How the birds fly?

Many species of birds migrate thousands of kilometers every year. Migration is

driven mostly by weather and the availability of food. 
 
In the springtime, birds migrate to temperate regions, where food is plentiful and
birds may safely create nests. In autumn, birds migrate to warmer latitudes, following
their food sources and more comfortable weather patterns. In the Northern
Hemisphere, birds generally fly south for the winter. In the Southern Hemisphere,
they generally fly north for the winter.
 
The flight paths used by birds in their annual migrations are called flyways. Many
researches said that birds were flied by using their neurological function with the help
of surrounding sounds.
 
Scientists are not entirely sure how birds navigate their flyways. They seem to have
an internal global positioning system (GPS) that allows them to follow the same
pattern every year. A young bird imprints on the sun and stars to help orient it. Some
researchers think a bird may also recognize landmarks.
 
Individual organs also contribute to a bird’s remarkable navigational ability. A bird’s
eyes interact with its brain in a region called “cluster N”, which probably helps the
bird determine which way is north. Tiny amounts of iron in the neurons of a bird’s
inner ear also help in this determination. 
 
Most surprisingly, a bird’s beak helps contribute to its navigational ability. The beak
helps birds determine their exact position. Some researchers think a bird can smell
its way across a flyway. This “olfactory map” would orient a bird
to terrain and topography. The trigeminal nerve, which connects a bird’s beak to its
brain, may also help a bird assess its exact location. Researchers think the
trigeminal nerve may help birds evaluate the strength of the Earth’s magnetic field,
which is stronger at the poles and weaker at the Equator.
 
Think about the way a bird’s physiology contributes to its ability to navigate