more customers in less time than usual.
This means they will be able to serve more customers than before. In addition to
this, companies can easily coordinate with the suppliers when they need
supplies to restore their inventory. The capacity to communicate and store
information increases with technology, which is a huge advantage for large
corporations.

10.Technology Brings Cryptocurrency into Being

The technology of Blockchain has enabled cryptocurrency to come into

existence. Bitcoin is by far the most popular cryptocurrency available in the
digital market. Just like the US dollar, cryptocurrency is also a medium of
exchange. However, it is digital and encrypted to control the creation of
multiple monetary units. This particular technology has enabled businesses from
all over the globe to make safe and secure payments with full-fledged records.
In simple terms, Blockchain is a digital ledger that maintains all the transaction
records so that you know when and where your money is being transferred
online.

IMPORTANCE OF TECNOLOGY ADOPTED BY SHAREKHAN

1)      Keep your anti-virus software active

This is regardless of whether you invest in the stock market or not. If you are
online, you should have an anti-virus software running on your system. This can
help prevent your computer from being infected with dangerous malware that
could threaten to steal your financial data.
2)      Always type the website URL
There are a lot of fraudulent websites that look identical to original e-trading
website. The positioning of various widgets, the colour combinations, themes,
etc., are so accurate, it can fool anyone. This is done to lure unsuspecting
investors to enter their log-in details, and once you type in your personal details,
the data is captured by someone else. You can avoid this by typing the website
URL into the search box. Additionally, do ensure you don’t click on suspicious
links in your emails.
3)      Safeguard your account details
Never disclose your account details to anyone, not even to your broker. Keep a
watch on your investment documents and monitor your account regularly. In
case you find any suspicious activity, alert your broker immediately.

4)      Set a strong password

Did you know that the most common password is ‘password’? Everyone knows
the importance of a strong password but most people rarely follow it. With
innumerable social media accounts, keeping track of passwords can be tough,
but having a safe, unable-to-hack password is the need of the hour for all
financial transactions. Your password should have at least eight or more
characters, including numbers and special symbols like @, %, & and so on.
However, take special care to not set such a complex password, that you,
yourself, can’t remember it.
5)     OTP for additional authentication
It is always good to go the extra mile when your online security is concerned.
Many online trading companies offer two-factor authentication or 2FA for
additional security. Now, it might be possible that you haven’t heard of 2FA but
you most certainly have used it at some point in time. In a 2FA verification
process, you not only type your username and password, but you also type in a
piece of information that only you can have. A prime example of this is the
SMS one-time password (OTP). Choose this feature whenever you trade in the
stock market.
6)      Watch out for unusual pop-ups
It is better not to log into your trading account if you find the website you are
logging in is throwing up unusual pop-up screens. For instance, it would be
highly suspicious if the website keeps throwing up a window that says you have
won Rs. 1 crore and you need to enter your account details to collect the money.
If you see such a pop-up, just shut the window on your computer.
7)      Use a trusted secure device
Always use a safe device (computer or smartphone) to access your account. It is
best not to use public computers whether in a library or an internet cafe. You
can never be sure whether the device is being monitored or not. As wise people
have said in the past: It is better to be safe than sorry.
8)      Disable wireless networks not in use
Free Wi-fi in a public place is great, but don’t use it to check your online
trading account. Use a secure internet connection to log-in, and once you have
completed your trading, disable all the wireless networks not in use. You could
also go for an additional layer of security through a virtual private network
(VPN).

9)      Avoid unknown software

There are many apps on the online play store that allow you to access your
stock trading accounts. Don’t download and install any unknown applications or
software. One way to be sure is to check if the app is verified by the play store
as ‘safe’. If it is ‘safe’, download it and keep a track of your investment, but if
not, then you should avoid downloading the app.
10)   Always log out
Never forget to log out of your account when you are done. You must have seen
numerous movies where a character in the film doesn’t log out of a system and
all his data is stolen. Don’t be that person! Whenever you finish trading in the
stock market, the first thing you should do is to log out of your account and log
out of the computer. This is a small step you should take to ensure your peace of
mind.

