* Write a short note on Virtual Ground of Op-Amp?

Answer:
The term virtual ground in op amp means that the voltage at the
particular node is almost equal to the ground voltage (0V). It is not
physically connected to ground. This concept is useful in analysis of Op-
Amp circuits and makes calculation easy.
Virtual ground in an Op-Amp is a totally inadequate concept, capable to
mislead many professionals, either students or engineers, to commit
serious mistakes when analyzing of designing amplifiers based on OP-
Amp. This concept aids circuit analysis and other circuits and provides
useful practical circuits effects that would be difficult in other ways.
Physical implementations of virtual ground will have limitations of
current handling ability and non-zero impedance which may have
particular side effects.
A voltage divider, using two resistors, can be used to create a virtual
ground node, if two voltage sources are connected in series with two
resistors.

Op-Amp inverting amplifier

An active virtual ground circuit is sometimes called a rail splitter. The

output voltage of the amplifier in the figure is
Vout = - (Rf / Rin)Vin
Thus as far as the amplifier is working in its linear region, the voltage at
the inverting input terminal remains constant with respect to the real
ground.
This property characterized a virtual ground of Op-Amp.

* Design a non-inverted summer using Op-Amp.

Answer:

R4
10k
4
5

R1
V1
2 U1 Vout
R2 6
10k
3
10k
V2
7
1
8

R3 LM107

10k

Non-inverted summer amplifier.