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15 .Seer 199 7
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v< EXERCISES
2.7.1 Let cosh u iii , cos v ----- (12, -.: q3. Find the new scale factors hq, and h".
., .,
q i — 11 72 ' '
It " - a , )
V= (qi - — 1
=
or -- 11,
h„., -- a
(
•
(2.79)
Z=
generate two sets of orthogonal parabolic cylinders (Fig. 2.6). By solvin g, Eq. 2.79
for and ti we obtain the following:
I. Parabolic cylinders, ‘; = constant.' — Co < <
(2.74)
2. Parabolic cylinders, iI = constant, 0 tl <
2.75)
(
3. Planes parallel to the .vi-plane, = constant, — Co < < CO.
From Eq. 2.6 the scale factors are
(2.76)
= h 4 + /12)12,
h 11 2 ) 1 2
(2.77) + (2.80)
II, It,. -=
the major one.
li \ -/ 1 \
hapter 6 ∎s hen The parabolic e N lindcr c.); constant is invariant to the sign of We must let ,; (or id go
negati ve to cover negative values of .v.
41)
88 2 COORDINATE SYSTEMS
The transf(
Dividing Eq.
Using Eq. 2.
Usin g Eq. 2.
From Eqs
I. Circula
2. CircuL
3. Planes
When 17 -
y = 0. Simil
to a point, t
Eq. 2.84 pa
y = 0 are s(
The scale
To see h
(a, 0), (—a
2.9 BIPOLAR COORDINATES (5, 77 , z) 89
(x — a coth ) + 2 y2
= 2 C/ CSC112 (2.83)
• Eq. 2.82 to eliminate q from Eq. 2.81h, we have
• 0), (—a, 0), and (.v, y) and the two distance vectors
(a, and i )„,_ at angles of 0,
90 2 COORDINATE SYSTEMS
tan 0, =
x—
(2.87)
tan 0 2 =
FIG. 2.8 x +a
We define'
P2
012 = in (2.88a)
Pi
= Ol 02. (2.88b)
From Eq. 2.89, Eq. 2.84 follows directly. This identifies ,; as 5 12 = 0, — 0 2 . Solving
Eq. 2.88a for p 2 /p, and combining this with Eq. 2.86, we get
o z, + +y2
v-
pi (x + y2 (2.90)
Multiplication by e - " 2 and use of the definitions of hyperbolic sine and cosine
produces Eq. 2.83, which identifies q as th, = In (0,1p,). The following example
exploits this identification.
EXAMPLE 2.9.1
dk
dA = (2.91)
47r r
clz P CI= \
11 ° 1 lim( j.
A_ =-- 2 (2.92)
47r p—. (),//); + z2 Jo \/ + Z2
Rol +
A- — lim n-1 + \/1) :1, + z 2 )1 0'
1 — In(z +
" 47t 1"--•
Poi
P + /
+ P 2 p,
— ( lirn 2 In 2 In . (2.93)
47 p— P + p2 Pi.
This reduces to
P0 I , 1 1 2 /101
(2.94)
.-1_ =— i 11 — = — — il.
_7
1 p i 27
So far there has been no need for bipolar coordinates. Now. however. let us
calculate the magnetic inductance B from B = V x A. From Eqs. 2.22 and 2.85
1l440 Ito ° k
—I1„1
0 0
92 2 COORDINATE SYSTEMS
EXERCISES
2.9.1 Verify that the surfaces 6 h i and c; are orthogonal by the following methods:
(a) Show that the slope of one surface (the intersection with a = constant)-plane) is the
ne gative reciprocal of the slope of the other surface.
(b) Calculate q„.
2.9.2 (a) Show that Laplace's equation, V 0(6, 7), — 0 is not completely separable in bipolar
coordinates.
(b) Show that a complete separation is possible if we require that tb — 0(6, 7)), that is, if
we restrict ourselves to a two-dimensional system.
2.9.3 Find the capacitance per unit length of two conducting cylinders of radii b and c and of
infinite length, w ith axes parallel and a distance apart.
277E0
C-
- 7/2
2.9.4 As a limiting case of Exercise 2.9.3, find the capacitance per unit length between a conduct-
ing cylinder and a conductin g infinite plane parallel to the axis of the cylinder.
27reo
n