ANIMAL HUSBANDRY + Animal husbendry is agricultural practice of breeding are raising livestoch » LIVESTOCK: These are domesticated animals especially farm enimials that are kept for use and profit. * Most important livestock of India are cow & buffaloes (MURRAH breed) * More than 70% of world ivestock population is present in India'and China * The contribution of India to the world farm produce is 25% ie, productivity per uni is very low. « NDRI (Nationa! Dairy Research Institute) - established during firet§ years pian at Kama’ (Haryana) + NODE {Natural Dairy Development Board) + WHITE REVOLUTION - for the production of milk and its products Father of white revolution - Dr. VARGHESE KURIAN + GREEN REVOLUTION - for the production of agricultural crops ike wheat, rice Father of green revolution in the world: Norman .£., Borlaug (American agronomist got Nobe! peace prize in 1970) « FATHER OF GREEN REVELUTION IN INDIA: Dr. M.S, SWAMINATHAN + BLUE REVOLUTION : For the production of fish and its products + SILVER REVOLUTION : for the production of egg + YELLOW REVOLUTION : for the production of of rich seed + GOLDEN REVOLUTION: for the production of fruits » BROWN REVOLUTION: for the production of eather product 1, DAIRYING OR DAIRY MANAGEMENT Its the rearing and menegement ot catties for milk and is products for human consumption. + BREED: These are a group of animals related by descend and similar in most characters Ikke general appearance, size features etc. + COW BREEDS - 2 TYPES A. INDIGENOUS BREEDS : Native breeds Itis of 3 types a) Milch Breed : These are high milk yielding breeds 1, VECHOOR BREED - Kerala - Shortest cow breed in world 2. RED SINDI - Andhra Predesh 3. SABIWAL - Panjab 4. GIR- Gujarat b) Draught breed : Used for transportation 4. MALVI 2. NAGERI ©) Generel utility breed: used for both milk production and transportation 1, ONGOLE 2. KANKREJ 3. DANG! 4 THAR PARKER,B. EXOTIC BREED - Imported breed 1. JERSEY- England 2. SWISS BROWN - Switzertand 3. RED DANE — Denmark 4, HOLSTEIN - FREISIAN (HF) - highest milk yielding breed in the world from Holland laverage milk prod: 40-45/ L day.] » CATTLE FEED: 4, ROUGHAGE - It generally contains high fibre like hay legumes etc, 2. CONCENTRATE - It contains low fibres and have high nutrient value It includes maize, oats, seed etc. 3. FISH MEAL - lis produced from non - edible part cfiishes tke fins, etc Itis a rich source of PROTEIN for cattle and pouttry. CATTLE DISEASES 1. ANTHRAX - Bacillus Anthracis 2. FOOT & MOUTH DISEASE - Aphtho virus 3. RINDERPEST - Morbi virus 4, TICK FEVER - Babesia 5. MASTITIS - Coryne bacterium 6, BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPH ALOPATHY (BSEVMAD COW DISEASE - PRION DISEASE (infective proteins) » DICUMEROL : Naturally occurring anticoagulant in plant leaf, that leads to Vit. K deficiency and prolonged bleeding in cates. Il. POULTRY. + his the rearing and management of domestic fow! for meat and egg. + Poultry typically includes chicken, duck, geese, turkey et. BOILER - These are meat yielding birds. LAYERS - These are egg laying birds « CULLING - Separation and elimination of sick and non-productive birds. » EXOTIC BREEDS + POULTRY DISEASES White Leg horn — Italy HSN1 - AVIAN FLU ‘Sussex — England ‘New castle Disease - In India it is called RANIKHET DISEASE - Paramyxo virus Minorca Hea — Spain COCCIDIOSIS - Coocidia Rhod stand Red — USA FOWL CHOLERA - Pasturelia Plymouth rock breed — USA ASPERGILLOSIS — Aspergillus New Hampshire ~ USA Il, AQUA CUTURE » itis the rearing and management of pisces, shell fishes like molluca, prawn, erab etc, and useful plants in aquatic medium. » PISCICULTURE: It is the rearing and management of fishes in aquatic body under controlled conditionA. FRESH WATER FISHES B. MARICULTURE : It is the rearing and menagement of fishes in marine habitat + LABEO ROHITA - Rohu eg: SARDINE « CATLA « MACKEREL - National fish of india + CYPRINUS CARPIO - Carp + POMFRET + CLARIAS (MAGUR) - Cat Fish “HILSA 1V, SERICULTURE Itis the rearing and management of silkworm for silk. Major species used is BOMBYX MORI (Malberry silk worm) V.APICULTURE / Bee Keeping * Itis the maintenance of hive of honeybee for the production of honey and bee wax. It has been an age old cottage industry. Honey is the food of high nutritive value and alse find use in indigenous system of medicine. * Honeybees are the pollinators of many crop species like apple, pear, sunflower, brassica ele. * Bee wax is used in the industry ke preparation of cosmetics, polishes etc. ‘There are several species of honey bees which can be reared. ie 1. APIS INDICA - Indian Bee - itis the most common species of honey bee in India, can be reared in artificial hives. 