8/15/2020 Perianth - Wikipedia

Perianth
The perianth (perigonium, perigon or perigone)
is the non-reproductive part of the flower, and structure
that forms an envelope surrounding the sexual organs,
consisting of the calyx (sepals) and the corolla (petals).
The term perianth is derived from the Greek περί, peri,
meaning around, and άνθος, anthos, meaning flower,
while perigonium is derived from gonos, meaning seed,
i.e. sexual organs. In the mosses and liverworts
(Marchantiophyta), the perianth is the sterile tubelike
tissue that surrounds the female reproductive structure
(or developing sporophyte). Diagram showing the parts of a mature flower. In
this example the perianth is separated into a calyx
(sepals) and corolla (petals)

Contents
Flowering plants
Corona
Bibliography
References
External links

Flowering plants
In flowering plants, the perianth may be described as being either
dichlamydeous/heterochlamydeous in which the calyx and corolla are clearly separate, or
homochlamydeous, in which they are indistinguishable (and the sepals and petals are collectively
referred to as tepals). When the perianth is in two whorls, it is described as biseriate. While the calyx
may be green, known as sepaloid, it may also be brightly coloured, and is then described as petaloid.
When the undifferentiated tepals resemble petals, they are also referred to as "petaloid", as in petaloid
monocots, orders of monocots with brightly coloured tepals. Since they include Liliales, an alternative
name is lilioid monocots. The corolla and petals have a role in attracting pollinators, but this may be
augmented by more specialised structures like the corona (see below).

When the corolla consists of separate tepals the term apotepalous is used, or syntepalous if the tepals
are fused to one another. The petals may be united to form a tubular corolla (gamopetalous or
sympetalous). If either the petals or sepals are entirely absent, the perianth can be described as being
monochlamydeous.

Types of perianth

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Achlamydeous floral meristem without a Monochlamydeous perianth with non-

corolla or calyx petaloid calyx only

Monochlamydeous perianth with corolla Dichlamydeous/heterochlamydeous

only or homochlamydeous perigonium perianth with separate whorls
with tepals

Both sepals and petals may have stomata and veins, even if vestigial. In some taxa, for instance some
magnolias and water lilies, the perianth is arranged in a spiral on nodes, rather than whorls. Flowers
with spiral perianths tend to also be those with undifferentiated perianths.

Corona

An additional structure in some plants (e.g. Narcissus, Passiflora (passion flower), some Hippeastrum,
Liliaceae) is the corona (paraperigonium, paraperigon, or paracorolla), a ring or set of appendages of
adaxial tissue arising from the corolla or the outer edge of the stamens. It is often positioned where the
corolla lobes arise from the corolla tube.[1]

The pappus of Asteraceae, considered to be a modified calyx, is also called a corona if it is shaped like a
crown.[1]

Bibliography

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Simpson, Michael G. (2011). Plant Systematics (https://books.go

ogle.com/books?id=Ia2eIPVksMMC). Academic Press. ISBN 0-
08-051404-9. Retrieved 12 February 2014.

References
1. Beentje, H.; Williamson, J. (2010). The Kew Plant Glossary: an
Illustrated Dictionary of Plant Terms. Royal Botanic Gardens,
Kew: Kew Publishing.
Flower of Narcissus showing an
outer white corolla with a central
External links yellow corona (paraperigonium)

The dictionary definition of perianth at Wiktionary

Flower of Passiflora incarnata

showing corona of fine appendages
between petals and stamens

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Ligulate floret, typical for some

members of the family Asteraceae:
A. inferior ovary
B. The calyx is a crown-shaped
pappus, called a corona.
C. Anthers are united in a tube
around the style, though the
filaments are separate.
D. A ligulate petal extends from the
tubular corolla.
E. style and stigmas

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