Concept and Theories

Review of Related Literature

Product Planning in Improving the Beverage Industry

Most literature has focused on the operational and tactical levels and the integration of both in
beverage and related industries (e.g. soft-drinks Ferreira et al. (2009), foundries Araujo et al. (2007),
glass industry Almada-Lobo et al. (2007) and animal feed Clark et al. (2010)). Nevertheless, some work is
also available on medium to long-term planning mostly in terms of mathematical formulations. These
models often include production, distribution and inventory management with capacity investments.
Chandra and Fisher (1994) show that the integration of production and distribution in a single decision
model yields better results than optimizing separate models. In Jolayemi and Olorunniwo (2004)
decisions on production, transportation, purchasing and warehouse capacity extension are made for a
multi-plant and multi-warehouse environment. Martin et al. (1993) study a real world case in the flat
glass business. Production, distribution, and inventory operations are managed in a single model. An
application in the chemical process industry is presented by Timpe and Kallrath (2000). Batch and
campaign production in a multi-plant production system are decided along with distribution and
marketing decisions. A real-world problem in steel manufacturing is approached by Sambasivan and
Yahya (2005). Almada-Lobo et al. (2008) present a long term production planning model in the glass
industry. A multiplant production system where each plant has a set of production lines is considered
but long term production planning with common demand, i.e. demand is not attached to a specific
location. The significant sequence-dependent setup costs and time that arise in this industry lead to the
need of sequencing of product families. A VNS-based heuristic is used to solve the problem. Another
industrial example at a metal item manufacturer is given by Dhaenens-Flipo and Finke (2001). Authors
formulate an integrated production-distribution model considering a production system composed of
multiple factories having several parallel production lines. Sequence-dependent setups are considerer at
this level due to their magnitude and managed through predefined sequences. Distribution decisions
relate to transfers from plants to warehouses and from warehouses to clients. Other examples occur in
production environments where items are produced in a series of processes occurring in different plants
Kaminsky and Simchi-Levi (2004).

Openability of soft drinks PET packagings (Danilo Corrêa Silva, Luis Carlos Paschoarellia and José
Carlos Plácido da Silva)
This study show that gender and the age are determinants to a good design. The interface of
soft drinks PET packagings have signs of serious problems, which might exclude representative portions
of economically active population. In this sense, it should be emphasized the importance of a deepest
research on this product, which can provide parameters for improving its usability by the design.
 Definition of Terms
The following terms were used in the study. To understand the terms much better, we
elaborate the terms to its simplest meaning:

Torque - a force that produces or tends to produce rotation or torsion.

Carbonate - dissolve carbon dioxide in (a liquid); a gas that present into drinking soda.

I love you ShenShen <3