2 APIS DORSATA — Rock bee (ferocious bes) 3- APIS FLOREA - Little bee 4, APIS MELLIFERA - italian bee / European bee (EXOTIC) HONEY BEE POLYMORPHISM: There are 3 types of individuals: 1. QUEEN : The are diploid fertile female ‘ They are responsible for only laying eggs. + Ineach season, they lay up to 2000 eggs + Queen copulate only once in their life (2. WORKERS: These are dipioid secrete female, + These are smallest members of colony developed from fertilised egg 3.DRONES : These are haploid fertile male that are developed from unfertiised ogg by parthenogenesis. COMMUNICATION OF HONEYBEE “+ VON FREISCH got Nobel Prize 1973 for decoding honey bee communication language. + BEE DANCE are of 2 types. 4, ROUND DANCE : Itis performed by worker bees when the source of food materiel is within 70m 2. _TAILWAGGING DANCE : Itis performed when the food is more than 70m away. BEE WAX : It is secreted from eiaht wax secreting gland in the abdominal segment of worker bee , ROYAL JELLY: Itis the digested honey and pollen mixed with glandular secretion» ANIMAL BREEDING « Bresding of animal is an important aspect of animal husbandry. Anime! breeding aims at increasing the yield of animals and desirable qualities. + Animal breeding is of 2 types 1, NATURAL BREEDING 2 ARTIFICIAL BREEDING LNATURAL BREEDING : It is of 2 types : A) INBREEDING 8) OUT BREEDING. ‘Allo breeding : It is the mating of two more closely related individuals within the same breed for 4-6 generations, » MERIT OF ING: 1. Itinereases homozygosity or pure-tine varieties. 2. 4thelps in the accumulation of superior genes and stimination of toss desirable genes. « DEMERIT OF INBREEDING 1, Inbreeding Depression: Continuous inbreeding reduces fertility and productivity of a breed is called inbreeding depression. * Assingle outcross helps to overcome inbreeding depression. B) Outbreeding : It is of 3 types a) Outcrossing : It is the mating of animals within the same breed but having no common ancestry on either side of pedigree upto 4-6 generation b) Gross breeding : It is the mating of superior male of one breed with superior female of another breed. eg: HISARDALE ftis-e high wool yielding sheep developed in PUNJAB by crossing BIKANER! EWE and MARINO RAM. ©) Inter specific hybridisation: In this method male and female animals of two different relaied species are mated. progeny obtained from interspecific hybridisation is called HYBRID eg. MULE - MALE DONKEY x FEMALE HORSE. IL ARTIFICIAL BREEDING : Itis of 2 types 2) Artificial Insemination (Al) : in this semen is collected from the male that is chosen as a _parent and injected into the reproductive tract of the selected female The sperm for Al can be stored in Liquid Nitrogen at - 196°C for years. B) MOET (Muttiple ovulation and Embryo Transfer method) * In this method, a superior cow injected hormone with FSH like activity to induce follicular maturation and super ovulation, ie, instead of one egg. they produce 6-8 eggs. This animal is mated with an elite bull or artificially inseminated. The fertilised egg at 8-32 blastomere stage are recovered non surgically and transferred into surrogate mother. The genetic mother is available for another round of super ovulation. EREE MARTIN: It is the formation of sterile female in the case of twin calf with one male and ‘one femate, + The hormone STILBESTROL used induce location in sterile cow + KASHMIRI PASHMINA : Itis a fine type of wool obtained from Kashmiri goat. + ANGORA WOOL : Obiained from Angora rabbit + HETEROSIS/HYBRID VIGOUR: Il is the superiority of off sprinas over their parents.ANIMAL BREEDING | NATURAL BREEDING I aeeane OUT BREEDING Seme breed Common ancestry Upto 4-6 generation ARTIFICIAL BREEDING » MOET [Multiple Ovulation femen for ai Inject FSH + Supericr female Stored in + Liquid N2 at ~ 396% Produce 68 eges ~ Super ovulation Mate with an elite bil/At + 2yepte > 8-52 Blastomere stage Transfer into surrogate mother CROSS BREEDING OUT CROSSING Two different breed. INTER ~ SPECIFIC HYBRIDISATION ‘seme breed Ep. HISARDALE (Woo! sheep) ‘Two related species No common ancestry [PUNIA8) oy Se feet Upto 4-6 generation Bikeneri ewe (f) KINNY =m, horse x f donkey rf UGER- m.lion xf tiger Marino Ram TIGON~m. tiger xf on ‘Sunandini—Keraia Karan Swiss— Sahiwal Brown Swiss [NDRI]