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Summarize of Types of Materials, Properties of Engineering Materials and Ferrous Metal

Name : Andi Jeremia T. T. Mochtar

NIM : 19024132
Class : Informatics Engineering 3
Semester :2

 Types of material
1. Rubber
An eraser is made of rubber. Rubber
is an engineering material. If you bend it
between your fingers it changes shape.
When you release it, it regains its original
shape. Rubber is very elastic. Elasticity is a
property of some engineering materials.

2. Glass
If you hit a piece of glass it breaks.
Glass is very brittle. Brittleness is a property
of glass. Nails are made of tough material. If
you hit one with a hammer it doesn’t break

3. Copper
Electrical wires are covered with plastic.
Plastic is a bad conductor of electricity. If
you touch the plastic you don’t receive an
electric shock. The wire is made of copper. It
a good conductor of electricity.
Plastic, however, is an insulator. Copper is
also a good conductor of heat.

4. Aluminum
You cannot scratch glass easily. However, if you scratch an
aluminum saucepan with a nail it leaves a mark. Glass is a
hard material
but aluminum is quite soft.
 Properties of Engineering Materials

Divided to foruth point :

1. Malleability : It is easy to roll a malleable material into a new shape. A malleable material
does not fracture easily under pressure. Gold is
Engineering Material 43 extremely malleable. It is
possible to roll gold into very thin sheets. Copper is
very malleable and so is lead. Glass is not at all
malleable and nor is cast iron. It is very easy to
fracture glass with a hammer. Cast iron also fractures
easily.

2. Ductility : It is easy to draw a ductile material. It does not

fracture and it retains its new shape. Copper is extremely
ductile. Tin is very ductile and so is aluminum. Steel is not
very ductile and nor is lead. It is very difficult to draw lead
into thin wire because it fractures easily.

3. Elasticity. An elastic material stretches easily under stress. However, remove the stress and
it does not retain its new shape. It regains its original shape.
Rubber is extremely elastic. Some steels are quite elastic. Glass is
not at all elastic and nor is cast iron.

4. Durability: A durable material does not corrode easily. Under

normal conditions, glass is very durable and so are plastics.
Among the metals, chromium is extremely durable and so is
platinum. Gold is quite durable and so is aluminum. Cast iron is
not very durable and nor is steel.
 Ferrous Metal

Bolts are made of mild steel, which is a type of

ferrous metal. All ferrous metals contain iron.
All steels contain iron and a small quantity of
carbo. If the quantity of carbon changes the
properties of the steel change. Look at this
table. It shows the quantities of carbon in
different types of steel.

Approximate
Carbon content
Wrought iron 0.05 %
Mild steel 0.08 % - 0.25 %
Medium carbon steel 0.25% - 0.65%
High carbon steel 0.65% - 1.5%
Tool steel 1.05%

Wrought iron is weaker than mild steel and it is more expensive to produce. However, it is very
tough and therefore used for making crane hooks. Mild steel is less expensive than wrought iron
because it is easier to produce. It is used in the manufacture of girders and nuts and bolts.
Medium carbon steel contains more carbon than mild steel and is tougher and harder. It is also
more expensive to produce.

It is used for making screwdrivers, spanners, hammerheads, etc. High carbon steel contains
more carbon than medium carbon steel and is, therefore, harder and tougher. It is used in the
manufacture of knives, ax-heads and other cutting tools. Some high-speed drill bits, which are
very hard, are made of tool steel which contains tungsten. Tool steel is more expensive than the
other steels.