SHAREKHAN adapted technology are

IMPORTANCE OF TECHNOLOGY ADOPTED AND IMPACT

1. ADOPT MULTIPLE COMMUNICATION STYLES
A personal handshake or an email? Each client is different, and prefers
a unique way of communication. Those who prefer more of a personal touch
may want you to call, or prefer a meeting over a cup of tea. Many others may
not prefer to be disturbed repeatedly by a phone call. They may want you to
leave a message over SMS, WhatsApp, or email so that they can see it
whenever they are free.
 Whatever your style be, you need to be sensitive to how your clients want
you to deal with them. From phone to Skype, you should be accessible across
all modes of communication.
2. CAPITALISE ON SOCIAL MEDIA
Statista projects that in India there will be 370 million social media users in
2022. Financial advisors can use this highly dynamic platform to generate leads,
or to penetrate their awareness about their services. Engagement with your
client begins much before they start accepting your services, i.e., brand
awareness. Adopting a mix of paid and organic campaigns will help increase
your visibility. Each like, share and comment is a potential for leads.
Another way to engage with your customers is chatbots. Chatbots can be used to
provide more information of your services, to educate, to understand what the
user wants and to record grievances. IT can add engaging and educational
content on social media - Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, etc. to deepen
engagement with your customers.
3. LOOK FOR LIFE-CHANGING EVENTS
A Customer Relationship Management (CRM) tool empowers the financial
advisor to serve customers efficiently. It allows you to record client contacts,
products, and schedules. However, you can make this list more effectual by
adding life milestones, preferred mode of payment, risk aptitude, educational
content required, etc. This will help you pitch the right products to them based
on these insights. You can schedule different types of engagements based on the
CRM inputs.
4. PREPARE YOUR CUSTOMERS FOR CHANGING TIMES
Bank interest rates are falling. India's credit rating was upgraded from Baa2 to
Baa3 by Moody's Investor Service. What does this mean for your customers?
They might not be aware of the implications of these. You have the domain
expertise to understand the consequences of the changing regulations and
technological evolution.
It is not just external and internal circumstances which might require financial
intervention. If your client is reaching an important milestone in life, they might
have to shift to funds which offer less risk. need to tell your clients and advise
them accordingly.
5. WEBINAR & GOOGLE HANGOUTS FOR INTERACTIVITY
You can delight your customers by adding video and chat sessions. Choose
webinars or other video sessions to interact with your customers live. Customers
can send their queries so that they can be addressed. This helps you to listen to
their concerns and understand their financial goals better.
6. HELP YOUR CUSTOMERS LEARN
Customer relationships go beyond selling. Customers appreciate if you can help
increase their learning quotient. You can post product or industry-based
informational content on a regular basis. These can be in the form of videos,
infographics, blog links, tips, quizzes and so on. Alternatively, you can choose
customised informational content as per your CRM database and send them to
different categories of investors.
7. SUPPORT A CAUSE
Being associated with a social or environmental cause helps to reflect a humane
face of the service provider or the brand. This applies to financial advisors too.
Customers may relate with you strongly and feel more assured.

PROMOTIONAL STRATEGIES / Technologies :

