Muhammad Rifqi Fauzan N.

G1A016010

Inhibition Classification Antibiotics Activity Clinical Uses Adverse Effects

Cell Wall Beta Penicillins Ampicillin Broad spectrum Susceptible Hypersensitivity,
Synthesis Lacta infections, UTIs, nausea,
m meningitis vomiting,
diarrhoea,
rashes, sore
mouth
Amoxicillin UTIs, sinusitis, Nausea,
otitis, lower vomiting,
respiratory tract diarrhoea, black
infections hairy tongue,
serum sickness-
like reactions
Dicloxacillin Resistant Staphylococcal Hypersensitivity
Staphylococcus infections reactions (e.g.
resistant to urticaria, fever,
benzylpenicillin joint pains,
rashes,
angioedema,
serum sickness-
like reactions)
Cephalosporins 1st Cefazolin Gram-positive cocci Susceptible Diarrhoea, oral
Gen infections, Acute candidiasis,
uncomplicated vomiting,
UTI, Prophylaxis nausea, stomach
of surgical cramps,
infections anorexia
Cefadroxil Skin and skin Dyspepsia,
structure nausea,
infections, vomiting,
Streptococcal diarrhoea;
pharyngitis allergies
 Muhammad Rifqi Fauzan N.
G1A016010

2nd Cefaclor Anaerobes Otitis media, GI effects (e.g.

Gen Respiratory tract diarrhoea,
infections, Skin nausea,
infections, Soft vomiting),
tissue infections, headache, rash
Urinary tract
infections
Cefamandole Susceptible Nausea;
infections, vomiting;
Surgical diarrhoea;
prophylaxis hypersensitivity
reactions;
nephrotoxicity;
convulsions
3rd Ceftriaxone Expanded gram- Susceptible Diarrhoea,
Gen negative coverage infections, nausea,
Surgical vomiting;
prophylaxis, neutropenia,
Uncomplicated eosinophilia,
gonorrhoea anaemia
Cefixime Susceptible Encephalopathy
infections including
convulsions,
confusion,
impaired
consciousness,
and movement
disorders
4th Cefepime P aeruginosa, Empiric therapy Nausea,
Gen Enterobacteriaceae for febrile vomiting, local
, S. aureus, S. neutropenic reactions,
pneumoniae patients neutropenia
5th Ceftaroline Multiresistant Community- Superinfections,
 Muhammad Rifqi Fauzan N.
G1A016010

Gen bacteria acquired seizures, risk of

pneumonia, haemolytic
Complicated skin anaemia
and skin
structure
infections
Carbapenems Meropenem Gram (+) and Gram Meningitis; GI effects (e.g.
(-) Bacteria Cystic fibrosis; diarrhoea,
Skin and skin nausea,
structure vomiting,
infections; Intra- constipation),
abdominal local reactions
infections (e.g. pain and
inflammation at
inj site, phlebitis
or
thrombophlebitis
)
Monobactams Aztreonam Aerobic gram- Bone and joint Cough, nasal
negative rods infections; Intra- congestion,
abdominal fever, wheezing,
infections; Lower bronchospasm
resp tract
infections;
Meningitis;
Pelvic infections;
Septicaemia;
Skin and soft
tissue infections
Beta lactamase inhibitors Clavulanic Acid Bacterial beta- Resp tract Diarrhoea/loose
lactamases infections; stools, vomiting,
Infected animal urticaria,
bites; Melioidosis vaginitis
 Muhammad Rifqi Fauzan N.
G1A016010

No Glycopeptides Vancomycin Gram-positive Clostridium Diarrhoea,

Lacta bacteria difficile- flushing of the
m associated upper body (red
diarrhoea and man or red neck
colitis syndrome),
anaphylaxis
Teicoplanin Prophylaxis of Fever, chills,
Gram-positive allergic
infection in high- reactions, GI
risk patients disturbances,
undergoing headache,
surgery dizziness
Protein 30s Aminoglycosides Gentamicin Gram-negative Superficial Nephrotoxicity,
Synthesis bacteria ophthalmic neurotoxicity,
infections, Otitis anemia, purpura,
externa, UTIs fever
Streptomycin Bacterial Neurotoxic
endocarditis, reactions
Tuberculosis,
Bacteraemia,
Meningitis,
Pneumonia,
Tetracyclins Doxycycline Broad-spectrum Sexually Microbial
bacteriostatic transmitted overgrowth
diseases; including fungi,
Uncomplicated pseudo-
gonorrhoea; membranous
Syphilis; colitis,
Chloroquine oesophagitis,
resistant oesophageal
falciparum ulceration
malaria acute
attack
 Muhammad Rifqi Fauzan N.
G1A016010

Tetracyclin Acne, syphillis, GI disturbances

gonorrhoea, (e.g. nausea,
brucellosis vomiting,
diarrhoea),
oesophageal
ulceration,
permanent teeth
discolouration
50s Cloramphenicol Cloramphenicol Bacteriostatic Ocular GI symptoms;
infections, Otitis bleeding;
externa peripheral and
optic neuritis,
visual
impairment,
blindness
Macrolides Erythromycin Gram-positives and Resp tract Abdominal pain
Atypical infections; Skin and cramping,
pneumonias and soft tissue nausea,
infections; vomiting,
Susceptible diarrhoea,
infections stomatitis
Azithromycin Chlamydia Myasthenia
trachomatis gravis, Deafness
infection,
Community-
acquired
pneumonia
Lincosamides Clindamycin Bacteriostatic Bacterial Nausea,
vaginosis, Acne vomiting,
abdominal pain
or cramps, taste
disturbances
DNA Fluorquinolones Ciprofloxacin gram-positive and Upper and lower Irreversible
 Muhammad Rifqi Fauzan N.
G1A016010

Topoisomerase gram-negative respiratory tract tendinitis, tendon

s bacteria infections, Skin rupture,
and soft tissue peripheral
infections neuropathy
Levofloxacin Acute bacterial GI effects,
exacerbation of headache,
chronic insomnia,
bronchitis dizziness
Quinolones Nalidixic Acid UTIs, bacterial Uncomplicated Nausea,
diarrhea lower urinary vomiting,
tract infections, diarrhoea,
Shigellosis abdominal pain
Folic Acid Sulfonamides Sulfamethoxazol Gram-positive, Urinary tract Nausea,
Synthesis e gram-negative infections, Otitis vomiting,
bacteria, some media, anorexia,
protozoa, enteric diarrhoea
Sulfasalazine bacteria Inflammatory Headache,
bowel disease, anorexia,
RA nausea, vomiting
DHFR Inhibitors Trimethroprim Susceptible Urinary tract Rash, fever,
bacteria infections, bone marrow
toxoplasmosis, suppression,
nocardiosis hyperkalemia
DNA (damage) Metronidazole Anaerob, parasites Anaerobic Severe
bacterial neurological
infections, disturbances,
Giardiasis, encephalopathy
amoebiasis
mRNA synthesis Rifampin Susceptible Tuberculosis Facial flushing
bacteria and and itching, flu-
mycobacteria like syndrome