Module 2.
Binomial Test 11
2
Binomial Test
There are many populations that are dichotomous in nature. Examples of such
classes are male and female, married and single, right-handed and left-handed,
professional and nonprofessional, ethical and unethical, religious and nonreligious,
parametric and nonparametric, etc. In each case, all observations will fall into one of the
two possible outcomes. In this setting, we can apply one of the nonparametric statistical
test called-Binomial Test.
SELF-CHECK!!!
After finishing this module, you are expected to achieve the following
objectives
1. Describe function of Binomial Test
2. Familiarize yourself with the procedures in applying Binomial Test.
3. Solve exercises related to Binomial Test.
LEARNING RESOURCES
For further readings, you may refer to the following books;
Bee Ching U. Ong Kian Koc and Vivien M. Talisayon (1998). Seminar in Advance
Statistics Applied to Education. Quezon City: UP Open University. (Modules 1-8)
Module 2. Binomial Test 12
Hair, J., Anderson, R., Tatham, R. and Black, W.(1998).Multivariate Data
Analysis with Readings. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, Inc.
Redecilla Glenn (2020). Parametric and Nonparametric Statistics for Statistician
Or view Nonparametric Statistics with Illustrations by: Gabino P. Petilos, Ph.D at
http://www.causeweb.org
EXPLORE!!!!
We are done with the introductory part of Nonparametric
Statistics. We are now about to digest the essential components of
Nonparametric Statistics. In this section, we will study the first statistical test that
we can use for One Sample Test the – Binomial Test. I wish to emphasize that I
will directly indicate the discussion made by Ong Kian Koc et.al (1998) regarding
this topic.
THE BINOMIAL TEST
As indicated in the introductory part of this module, Binomial Test is used
for data that are dichotomous in nature. The binomial distribution is used to
determine the probabilities of the possible outcomes that we would observe if we
sampled from a binomial population. For the sake of simplicity, let us denote the
outcome or success of an event as 1 and the absence or failure of an event as 0.
Since only possible outcomes can happen, the probability of getting a success is
and a failure ; that is
[ ] and [ ]
Module 2. Binomial Test 13
Furthermore, it is assumed that each probability is constant regardless of the
number of objects sampled or observed.
Method
In a repeated trials experiment consisting of independent trials with
probability ( ) for each trial, the probability of getting exactly success
( ) is given by the formula,
[ ] ( )
where:
( )
( )
the proportion of observations expected where
the proportion of observations expected where .
So,
[ ] ( ) (1)
( )
For testing whether there is a significant difference between a population mean
and some real number ,
̅
for 35 (2)
If the population standard deviation ( ) is not given, use
(3)
√
Where
Module 2. Binomial Test 14
For correction on continuity,
( )
(4)
√
where,
is used when
is used when
And we refer to the following table for critical value of – test for decision making
Level of Significance ( )
Test Type 0.10 0.05 0.025 0.01
One-Tailed 1.645 1.96 2.33
Two-Tailed 1.645 1.96 2.33 2.58
Example 1. Assuming that, on the average, 2 out of 10 students come to school
5 –minutes before the scheduled time for the class. What is the probability that
out of 20 students, chosen at random, exactly 2 students come to school 5 –
minutes before the scheduled time for the class?
Solution:
1. The experiment consists of the arrival of 20 students.
2. By a success we mean “a student arrives 5 –minutes before the
scheduled time for the class”
3. For each event the probability of success is .
Module 2. Binomial Test 15
To solve for the probability we will use Equation (1),
and
The probability that 2 students arrives 5 –minutes before the scheduled time for
the class is
[ ] ( )( ) ( )
( )
[ ] ( )( ) ( )
( )
[ ] ( )( )( )
[ ] or
[ ]
Therefore, the probability that 2 out of 20 students will arrive 5 –minutes before
the scheduled time for the class is 13.69%.
Example 2. The general education students at OROGO University render an
average of 3.3 community services to the poor per month with a standard
deviation of 0.25. A random sample of 120 religious education majors (taken
from among general education students) averages 3.8 community services to the
poor per month. Do religious education majors shoe significantly more social
concern for the poor than the rest of the general education students?
Solution.
Let us try to apply the six steps hypothesis testing model to solve the given
problem.