Telemarketing:
In the organization, database of contact numbers of various category of people
are maintained who may or may not know about the services.Sales executives
and assistant managers make phone calls to these people and if they are
interested, give various details about the services and products.This will make
people to opt for Sharekhan in future even if they are not interested to enter
stock market currently.
Seminars:
The sales personnel of Sharekhan prepare seminars depending upon the type of
people they are going to meet ie students or coporate people.They go to
respective institutions and take seminars giving various details suiting that
category people and the contact numbers of Sharekhan sales personnel to
contact further if interested.
Door steps: The sales personnel also go to domestic homes of people and
various institutions(meet every person in person, not like seminars).They
explain to them in detail, various schemes, products and services. They also
explain about the documents required to open an account with Sharekhan. If the
person is interested the sales personnel will acquire the documents and will
proceed further.
KIOSKS:
The sales team puts up stalls in various locations and provide pamphlets
containing details about various products and services of Sharekhan.They also
explain orally to people who are interested.
Online advertising:
Sharekhan has links to various websites through which they market their
products and services ie through pop up windows and flash texts which when
clicked directly leads to Sharekhan’s website.
Media :
Sharekhan also uses advertisements in TV channels like CNBC.

SALES & MARKETING DEPARTMENT strategies

The Marketing Department is one of the most important departments in every
concern. The effectiveness of this department is the most important factor in the
progress of the firm. The whole performance of the company depends on
marketing and without the knowledge of this department; the company cannot
sell its goods. The sales manager has the right to perform these functions. He
has many functions like he has to organize promotional activities and sales
events like “First Step”. The department has a Sales manager, Assistant sales
manager, Sales executives and trainees. The department gets databases from
various sources but the main source for leads is internet registration by the
clients.
LEAD MANAGEMENT SYSTEM:
Lead management system is the software used by the sales department to
manage the leads. Every employee of sales department will have unique user id
and password to access this software. Every morning the sales manager will be
provided with some leads from the head office. The sales manager will split this
work and assign the leads for assistant sales manger and executives. Assistant
sales manger will assign some leads to the trainees of the company and he also
assign some personal references to the trainees. Then the employees will work
on the leads and they will update the response in the lead management system.
STRATEGY ADOPTED BY SALES DEPARTMENT
MARKETING STRATEGIES AND PROMOTIONAL STRATEGIES

MARKETING STRATEGIES
The marketing strategy was mainly focused on reaching to every segment of
people
SEGMENTATION:
Sharekhan segmented the whole market in to three types of clients which are as
follows,  Retail investors
 High net worth investors
 Day traders (or) speculators
Most of the retail investors are salaried persons and middle income class
people. They enter with initial capital around Rs.5000-25000. High net worth
investors are clients who invest more than Rs.5 lakhs . They are mostly high
income group. Day traders are clients who are professional speculators and day
traders.
TARGETING:
As most of clients are middle income people, Sharekhan targets mainly on retail
investors such as salaried people and middle income people.
POSITIONING:
Positioning strategy adopted by Sharekhan is they associated themselves with
technology. Standardized procedures are the first thing that comes to mind of a
client when he thinks of Sharekhan.

Finance Department
Like blood is the most important factor in our body, Finance is the blood of any
business. Finance is needed for all the activities like production or services as
well as their distribution. The finance department directly influences all the
functions of the other departments. Also finance has to give equal importance to
all departments. Finance is that administrative area or set of administrative
function in an organization may have the means to carry out its objective as
satisfactorily as possible. Sharekhan has special accounts department for
separate calculation of pay-in and pay-out of funds according to the client’s
Proft/Loss. Finance management is done at Sharekhan is done by managing the
stocks in the demat accounts and funds in the margin & trading accounts

FINANCE

1. DP
2. ACCOUNTS

Finance is the lifeblood of an organization to continue its activities and the

finance management at Sharekhan can be divided into two major parts viz. DP
(Depository Participation) and Accounts management, which are shown in the
figure given above. DP means providing the facility to the clients for managing
the stock bought/sold by them. DP covers two major terminologies viz.
settlements and the auctions which is a part of managing demat account.
Settlements as defined by SEBI are T+2, currently and it means that the demat
account of the clients are prone to be sufficient for selling a script with no debit
at all, i.e., the account must have the sold amount of stock to fulfill the
settlement after 2 days from trade-day. Generally, the timings are 9:30 and 3:00
as a deadline for the client and he must provide the stock for giving a delivery to
the buyer. The chart show the total transaction between two clients:

