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    9 views20 pages

    10 PDF

    Uploaded by

    Neog Rupak

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    of 20
    Electrical safety This chapter covers the following NEBOSH learning objectives: Outline the principles, hazards and risks associated with the use of electricity in the workplace Outline the control measures that should be taken when working with electrical systems or using electrical equipment in normal workplace conditions EZY international Health and Safety at Work 101. Principles, hazards and risks associated with the use of electricity in the workplace 288 10.2 Control measures 295 10.1 Principles, hazards and risks associated with the use of electricity in the workplace 10.1.1 Introduction Electricity is @ widely used, efficient and convenient, but potentially hazardous method of transmitting and using tenergy. Its in use in every factory, workshop, laboratory and office in the country. Any use of electricity has the potential to be very hazardous with possible fatal results. Legislation has been in place for many years to control and regulate the use of electrical energy and the activities associated with its use, Such legislation provides a trame- work for the standards required in the design, installation, maintenance and use of electrical equipment and systems and the supervision of these activities to minimise the risk Of injury. Electrical work from the largest installation to the smallest job must be canied out by people known to be competent to unciertake such work, New installations always require expert advice at all appropriate levels to cover both design aspects of the system and its associ- ated equipment. Electrical systems and equipment must bbe propery selected, installed, used and maintained. In the UK, approximately 8% of all fatalities at work are caused by electric shock. Over the last few years, there have been 1000 electrical accidents each year and 25 people die of their injuries. The majority of the fatal ties occur in the agriculture, extractive and utility supply and service industries, whereas the majority of the major accidents happen in the manufacturing, construction and service industries, Only voltages up to and including mains voltage (220/240¥) and the three principal electrical hazards ~ electric shock, electric bums and electrical fires and explosions ~ are considered in detail in this chapter. 10.1.2 Basic principles and measurement of electricity In simple terms, electricity is the flow or movement of electrons through a substance which allows the trans- for of electrical energy from one position to another. The substance through which the electricity flows is caled a conductor. This flow or movement of electrons is known as the electric current. There are two forms of electric current ~ direct and alternating. Direct current (de) 10.3. Further information 304 10.4 Practice NEBOSH questions for Chapter 10 305 involves the flow of electrons along a conductor from one: ‘end to the other. This type of current is mainly restricted to batteries, dynamos and similar devices, Alternating cur- rent (ac) is produced by a rotating alternator and causes an oscillation of the electrons rather than a flow of electrons so that energy is passed from one electron to the adjacent ‘one and so on through the length of the conductor It is sometimes easier to understand the basic princi- ples of electricity by comparing its movement with that of water in a pipe flowing downhill. The flow of water through the pipe (measured in litres per second) is simi- lar to the current flowing through the conductor which is measured in amperes, normally abbreviated to amps (A). ‘Sometimes very small currents are used and these are ‘measured in miliamps (mA) The higher the pressure drop is along the pipetine, the greater will be the flow rate of water and, in a similar way, the higher the electrical ‘pressure difference’ along the con- ductor, the higher the current will be. This electrical ‘pres- sure difference’ or potential cifference is measured in volts ™. ‘The flow rate through the pipe will aiso vary fora fixed pressure drop as the roughness on the inside surface of the pipe varies — the rougher the surface, the slower the flow and the higher the resistance to low becomes. Simi: larly, for electricity, the poorer the conductor, the higher the resistance is to electrical current and the lower the current becomes. Electrical resistance is measured in ohms. ‘The voltage (V), the current (and the resistance (A) are related by the following formula, known as Ohm's law: V=1

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