Name : yashwant thakur

Digital Electronic Lab

1809121054
Experiment - 5
Aim : Design, and verify the 4-bit synchronous counter.
Apparatus Required : Digital tr ainer kit and 4 JK flip flop each IC 7 476 (i.e dua l JK flip flop) and
two AND gates IC 740 8.

Logic Diagram :

Theory : Unlike the asynchronous counter, synchronous counter has one global clock which
drives each flip flop so output changes in parallel. The one advantage of synchronous counter
over asynchronous counter is, it can operate on higher frequency than asynchronous counter as
it does not have cumulative delay because of same clock is given to each flip flop.

Observation Table :

Result : 4-bit synchronous counter studied and verified.

Experiment -6
Aim : Design, and verify the 4-bit asynchronous counter.
Apparatus Required : Digital trainer kit and 4 JK flip flop each IC 7476 (i.e dual JK flip flop) and
two AND gates IC 7408.

Logic Diagram :

Theory : Counters arranged so that the output of one flip-flop generates the clock input of the next
higher stage are generally called asynchronous counters (or ripple counter).  In other words, in
asynchronous counters, the CLK inputs of all flip-flops (except the first one) are triggered not by the
incoming pulses but rather by the transition that occurs in other flip-flops.  Therefore, the change of
state of a particular flip-flop is dependent upon the present state of other flip-flops.  Fig. 1 shows a
count-up ripple counter.  When a transition from, say, 0111 to 1000 occurs, the one-to-zero transition
of the low-order three bits ripples from bit to bit.  Since each flip-flop has a non-zero propagation
delay, ripple counters are relatively slow.  Therefore, an upper limit on the number of flip-flops in the
flip-flop chain ought to be imposed.

Observation Table :
Result : 4-bit asynchronous counter studied and verified.