Training Module On Horticulture Gardening

ÒD`¨vbZvwZ¡K dmj (dj) Drcv`b Kjv‡KŠkjÓ welqK
cÖwk¶Y gwWDj
cÖK‡íi cUf~wg t
wm‡jU wefvM MÖvgxY G¨vK‡mm moK Dbœqb cÖKíwU (RARIP) MYcÖRvZš¿x
evsjv‡`k miKvi KZ©„K Aby‡gvw`Z ¯’vbxq miKvi cÖ‡KŠkj Awa`ßi (LGED) Gi
GKwU cÖKí| D³ cÖKíwU BmjvwgK †W‡fjc‡g›U e¨vsK (IsDB) Ges evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii
†hŠ_ Askx`vix‡Z¡ ev¯ÍevwqZ n‡”Q| cÖKíwU evsjv‡`‡ki DËi-c~e©vÂjxq nvIi †ewóZ
wm‡jU wefv‡Mi 4wU †Rjvq ev¯Íevqb Kiv n‡”Q| †Rjv¸‡jv n‡”Q- wm‡jU, mybvgMÄ,
†gŠjwfevRvi I nweMÄ| cÖKíwU XvKv¯’ GjwRBwW †nW †KvqvU©vi KZ©„K
wb‡qvMK…Z GKwU `ÿ ÒcÖKí eë¯’vcbv BDwbU (PMU)Ó Gi ZZ¡veav‡b cwiPvwjZ
n‡”Q- hvi cÖavb n‡jb GKRb cÖKí cwiPvjK| cÖK‡íi mKj cÖKvi e¨q BmjvgxK
‡W‡fjc‡g›U e¨vsK cÖwKDi‡g›U MvBWjvBb AbymiY K‡i cwiPvwjZ n‡e| cvkvcvwk
mKj AeKvVv‡gvMZ Dbœqb Kvh©vejx msMwVZ n‡e AvBGmwWweÕi cÖwKDi‡g›U
cwjwm AbymiYc~e©K RvZxq ch©v‡q ìcÎ cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi gva¨‡g wbe©vwPZ
¯’vbxq ch©v‡qi AwaK †hvM¨ K›Uªv±i Øviv| iv¯Ívi av‡i e„ÿ‡ivcb I cwiPh©v Ges
gvwU KvuUvi KvRwU ¯’vbxq RbmvaviY Ges bvix kÖwgK wVKv`vix msMVb (LCS)
Gi AskMÖn‡b ev¯ÍevwqZ n‡e|
cÖKí GjvKvi Z…Yg~j ch©v‡qi Drcv`bKvix, nvIi GjvKvq emevmiZ `vwi`ª¨ gwnjv Ges
ÿz`ª c~uwRi eëmvqx, f~wgnxb Rb‡Mvôx Ges ÿz`ª Pvlx I Zv‡ì cwiev‡ii Avq I Drcv`b
e„w×i j‡ÿ¨ G cÖKí eûg~Lx Kvh©µg ev¯Íevq‡bi D‡`¨vM MÖnb Ki‡e| `vwi`ªZv
n«vmKiY, A_©‰bwZK I mvgvwRK Dbœqb Ges RxweKvq‡bi bvbvg~Lx †ÿÎ m„wó‡Z
cÖZ¨ÿ I c‡ivÿ f~wgKv ivL‡e|
MÖvgxY I BDwbqb ch©v‡qi nvU-evRvi n‡”Q G cÖK‡íi g~j Dcv`vb ev †K›`ªwe›`y|
MÖvgxY nvU-evRvi‡K †K›`ª K‡i Drcv`b I Avq e„w×, ÿz`ª wkí D‡`¨vM, Drcvw`Z dmj
I cY¨ mvgMÖx wecY‡b nvU-evRvi Ges evRvi †bUIqvK© cÖwZôvq nvIi AÂ‡ji
Rb‡Mvôx I cÖwZôvb¸‡jv‡K m¤ú„³ Kiv n‡e hv‡Z K‡i GjvKvi mKj nvU-evRvi cÖK‡íi
DcKvi‡fvMx‡ì RxweKvq‡bi †ÿÎ wnmv‡e f~wgKv ivL‡Z cv‡i| nvU-evRvi n‡”Q
MÖvgxY A_©‰bwZK Kg©PvÂ‡jï cÖvY‡K›`ª| ZvB evRvi‡K A_©‰bwZK I
mvgvwRKfv‡e D¾xweZ K‡i Avq I Kg©-ms¯’v‡bi Drm wnmv‡e M‡o †Zvjvi j‡ÿ¨
mswkøó mKj e¨w³ ev cÖwZôv‡bi AskMÖn‡bi gva¨‡g GB cÖKí wewfbœ Kvh©µg
ev¯Íevq‡bi cÖqvm †b‡e|
cÖK‡íi jÿ¨ t