Step 1. Stating the null hypothesis and its alternative hypothesis
Module 2. Binomial Test 16
: There is no significant difference between the religious education majors
and the general education students of OROGO University in rendering
community services to the poor. In symbols,
̅̅̅̅
: There is a significant difference between the religious education majors and
the general education students of OROGO University in rendering community
services to the poor. In symbols,
̅̅̅̅
Step 2. Choosing the statistical test
Since we are given the sample and the population means to determine if there is
a significant difference in their frequency in rendering community services to the
poor, nominal level of measurement is used, sample size is 120 and we can
assume that the sampling distribution is normal in shape. Therefore we will use
– test (Equation 2), since the data are categorical and the design is one-sample
type with .
Step 3. Significance Level
Let (two – tailed test) and sample size ( ) is 120.
Step 4. Sampling distribution and critical region
Since the level of significance has been set to (2-tailed test), the critical
region will begin at with
Step 5. Computing the test statistics
̅̅̅̅
Module 2. Binomial Test 17
Step 6. Decision Making
Since the computed – value (2.0) is greater than the – tabular value (1.96),
the value of the test statistics falls within the critical region. Hence, is rejected.
There is a significant difference between the religious education majors and the
general education students of OROGO University in rendering community
services to the poor. Based from the mean, it further shows that the religious
education majors are really more socially concerned.
Since we have an allocated time for laboratory, I want you to do the following
activity. Make sure to submit your answers in MS Word format.
ACTIVITY
Solve the following exercises using the six steps hypothesis testing model.
1. On the average, 8 out of 10 parents voted in favour to Blended Learning due
to COVID 19 pandemic. What is the probability that out of 50 parents, chosen
at random,
a. All 50 parents are in favour to Blended Learning?
b. 30 parents are in favour to Blended Learning?
c. At least 45 parents are in favour to Blended Learning?
2. The freshmen students at CBSUA – Pasacao Campus got an average of 85
with a standard deviation of 2.3 on their previous grades in high school. A
random sample of 40 mathematics majors (taken from among freshmen
Module 2. Binomial Test 18
students) averages 88 on their previous grades in high school. Do
mathematics majors show significantly better academic performance in high
school than the rest of the freshmen students?
DISCUSSION BOARD
We will now try to interact with each other in a two way
process at a least possible manner! I will post a question/s and try to answer it on
your own.
1. What particular mathematical skills do you find helpful in learning Binomial
Test?
2. As future educators, what advice/tips could you give to your fellow
students who were taking the same course to make this topic easier to
understand?
POST COMPETENCY CHECKLISTS
Let us try to determine if you learned something from our topic. Answer the
following Self-Assessment Question.
SELF – ASSESSMENT QUESTION 2
1. In your own words, describe function of Binomial Test
2. Solve the following exercises related to Binomial Test.
a. Research shows that 68% of Filipino parents are in favour to death penalty for
drug related crimes. What is the probability that out of 50 parents, chosen at
Module 2. Binomial Test 19
random,
i. All 50 parents are in favour to death penalty for drug related
crimes?
ii. Exactly 30 parents are in favour to death penalty for drug related
crimes?
iii. At least 48 parents are in favour to death penalty for drug related
crimes?
b. The faculty members of OROGO University gave an average rating of 85
with a standard deviation of 3.2 on the satisfactory survey for Duterte
administration. A random sample of 36 faculties (taken from among faculty
members) gave an average of 90 on the satisfactory survey for Duterte
administration. Do the selected faculty members show significantly better
appreciation to Duterte administration than the rest of the members of the
faculty?
ASSIGNMENT
Solve the following exercises using the six steps hypothesis testing model.
1. Research shows that 70% of the worlds’ population was female. What is the
probability that out of 100 persons, chosen at random,
a. All 100 are female?
b. Exactly 60 are female?
c. At least 98 are female?
Module 2. Binomial Test 20
2. In a multiple choice test with four options, a student has 25% chance of
getting the right answer. What is the probability that in a 100 – item multiple
choice test a student
a. Will get 50 correct answers?
b. Will get 80 correct answers?
c. Will get a passing score?
3. World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that the average life span of
Filipino is 60 years old with a standard deviation of 2.25 years. A random
sample of 38 death certificates were taken from Philippines Statistics
Authority (PSA) and found to have a mean of age 63 years. Does the
randomly selected sample show significantly higher age than the rest of the
Filipinos?
