JAMES STEWART

MATH 202 CALCULUS

(7.2) METRIC VERSION, 8 E
Early Transcendentals
SECTION 7.2
Trigonometric Integrals

Examples: 1- 9

Exercises: 1, 22, 23, 27, 41, 43

 
m n
Strategy for evaluating: sin x cos x dx
where m  0 and n  0 are integers.
If the power of cosine is odd  n  2k  1 , save one Cosine factor.
§ Use cos 2 x  1- sin 2 x to express the remaining factors in terms of sine:

 
2 k 1
sin m
x cos x dx  sin m
x (cos 2
x ) k
cos x dx

  sin m x (1  sin 2 x ) k cos x dx

Then solve either by substitution (u  sin x ) or direct method.

If the power of sine is odd  m  2k  1 , save one sine factor.

§ Use sin 2 x  1- cos 2 x to express the remaining factors in terms of cosine:

 sin x cos n x dx   (sin 2 x )k cos n x sin x dx

2 k 1

  (1  cos 2 x ) k cos n x sin x dx

Then solve either by substitution (u  cos x ) or direct method.

If the powers of both sine and cosine are even, use half-angle identities
sin 2 x  12 (1  cos 2x ); cos 2 x  12 (1  cos 2x )
1
sometimes, it is helpful to use the identity sinx cosx= sin 2x P3
2
Example 1:

 cos
3
Evaluate x dx
Solution

   x cos x dx
3 2
cos x dx cos

  (1  sin x ) cos x dx
2

  (cos x  sin 2 x cos x ) dx

  cos xdx   sin 2 x cos x dx

 sin x  13 sin 3 x  C
  sin x cos x dx
5 2
Example 2 Find
Solution

 sin 5 x cos2 x dx

  sin x cos x sin x dx    sin x  cos x sin x dx

2
4 2 2 2

  (1  cos x ) cos x sin x dx

2 2 2

  1  2cos x  cos x  cos x sin x dx

2 4 2

  cos x sin x dx  2 cos x sin x dx   cos x sin x dx

2 4 6

   cos x   sin x  dx  2 cos x   sin x  dx   cos x   sin x  dx

2 4 6

  sin x cos x dx   cos x  cos x  cos x  C

5 2 1
3
3 2
5
5 1
7
7
 
Example 3: Evaluate 
0
sin 2 x dx

Solution
1  cos  2 x 
Using the half-anlge formula for sin x  2
, we have
2
 
 
 2 (1  cos 2x ) dx
2 1
sin x dx
0 0

 2  x  2 sin 2x 
1 1
0

 12 (  12 sin 2 )  12 (0  12 sin 0)

0
sin 2 x dx  12 
 
2
Exercise 7
Solution
Evaluate 
0
cos 2 x dx

1  cos  2x 
Using the half-anlge formula for cos x  2
, we have
2
 

0
2 cos 2 x dx 
 12 2 (1  cos 2x ) dx
0

 12 (x  12 sin 2x )  2
0

1  1
 2
2
 1
2
sin


    2 0  12 sin 0 


0
2 cos 2 x dx 
4
Example 4 Find  sin 4 x dx

Solution

 
sin 4 x dx  (sin 2 x )2 dx
2
 1  cos 2x 
 
  2 

dx

 1
4  (1  2cos 2x  cos 2 2x ) dx

 1
4  1  2cos 2x  1
2
(1  cos 4x )  dx

 1
4    2cos 2x 
3
2
1
2
cos 4x  dx
 sin 4 x dx  1 3
4 2 
x 
 sin 2x  81 sin 4x  C
 
