Reference Sheet for Assessment : Unit 7 Specialist Mathematics SMO5: Statistics and Statistics Extension

DISTRIBUTIONS

For all distributions,

Distribution Notation Probability mass function P(x) Probability Generating Function G(t) Mean Variance

Discrete Uniform

Bernoulli

Binomial

Geometric

Negative
Binomial
(Pascal’s)

Poisson

Normal

EXPECTATION ALGEBRA

Linear Transformation of a single random

variable

Linear combination of independent random

variables (all discrete or all continuous)

Covariance of two random variables

DISTRIBUTIONS AND TEST STATISTICS

Distribution of Sample Means (Central Limit Theorem) Standard error of the mean =

Distribution of Sample Proportions (large n) Standard error of proportion =

2
𝑛𝑛 𝑛𝑛 ∑ 𝑥𝑥 2 ∑ 𝑥𝑥 ∑(𝑥𝑥 − 𝑥𝑥̅ )2
Unbiased estimate for population variance 𝜎𝜎� 2 = 𝑠𝑠 2 = � −� � �=
𝑛𝑛 − 1 𝑛𝑛 − 1 𝑛𝑛 𝑛𝑛 𝑛𝑛 − 1

• known:

• Common population variance known:

Testing the difference of two means

• Common population variance unknown: use pooled two-sample estimate

𝜎𝜎� 2 where are the variances of the samples

DEGREES OF FREEDOM

Distribution Conditions d.f

Uniform

 If is known
Poisson
 If is unknown and is estimated from observed frequencies by
 If n and p are known
Binomial
 If p is unknown and is estimated from observed frequencies by

 If and are known

Normal
 If and are unknown and estimated from observed frequencies by and 𝜎𝜎� 2