C – DP (sharekhan) – E – DP (Anyone) – C
The chart shows the process that the request for selling and buying passes
through the DPs of the respective clients and finally the exchanges like SKSE
(Saurashtra Kutch Stock Exchange) becomes the controlling intermediary for
the delivery of stocks and this process is done in two days. Nowadays, as banks
are becoming fast for E-Fund Transfer (EFT) and Phone-banking is getting
more popularity, SEBI is thinking to make the financial market of India to have
a maximum speed of transactions just like the other nations in the world and
proposing for T+1 settlement scheme but the system is not enough competent
for that thing. But soon or later we will have such a settlement system in India,
as said by Mr. J. N. Bajpai, chairman of SEBI.
CHAPTER 2
COMPANY
Sharekhan Limited is a Public incorporated on 20 April 1995. It is classified as
Non-govt company and is registered at Registrar of Companies, Mumbai. Its
authorized share capital is Rs. 900,000,000 and its paid up capital is Rs.
587,461,760. It is inolved in EXTRA TERRITORIAL ORGANIZATIONS
AND BODIES

Sharekhan Limited's Annual General Meeting (AGM) was last held on 27

September 2018 and as per records from Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA),
its balance sheet was last filed on 31 March 2018.

Directors of Sharekhan Limited are Gowri Thyagarajan, Thomas Zink, Stefan

Johannes Groening, Vedantam Ambaresh Murty, Franciska Maria Godelieve
Decuypere, Alain Pascal Papiasse, Jaideep Arora, Hugues Noel Maisonnier,
Jean Christophe Marie Gougeon, .

Sharekhan Limited's Corporate Identification Number is (CIN)

U99999MH1995PLC087498 and its registration number is 87498.Its Email
address is companysecretarial@sharekhan.com and its registered address is
Lodha iThink Techno Campus, 10th Flr, Beta Bldg Off. JVLR, Opp
Kanjurmarg Rly Stn, Kanjurmarg (E) Mumbai MH 400042 IN , - , .

Current status of Sharekhan Limited is - Active.

PROFILE OF THE ORGANISAGTION

PROFILE OF THE COMPANY

 The name of the company is Sharekhan Limited. It was established in1995. It
headquarters is located in sharekhan SSKIA-206 Phoenix House Phoenix Mills
Compound lower band Mumbai- Maharashtra India-400013. The nature of
business is to provide services to the customers. The services are as follows;
Depository services
Online Services
Technical research
Its number of employees is over 3500. Website is www.sharekhan.com and
slogan is “YOUR GUIDE TO FINANCIAL JUNGLE.”

Sharekhan is one of the leading retail brokerage of SSKI Group which was
running sucessfully since 1922 in the country. It is the retail broking arm of the
Mumbai-based SSKI Group, which has over eight decades of experience in the
stock broking business. Sharekhan offers its customers a wide range of equity
related services including trade execution on BSE, NSE, Derivatives, depository
services, online trading, investment advice etc.

The firm’s online trading and investment site - www.sharekhan.com -

was launched on Feb 8, 2000. The site gives access to superior content and
transaction facility to retail customers across the country. Known for its jargon-
free, investor friendly language and high quality research, the site has a
registered base of over one lakh customers. The number of trading members
currently stands at over 3 Lacs. While online trading currently accounts for just
over 2 per cent of the daily trading in stocks in India, Sharekhan alone accounts
for 32 per cent of the volumes traded online.
 The content-rich and research oriented portal has stood out among its
contemporaries because of its steadfast dedication to offering customers best-of-
breed technology and superior market information. The objective has been to let
customers make informed decisionsand to simplify the process of investing in
stocks.

On April 17, 2002 Sharekhan launched Speed Trade, a net-based

executable application that emulates the broker terminals along with host of
other information relevant to the Day Traders. This was for the first time that a
net-based trading station of this caliber was offered to the traders. In the last six
months SpeedTrade has become a de facto standard for the Day Trading
community over the net.

