Name : OSWAL JOAN PINATIK

NIM : 19024081
Class : 2 TI 3

Engglish assingments
*Input Devices.
Keyboard
There is nothing daunting about the keyboard. Computer keyboards are usually laid out in the
same way as typewriter keyboards, plus a few extra keys that have special functions. Typing
skills are essential if you wish to use a computer efficiently. For the non-typist there are a
number of tutorial programs available to help you improve your keyboard skills.

*Mouse
Modern personal computers are equipped with a mouse, technically known as a pointing device.
The mouse is used to control the position of the cursor on the screen and to initiate actions to be
carried out by the computer. The mouse is attached to the computer by a cable and sits on a mat
that has the function of providing better traction for the ball located inside the mouse.

*Processing device.
Central Processing Unit
The heart of every computer is the Central Processing Unit , the computer's «brain». In a modern
computer the CPU is a single microchip. The CPU is often referred to as the central processor,
microprocessor or - more commonly -just processor.
The important thing that you need to know about your computer is how fast its processor runs, as
this determines whether a particular piece of software will run on your computer.The speed at
which your processor runs is usually referred to as its clock speed. You will usually find a
processor's speed described as a measurement abbreviated to MHz. The abbreviation MHz stands
for MegaHertz, a unit of measurement of the computer's clock speed, which need not concern the
non-specialist.

*RAM and ROM

RAM: Inside the main casing of the computer are a number of microchips containing the
computer's memory, which is usually referred to as RAM . RAM is a sort of working area in
which the computer stores the programs it runs, performs its calculations and stores intermediate
results. RAM is emptied the moment the computer is switched off. The important thing that you
need to know is how much RAM your computer has, as this determines whether a particular
piece of software will run on your computer.
RAM is measured in bytes. One byte can store one letter of the alphabet or one punctuation mark
or one digit. For convenience, we usually measure memory in kilobytes , megabytes or gigabytes
. Kilobyte, megabyte and gigabyte are normally abbreviated to K, MB and GB respectively.
500MB of RAM is considered adequate these days, although 1GB or higher is preferable if you
wish to make use of audio and video material. See Glossary under the entry Measurement Units.
ROM: Key programs that enable the computer to operate are stored in another set of microchips
known as ROM .

*Graphics card

The term card in this context is jargon for an electronic circuit board. You will not be able to see
the graphics card from outside the computer. All that is visible is the rear of the card is the socket
into which you plug the monitor. It is important to know what kind of graphics card your
computer is equipped with, as this affects what the monitor can display, i.e. the quality or
resolution of its output. When you purchase software make sure that your computer has a
graphics card that is compatible with the software you wish to use. Some software, e.g. computer
games, will only work on computers equipped with cards with high specifications.
Graphics cards control the resolution of the text, pictures and video that appear on the screen.
The resolution is determined by the number of small discrete dots, technically known as pixels ,
that make up the picture on your screen and therefore its definition or clarity. CALL software
often requires a card that can display colour photographs and movies. It is therefore important
that your graphics card can display a large number of different colours. You may need to adjust
the resolution of what is displayed on your computer screen. Most modern graphics cards are
accompanied by software that enables you to control the resolution of the display screen
according to the software that you are using.

*Output device.
-The monitor or display screen
This displays what is going on inside the computer and whatever you type at the keyboard.

*Printer
Nowadays most people use ink-jet printers. These printers can produce output in any language or
alphabet and also produce graphics in full colour. You may also find laser printers in your
institution. These are normally used for producing high-quality text and graphics and they will
output more pages per minute than ink-jet printers. Laser printers are better suited to outputting
large documents in black and white.
Printers need cartridges that contain the ink, and these need to be renewed regularly.

*Loudspeakers / Headphones
Loudspeakers or headphones are essential for listening to sound recordings. When purchasing
speakers it is worthwhile checking that they have their own inbuilt amplification system. The
sound level of all speakers or headphones can be controlled under the Windows operating
system, but good speakers have a volume control knob that also enables the user to adjust the
volume manually.

*Microphone
The importance of selecting the right kind of microphone is often not appreciated by ICT
technicians. For good quality sound recordings the language teacher needs a 600 Ohm low
impedance microphone with a 3.5 mm jack plug, as used in many popular audiocassette
recorders. Alternatively, microphones are available that plug into your computer's USB port.
A dynamic microphone is satisfactory but provides a softer signal than a condenser microphone .
Dynamic microphones will work with most soundcards, but condenser microphones work only
with soundcards that can provide power to the microphone. Using the wrong kind of microphone
is one of the commonest reasons for failing to get multimedia software to work properly.
The level of the input signal to the microphone can be controlled under the Windows operating
system.

*Webcam
A webcam is a type of video camera connected to a computer that enables it to transmit images
and videos to the Internet. For example, webcams can be set to transmit a live picture every few
minutes from a location to a website, displaying a live view of a landscape, cityscape or interior
of a building.