Example 5 Evaluate tan 6 x sec 4 x dx

Solution Since power of secant is even, we save a factor of sec2 x

and change the remaining in terms of tanx, using sec2 x  1  tan 2 x

 
tan 6 x sec4 x dx  tan 6 x sec2 x sec2 x dx


 tan 6 x (1  tan 2 x ) sec2 x dx

  tan 6

x sec2 x dx  tan8 x sec2 x dx

 tan 6 x sec4 x dx  17 tan 7 x  19 tan 9 x  C

 
Example 6 Find tan  sec  d 
5 7

Solution Since the power of tangent is odd, we save a factor of sec x tan x
and change the remaining in terms of secx, using tan 2 x  sec2 x  1, then

 
tan 5  sec7   tan 4  sec6   sec  tan   d 

 tan  sec    tan   sec  sec tan  d 

2
5 7 2 6

  (sec   1) sec   sec  tan   d 

2 2 6

  (sec   2sec   1)sec   sec  tan   d 

4 2 6

  sec   sec  tan   d   2 sec   sec  tan   d 

10 8

  sec   sec  tan   d 

6

         
5 7 1 11 2 9 1 7
tan sec sec
11
sec 9
sec 7
C
 
3
Example 7: Find tan x dx

Solution

 
tan 3 x dx  tan x tan 2 x dx

  tan x (sec x  1) dx
2

  tan x sec x dx   tan x dx

2

tan 2 x
  ln | sec x |  C
2
Example 8: Find  sec 3 x dx
Solution  
sec3 x dx = sec x sec 2 x dx

Let u  sec x dv  sec 2 x dx

du  sec x tan x dx v  tan x

 
then sec3 x dx  u dv  u v  v du 
 sec x tan x    tan x sec x tan x dx 
 sec x tan x   tan x sec x dx
2

 sec x tan x   (sec x  1) sec x dx

2

 sec x tan x   sec x dx   sec x dx

3

2  sec x dx  sec x tan x  ln sec x  tan x  C

3

 sec x dx  2 sec x tan x  ln sec x  tan x  C 

3 1
 sin A cos B  12 sin(A  B )  sin(A  B )

sin A sin B  12  cos(A  B )  cos(A  B ) 

cos A cos B  12  cos(A  B )  cos(A  B ) 


Example 9 Evaluate sin 4x cos5x dx
Solution
 sin 4x cos5x dx   1
2 sin(x )  sin 9x dx

 12 ( sin x  sin 9x ) dx

 12 (cos x  19 cos9x )  C
 
Exercise 1: Find sin 3x cos 2 x dx
Solution

 
sin 3 x cos 2 x dx  sin 2 x cos 2 x sin x dx

 sin dx   (1  cos x ) cos x sin x dx

3
x cos 2 x 2 2

  cos x sin x dx   cos x sin x dx

2 4

   cos x   sin x  dx   cos x   sin x  dx

2 4

 sin 3 x cos 2 x dx   13 cos3 x  15 cos5 x  C

 
Exercise 22 Evaluate tan 2 x sec 4 x dx
Solution

 
tan 2 x sec4 x dx  tan 2 x sec2 x sec2 x dx


 tan 2 x (1  tan 2 x ) sec2 x dx

  tan 2

x sec2 x dx  tan 4 x sec2 x dx

 tan 2 x sec4 x dx  13 tan 3 x  15 tan 5 x  C

Exercise 23 Evaluate  tan 2 x dx
Solution

 tan 2 x dx   
sec2 x  1 dx

  sec 2

x dx  dx

 tan 2 dx  tan x  x  C
Exercise 27 Evaluate  tan 3x sec x dx
Solution

 
tan 3 x sec x dx  tan 2 x sec x tan x dx

  (sec x  1) sec x tan x dx

2

  sec x  sec x tan x  dx   sec x tan x dx

2

 tan 3 x sec x dx  13 sec3 x  sec x  C

Exercise 41 Evaluate  sin8x cos5x dx

Solution

 sin 8x cos5x dx   1
2
sin(3x )  sin 13x   dx

 1 1 
   cos  3x   cos 13x 
1
2
 3 13 
1 1
  cos  3x   cos 13x   C
6 26
 
2
Exercise 43
Evaluate  cos t  cos  2t dt
0
 
2 2
Solution
 
1
cos t  cos  2t  dt  cos  t   cos  3t   dt
2 
0 0

2


1
 cos t   cos  3t   dt
2  
0

1 1 2
 sin t   sin  3t  
2 3 0
1    1  3 
 sin    sin  
2 2 6  2 
1 1 1 1 1
 1   1   
2 6 2 6 3