Sharekhan’s ground network includes over 588 centres in 148 cities in

India, of which 32 are fully-owned branches.

Sharekhan has always believed in investing in technology to build its

business. The company has used some of the best-known names in the IT
industry, like Sun Microsystems, Oracle, Microsoft, Cambridge Technologies,
Nexgenix, Vignette, Verisign Financial Technologies India Ltd, Spider
Software Pvt Ltd. to build its trading engine and content. The Morakhiya
family holds a majority stake in the company. HSBC, Intel & Carlyle are the
other investors.

With a legacy of more than 80 years in the stock markets, the SSKI group
ventured into institutional broking and corporate finance 18 years ago. Presently
SSKI is one of the leading players in institutional broking and corporate finance
activities. SSKI holds a sizeable portion of the market in each of these
segments. SSKI’s institutional broking arm accounts for 7% of the market for
Foreign Institutional portfolio investment and 5% of all Domestic Institutional
portfolio investment in the country. It has 60 institutional clients spread over
India, Far East, UK and US. Foreign Institutional Investors generate about 65%
of the organization’s revenue, with a daily turnover of over US$ 2 million. The
Corporate Finance section has a list of very prestigious clients and has many
‘firsts’ to its credit, in terms of the size of deal, sector tapped etc. The group has
placed over US$ 1 billion in private equity deals. Some of the clients include
Holding, Gujarat Pipavav, Essar, Hutchison, Planetasia, and Shopper’s Stop.

VISION AND MISSION

VISION

To be the best retail broking brand in the retail business of stock marketing

MISSION

To educate and empower the individual investor to make better investment

better decision through the quality advice and superior services
 SHAREKHAN SERVICES

EQUITIES & DERIVATIVES

PORTFOLIO
MANAGEMENT

DEPOSITORY SERVICES

COMMODITIES
 COMMODITIES
RESEARCH

IPO, MUTUAL
FUNDS

ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE

CVC Group(Citi Venture Capital)

Director CEO Director
(Jaipdeep Arora) (Tarun Shah) (Shankar Valiya)

Online business head

(Kalyanraman)

AVP-Mumbai Online
(Sanjay Batale)

Territory Manager

Assistant Manager
 Sales Executive

Trainees

PRODUCTS & SERVICES OFFERED BY SHAREKHAN

Sharekhan’s equity related services include trade execution on BSE, NSE,

Derivatives, commodities, depository services, online trading and investment
advice. Trading is available in BSE and NSE. Along with Sharekhan.com
website, Sharekhan has around 510 offices (share shops) in 170 cities around
the country.

 Equity & Derivatives trading

 Fundamental research
 Online services
 Share shops
 Commodities trading
 Portfolio management services (PMS)
 Dial- in trade
 Mutual fund advisory
 Insurance
Documents Required

 As per KYC guidelines there needs to be photo identity and address proof
of the customer. The required documents are mentioned below:-
Identity proof Residence/ Address Proof
 Passport Passport
 Pan card Voter’s ID
 Driving License Driving License(valid)
 Voter’s ID Bank statement(latest)
 MAPIN UIN Card Telephone Bill(latest)
Electricity Bill (latest)
Ration Card
Flat Maintenance Bill
(latest)
Insurance Policy (latest)
Leave-License/Purchase
Agreement (latest)

 2 Photographs
 A copy of Pan Card
 Two cheques drawn in favor of Sharekhan Limited, one for the account
opening fees and the other for the margin money( the minimum margin
money is RS 5000/-)
 A cancelled cheque should be given by the client if he provides Saving
Bank Statement as a proof for correspondence address.

