2.

0 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE COGNITIVE THEORY OF THE CLASSROOM

The cognitive learning theory is one of the famous theory of education sector
that using thinking skills to let the students learn in classroom. From the explorable
website about the cognitive learning theory tells that the learner can learn easier and
the new information can be remembering for long time when the learner focused what
had been taught. This show that this theory is very effective and give impact on the
classroom environment.

On other hand, the first significance of this theory is able to get the learner to
think and applying problem solving strategies to lead towards the answer. According
to Woolfolk (1998), in his Educational psychology book saids that constructivist
perspective is view that emphasises the active role of the learner in building
understanding and making sense of information. While they are already understanding
and learn a previous knowledge, they will use the knowledge that they learn in the
next class. The second significance of this theory are students able to interpret
information on learning process. When the learner had go through the learning
process, they not only know just a simple thing but, the theory makes them think and
want to explorer more to know about it even through that the knowledge that they
think need a high level of thinking and imagination.
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The next significance of this theory is students are not being measured in the
end product but in the process of learning. When the learner learning about
something, they not are testing for the exam paper only, but they will be seen through
their knowledge and their improvement day by day. The last significance of this
cognitive learning theory is students learning independently and teachers as a
instructor. In this theory tell that the students not only will listen to teacher only in
class but the students also will learn by themself and the teacher will guide them in
what they had done to make sure that they can do it better. This show that this theory
haS to play big role in the classroom when the teacher as the instructor had to plan
the teaching carefully and understanding it well.

3.0 JUSTIFICATION ON HOW THE COGNITIVE LEARNING THEORY

CONTRIBUTES IN THE TEACHING AND LEARNING PROCESS
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 The cognitive learning theory had play important role in the education level
and the education psychology theory also has a lot of theory that be constructed by the
people around the world. Therefore, in this topic i will explain about the
constructivism learning theory while according Borich and Tombari (1997) in their
book Educational Psychology: a contemporary Approach said that ”constructivism is
an approach in which learners are provided to opportunity to construct their own
sense of what is being learned by building internal connections or relationships
among the ideas and facts being taught”. From this sentence we can conclude that
constructivism is about make own understand in what u had learned.

The constructivism theory is famous being used by teachers around the world
to teaching and learning in classroom. When this theory used in science subject, it
helps the science students to experience on what they have learned through the
experiments. Similarly, this theory also develops the students let them make their own
understanding in their learning progress based on their previous knowledge through
observation. In the article of teaching and learning in science: a new perspective on
paragraph six states teacher also needs to put more effort by planning more activities
in classroom for make this theory working for teaching science subject in classroom.
The constructivism theory also makes the learner become active in classroom that
make them involve in two way comunication or help the learner to have a
collaborative towards each other.

4.0 DISCUSSION ON PROBLEMS FACED BY TEACHERS

When applied this new theory or teaching method in classroom, teacher need
to understand and learn well the method to make sure that the method is suitable in
classroom and give an effective impact to their students. When applying the
constructivism theory of classroom, the first problem may be faced by teachers is only
a few students will share their opinion in that learning process. This is because only a
few students interest to answers while other students just waiting from the friends
answers. On other words, students also may be not understanding the previous lesson
that they are learned before. For example, when teacher asked students to give their
opinion on what happens to the living thing when all tree being cut. This situation
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 involves students to think more and more because the teacher can keep asking them
based on the answers that the students give. In other words, this question also needs
students to think more and relate the question about some general knowledge that they
know. Therefore, not all students involve in give opinion in the classroom when
involve them to think that related to the constructivism learning theory.

The next problem that can be faced by teachers is students forget about the
previous lesson or knowledge that the teacher had taught them. When this situation
happens, for sure that the students cannot give their answer or opinion when teacher
asking them. This problem happens may causes of the students did not pay attention
on the time teacher teaching them or they did not have effort to understand what
teacher had teach them. The problem is teacher need to refresh the students by
teaching them back what they had forgoten or give them some knowledge to let them
understand or remember the knowledge. The other problem that cause students not
remember on previous lesson is students not take initiative make notes for their
personal notes that can help them in future for make revision.

5.0 SUGGESTION ON WAYS TO SOLVE PROBLEMS

The ways that can be taken to solve the problem that only few students will
give their own opinion in that learning process. Therefore, teacher should have two
ways communication before done teaching by asking students question or make a
verbal quiz. This may help teachers to know those students that still not uderstanding
what that the teacher taught in the classroom. That way also help students to pay
attention and really focus on teacher teaching or when their friends share knowledge
in classroom. For example, when teacher explains about ”what process takes place for
the plants during night time?”, this question can be a tricky question on most students.
Therefore where the teacher has explained to them about this and some of them still
not really understanding then they should ask the teacher. Two ways communication
not only communication between teachers and students but also include the
communication between students and students. From the journal of effective teachers-
professional and personal skills state that the lack of communication will causes
students not understand key concepts that teaching by teacher. Meanwhile, students

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also should have courageous to ask question in classroom when they not understand
what been present in their classroom.

The seconds ways that can help to solve problem is the roles of students when
they sit in the small group during lesson. The small group helps them to do their work
better in the team and teach them to have good cooperative values. When they sit in
the group, each of them will have their own roles example as leader, runner, recorder
information and representative person. But, the students will not play the same roles
forever and they also will have change roles when the teacher gives instruction them
to change roles. Like in the group have four students and each of them has their own
roles then after a month the teacher will ask them to change their role in group of
classroom activities. This role helps them to responsible for their own work and make
them to be attentive and give cooperation to each other.

The third ways to solve problem face by teacher when applied the learning
theory of the classroom is planning an education games or activities. When talk about
games activities, most of the students like to play games and they become more
interested and active in class especially those students that silents during teacher
teaching. Therefore, teacher should plan and manage well an education games that
can help the students remember what they have learned in the games or activities.
Example of the activity is about water cycles by listen the song, fill in blanking the
lyric of that song and sing together in the classroom. This activity is looking simple
but can give a big impact on the student because they can easy the water cycle by the
song and they also can listen to the song anywhere and anytime. The students also
will fill not to stress to remember all the process one by one and know the different
between the process. Through activities and games also the constructivism learning
concept still can apply by asking the students question what they have learn through
the games or activities.

The forth way to solve the problem is planning the teaching and lesson for the
classroom well. The efectiveness of the lesson and teaching from the teacher is base
of the preparation of the teacher before entering the classroom. When teacher teaches
the students step by step that involve a simple knowledge towards the implication, it
can help the students to understand well the important thing that the students need to
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know. This also can help students to prevent from confusing what teacher teach when
the topic that explains is almost the same topic. Example the water process, students
need to know the different between the boiling process and evaporation process. This
two process involves the same state of matter changing that only different are the time
of this two processes happen. According to constructivism, the important thing in
teaching and learning science is student should be providing with learning
environment that promotes them to understand of what they learn in the classroom
based on the journal of what does constructivism suggest for science education.