ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS I

(ECC 3011)
MATERIAL BALANCE PROJECT TITLE:
Production of Anhydrous Acetic Acid
Feed Stock: Ethylene (99% Purity)
Production per Annum: 1 Million Tonne

Lecturers : Dr. Mohd Zahirasri Bin Mohd Tohir

Dr. Mohamad Syazarudin Bin Md Said
Group’s Name : Unity Sdn Bhd

Group Members Matric No.

Tan Shu Jia 200518
Sneeha Shanmugam 200967
Nur Adleena Ezzaty Binti Md Noor 200368
Question 1: Graph Plotting

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Question 1:
From the graph plotted, the trend of the acetic acid production can be represented by
an empirical quadratic model: 𝒚 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟑𝟓𝒙𝟐 + 𝟎. 𝟒𝟗𝟏𝟑𝒙 + 𝟑𝟎𝟗. 𝟗𝟒

Question 2:

According to the model, the acetic acid production level in 2050 will be 494.07𝒎𝟑 .

2) Acetic acid production level in 2050

Years after 1950, x = 2050-1950 = 100

Substitute x=100 into the quadratic model:
Acetic acid production level, y =0.0135(100)^2+0.4913(100)+309.94
= 494.07 m3

Question 3:
From the quadratic model, differentiation of y with respect to x can be calculated.

𝑑𝑦
= 0.027𝑥 + 0.4913
𝑑𝑥

The rate of change of production of acetic acid in 2018 is 2.3273 𝒎𝟑 /𝒚𝒆𝒂𝒓. While the
percentage rate of change is 0.57%.
3) dy/dx = 0.027 x + 0.4913
In 2018, x = 68 68
dy/dx = 0.027(68)+0.4913
= 2.3273 m3/year

Percentage rate of change = (2.3273/408.52) x 100

= 0.56969 %

Question 4:

If the production of acetic acid level continues to grow constantly at the 2018 rate, the
production of acetic acid level in 2050 will reach 482.99 𝒎𝟑 .
4) yi = y + (dy/dx)*dx
In 2050, dx= 2050 - 2018 = 32
At 2018, y= 408.52
y(2050) = 408.52+(2.3273)(32)
= 482.99 m3

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Question 5:

Production of acetic acid level of 450𝑚3 yields a likely chance that global average
temperature increases will be at least 20 𝐶. According to the quadratic model, in 2036
we reach the acetic acid production of 450𝑚3 .
5) Given y = 450
Substitute into the quadratic model:
0.0135x^2+0.4913x-140.06 = 0
a = 0.0135 x^2
b = 0.4913 x
c = -140.1 -1.1E-05
Substitute into quadratic formula:

x = -121.66 (reject)
x = 85.273 (approximately 86 years)
86 years after 1950, production will be 450m3.
Year = 1950 + 86
= 2036

Question 6:

Assuming the acetic acid levels continue to grow constantly at the 2018 rate, in 2036
we reach the acetic acid production of 450𝑚3 .

6) yi = 450
Substitute into yi = y + (dy/dx)*dx
450 = 408.52 + 2.3273 (dx)
dx = 17.823
It is approximately 18 years after 2018.
Year = 2018 + 18
= 2036

Question 7:

In order to avoid reaching acetic acid production of 450𝑚3 , the trend in the data would
have to become concave down and decreasing.

Question 8:

What are the measures should be taken in order to avoid reaching the acetic acid
production of 450𝑚3 ? What will likely to happen if the acetic acid production level is
more than 450𝑚3 ?

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Question 9:

Worrying Trend: Worldwide Acetic Acid Production Level

(New York, U.S.) Sunday, 30 Nov – World Environment Organisation (WEO) had
carried out a research on the worldwide acetic acid production level from 1950 to 2018.
From the data collected, it showed that the trend of the acetic acid production level is
increasing every year. This issue should be concerned by the government as well as
the industries. Acetic acid has a wide range of uses in the industry, such as in the
manufacturing of plastics and used as preservative in foods. It is a useful raw material
to produce many chemical products, but at the same time, acetic acid is also produced
as waste product in industry. The over-production of acetic acid as waste product will
bring about adverse effects to the environment. According to the trend of data
collected, it is expected that the acetic acid production level will reach 450𝑚3 in 2036.
The production of acetic acid level of 450𝑚3 yield a likely chance that global average
temperature will increase at least 2𝑜 𝐶. According to Warren, an increase of 2𝑜 𝐶 of
global average temperature will cause the agriculture yields in the rich nations
decrease and 1 to 3 billion people will experience water scarcity. Therefore, in order
to avoid reaching the acetic acid production level of 450𝑚3 in 2036, few effective
measures should be taken by the government and industries. The government should
set strictly the regulations and policies of disposal of pollutants by factories. For
example, limit the amount of acetic acid that can be discarded by factory to a maximum
of 400𝑚3 per year. Besides that, the government must inspect the factory from time to
time to ensure the manufacturers follow the rules of safety disposal of acetic acid. Fine
must be imposed on the factory which breaks the law. Meanwhile, industry is
recommended to refer the National Pollutant Data to improve manufacturing
processes which reduce acetic acid production as waste. In addition, the industry
should utilize more effective processing techniques which can reduce the acetic acid
production as waste. As can be observed from the data collected, the rate of acetic
acid production reached 2.3273𝑚3 /𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟 in 2018. This alarming rate of worldwide
acetic acid production gives everyone a warning, in which the production of acetic acid
as waste product must be under control to prevent further increase. In conclusion, co-
operation between the industry and the government will greatly help to reduce the
annual production of acetic acid as waste products, and thus, save the world from
global warming.