Charge structure
Fee structure for general individual:-

CHARGE CLASSIC SPEED TRADE

ACCOUNT ACCOUNT
Account opening Rs 750/- Rs 1000/-
Brokerage Intraday- 0.10% Intraday- 0.10%
Delivery- 0.50% Delivery-0.50%
REASONS TO CHOOSE SHAREKHAN LIMITED

Experience
SSKI has more than eight decades of trust and credibility in the Indian stock
market. In the Asia Money broker's poll held recently, SSKI won the 'India's
best broking house for 2004' award. Ever since it launched Sharekhan as its
retail broking division in February 2000, it has been providing institutuonal-
level research and broking services to individual invcestors.

Technology
With our online trading account you can buy and sell shares in an instant from
any PC with an internet connection. You will get access to our powerful online
trading tools that will help you take complete control over your investment in
shares.

Accessibility
Sharekhan provides ADVICE, EDUCATION, TOOLS AND EXECUTION
servies for investors. These services are accessible through our centres across
the country (Over 588 locations in 148 cities) over the internet (through the
website www.Sharekhan.com) as well as over the Voice Tool.

Knowledge
In a business where the right information at the right time can translate into
direct profits, you get access to a wide range of information on our content-rich
portal, Sharekhan. You will also get a useful set of knowledge-based tools that
will empower you to take informed decisions.
Convenience
You can call our Dial-N-Trade number to get investment advice and execute
your transactions. We have a dedicated call-centre to provide this service via a
Toll Free Number 1800-22-7500 & 1800-22-7050 from anywhere in India.

Customer Service

Our customer service team will assist you for any help that you need relating to
transactions, billing, Demat and other queries. Our customer service can be
contracted via a toll-free number, email or live chat on www.Sharekhan.com.

Investment Advice

Sharekhan has dedicated research teams of more than 30 people for

fundamental and technical researchs. Our analysts constantly track the pulse of
the market and provide timely investment advice to you in the form of daily
research emails, online chat, printed reports and SMS on your mobile phone.

Benefits

 Free Depository A/c

 Secure Order by Voice Tool Dial-n-Trade.
 Automated Portfolio to keep track of the value of your actual purchases.
 24x7 Voice Tool acess to your trading account.
 Personalised Price and Account Alerts delivered instantly to your Cell
Phone & E-mail address.
 Special Personal Inbox for order and trade confirmations.
  On-line Customer Service via Web Chat.
 Anytime Ordering.

COMPETITIVE ANALYSIS

Follower:
 The followers are those who just blindly follows other players who are
leaders and chalengers.
 The players like 5 Paisa, Motilal Oswal, HDFC securities, Kotak street
are the followers.

Leaders:
 ICICI Direct is a leader in the online account which is having 1,24,000
accounts in the country.
 While in offline account sharekhanis leading with 64000 offline accounts.

Nicher:
 ICICI Direct.com and Kotakstreet.com are the two stock brocking houses
which are focusing only on online investors.

Chalenger:
 Sharekhan, Kotakstreet and India bulls come under this head.
 Sharekhan challenges competitors by providing quality services and
research based advice.
  Indiabulls is also challenging with low brokerage rates and class one
services.

Effects of technology on Trading

1. Market liquidity: With the help of electronic trading different types of
buyers and sellers has connected each other very quickly and no matter
how long they are located in country, which makes higher liquidity in
market.

2. Competitive nature: Real time management through electronic trading,

and IT sectors making highly competitive nature for trading of securities.

3. Transparency in Market: All types of data and market history of trading

are easily available through E-trading which makes more transparent
dealing between buyers and sellers. Accuracy dealing: Field of IT and
“algo trading” create great dealing experience in trading of securities, but
finally men’s discretion is higher than technology in case of buying and
selling

Need For The Study

1. The research will help to share khan in understanding the technologies
adopted and the impacts of the sharekhan
2. The research will also reveal the fear factors, and which the brokerage
services need to address before full fledged promotion of share trading
3. The research will also create awareness on the usage of online share trading
as a channel option for trading services.
4. There is a chance to experience expansion in this volatile sector. In spite of
it, it becomes necessary to serve the investors. A tough competition is prevailing
in and around.