wm‡jU wefv‡Mi MÖvgxY moK †hvMv‡hvM AeKvVv‡gvMZ Dbœq‡bi cvkvcvwk
MÖvgxY evRvi eë¯’vcbv KvVv‡gv‡K kw³kvjxKi‡Yi gva¨‡g miKv‡ii `vwi`ª we‡gvPb
jÿ¨gvÎv AR©‡b mn‡hvwMZv Kiv|
cÖK‡íi D‡Ïk¨ t
cÖK‡íi D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv- cÖKí GjvKvi Rbmvavi‡bi Rxebgvb Dbœqb Ges `vwi`ª¨ we‡gvPb|
cÖK‡íi 4 wU mywbw`©ó D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv t
1
1| MÖvgxY Rbmvavi‡bi Rb¨ RvZxq moK †bUIqv‡K©i mv‡_ MÖvgxY moK
AeKvVv‡gv‡K mshy³ K‡i DbœZ †hvMv‡hvM KvVv‡gv M‡o †Zvjv, mvgvwRK A_©
‰bwZK Kg©KvÛmg~n (†hgb- MÖvgxY evRvi, ¯^v¯’¨ †mev‡K›`ª, we`¨vjq cÖf…wZ)
myôz cwiPvjbvq f~wgKv ivLv Ges A_©‰bwZK Kg©Kv‡Ûi my‡hvM m„wó Kiv|
2| †µZv-we‡µZv‡ì myweav‡_© †MÖv_ †m›Uvi AeKvVv‡gv wbg©vY ev Pjgvb
MÖvgxY evRvi †K›`ª‡K Dbœqb Kiv|
3| K…lK MÖæc (Farmers group) MVb K‡i K…lK‡ì mÿgZv e„w×i gva¨‡g Zv‡ì‡K
msMwVZ Kiv Ges Zv‡ì Drcvw`Z K…wl c‡Yï b¨vh¨g~j¨ wbwðZKi‡Yi j‡ÿ¨ wecYb
eë¯’v kw³kvjxKiY Ges wbKU¯’ evRv‡i MÖvgxY K…wlRvZ c‡Yï wecYb‡K
DrmvwnZ Kiv|
4| cÖK‡íi AvIZvaxb wbg©vY KvR ev c~Z©K‡g© MÖvgxY Rbmvavi‡bi e¨vcK
AskMÖn‡bi gva¨‡g Kg©-ms¯’v‡bi my‡hvM
m„wó Kiv|
cÖK‡íi DcKvi‡fvMx/ DwÏó Rb‡Mvôx t
 cÖKí AÂ‡j emevmiZ `vwi`ª¨ cwiev‡ii m`më„›`|
 cÖKí GjvKvi Z…Yg~j ch©v‡qi ÿz`ª K…lK cwievi ev Drcv`bKvix hviv dmj Drcv`b,
nuvm-gyiMx I Mev`x cï cvjb, gvQ Pvl I ÿz`ª AvKv‡i AK…wlLv‡Z m„Rbkxj
Drcv`bg~Lx †Kvb KvR K‡ib Ges ¯’vbxq evRv‡i wecYb K‡ib|
 cÖKí GjvKvi ÿz`ª grm¨Rxwe hv‡ì Av‡qi g~j Drm n‡jv gvQ AvniY I wecYb |
 ¯’vbxq ÿz`ª eëmvqx, ga¨¯’ZvKvix Ges †fv³v/†µZv mvaviY|
 MÖvgxY ¯^vgx cwiZ¨³v/weaev nZ`wi`ª gwnjv/weËnxb gwnjv hviv ‡Kvb bv †Kvb
Drcv`bg~Lx Kv‡Ri mv‡_ RwoZ n‡Z Pvq wKsev ¯’vbxqfv‡e †Kvb wbg©vY Kv‡R
AskMªnb K‡i Kg©ms¯’vb I Avq evov‡Z Pvq|
 kÖwgK wVKv`vix msMVb (Labor Contracting Society)/ gwnjv kÖwgK `j (Crew
Women) hviv iv¯Ív iÿYv‡eÿb I †ivwcZ Mv‡Qi cwiPh©vi mv‡_ RwoZ Av‡Q|
cÖK‡íi Kvh©µ‡gi mv‡_ mswkøó †÷K‡nvìviMY t
cÖK‡íi Kvh©µ‡gi mv‡_ mivmwi cvuP ai‡Yi †÷K‡nvìvi RwoZ _vK‡eb| Giv n‡jb-
GjwRBwW Awdwmqvj, BDwc m`më„›`, nvU-evRvi eë¯’vcbv KwgwU (MMC),
GjwmGm bvix I K…lK msMV‡bi m`më„›`|
cÖK‡íi cÖavb K‡¤úv‡b›U ev Dcv`vbmg~n t
