In conclusion, the mathematical problem consists in solving () for the unkown function fn,

subject to conditions () and ().

Obviously, () is equivalent to two singular integral equations with real-valued solutions

A
xx 
   x cot 2
A
n dx  cos nx,                  n=0,1,2,3...

A
xx 
   x cot 2
A
n dx   sin nx,                  n=1,2,3...

where

n  x   Re f n  x 
n  x   Im f n  x 

Solution of eqn. ()
It can readily be verified that the solution n of () must be an odd function, i.e.,
n   x     x 
. By using this fact () may be rearranged as

A
2 sin x 
   x cos x  cos x dx  cos nx
0
n

The change of variables

cos x   t 
cos x  t

transforms () into

1
 n  t  1
 dt   Tn  t 
u t  t 2

where

u  cos A
 n  t   n  arccos t 

and

Tn  t   cos  n  arccos t 
Is the Chebyshev polynomial of the first kid.
Eqn. () is a Cauchy type singular integral equation, whose solution, unbounded for t=u i.e. for
x=A (see ()) is [], []

t   u Tn  t  
1
1 1 t
n  t     dt 
22 t  u u 1 t t  t

If we return to the old variables x, x’ by ()-(), then from () we find the solution φn of () in the
form

x x x
sin A cos nx  cos sin
1 2 2 dx    1 2 I  x
n  x    2  cos x  u
cos x   cos x
n
 cos x  u 0 2 cos x  u