cÖK‡íi AvIZvaxb cÖavb K‡¤úv‡b›U ev Dcv`vbmg~n n‡jv 5 wU; h_v-
1. nvU-evRvi †Kw›`ªK †hvMv‡hvM AeKvVv‡gv Dbœqb
2. nvU-evRvi eë¯’vcbv KwgwUi mÿgZv e„w×
3. KwgDwbwU m¤ú` eë¯’vcbv
4. RxweKvqb myiÿv
5. cÖKí eë¯’vcbv|
nvU-evRvi †Kw›`ªK †hvMv‡hvM I evRvi AeKvVv‡gvMZ Dbœqb t
2
†hvMv‡hvM AeKvVv‡gv Dbœq‡bi AvIZvq cÖKíwU MÖvgxY nvU-evRvi mswkøó
†hvMv‡hvM eë¯’vi Dbœqb Ki‡e| d‡j MÖvgxY gvby‡li hvZvqv‡Zi mgq euvP‡e,
cwienb LiP Kg‡e, †hvMv‡hvM eë¯’vi my‡hvM m„wó n‡e, K…wlRvZ cY¨ -Avbv-
†bIqvi mgq I A_© DfqB evuP‡e| D³ cÖK‡íÕi AvIZvq BDwbqb Ges MÖvgxY ch©v‡qi
mo‡Ki Dbœqb KvR Ges nvU-evRv‡ii AeKvVv‡gvMZ wbg©vY KvR Kiv n‡e| d‡j
mvgvwRK MwZkxjZv e„w× cv‡e| cvkvcvwk MÖv‡gi iv¯Ív I nvU-evRvi‡K iÿvi Rb¨
iv¯Ívi `yB av‡i e„ÿ†ivcb Ges Gi cwiPh©vi eë¯’v MÖnY Ki‡e| GQvovI GB cÖK‡íÕi
AvIZvq wb¤œwjwLZ Kvh©µg MÖnb/ev¯Íevq‡bi Rb¨ nvU-evRvi eë¯’vcbv
KwgwU‡K DrmvwnZ Kiv n‡e|
 KwgDwbwUi mn‡hvwMZvq eb¨vq ÿwZMÖ¯’ MÖvgxY moK mg~n cybtwbg©vY
Kiv|
 cvwbi †XD †_‡K nvU-evRvi‡K iÿvi Rb¨ nvU-evRvi iÿvKvix †eoxevua wbg©vY
Kiv|
 cY¨ µq-weµ‡qi Rb¨ QvDwb ev †mW wbg©vY Kiv|
 evRv‡i Kv‡jKkb †m›Uvi ˆZix Kiv; ‡hLv‡b Drcv`bKvixiv Zv‡ì cY¨`ªe¨ †ePv‡Kbv
Ki‡e|
cÖwkÿY †Kv‡m©i mvwe©K D‡Ïk¨

G cÖwk¶Y †k‡l AskMÖnbKvixMY D`¨vbZvwZ¡K dmj (dj) Pv‡li ¸iæZ¡ I Bnvi
cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Abyavebc~e©K wewfbœ cÖKvi dj Pv‡li KvwiMix welqK Ávb I
`¶Zv AR©b K‡i dj Pvl K‡i RvZxqfv‡e dj Drcv`b e„w×‡Z f~wgKv ivLv;cvkvcvwk
cwiev‡ii Rxebgvb Dbœqbmn Avw_©K wbivcËv weav‡b mÿg n‡eb|
cÖwkÿY †Kv‡m©i mywbw`©ó D‡Ïk¨
GB cÖwkÿY †k‡l AskMÖnbKvixMY-

 D`¨vbZvwZ¡K dmj (dj) Pv‡li ¸iæZ¡ I Bnvi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv, evsjv‡`‡k eZ©gvb dj
Pv‡li Ae¯’v, my‡hvM I mgm¨v m¤ú‡K© e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 dj Pv‡li KvwiMix welqK Ávb I `¶Zv AR©b Ki‡eb Ges wb‡Riv dj Pvl Ki‡Z m¶g
n‡eb|
 Avg Pv‡li Kjv‡KŠkj, RvZ wbe©vPb, Av‡gi †cvKv I †ivMe¨vwa `gb, gyKzj Siv
mgm¨v, Mv‡Q Avg bv aivi cÖwZKvi, Av‡gi d«zU e¨vwMs c×wZ, kvLv cÖæwbs
c×wZ, dj msMÖn I †kvab Ges wecYb cÖwµqv m¤ú‡K© eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
3
 iv¤^yUvb Pv‡li Kjv‡KŠkj, Rwg cÖ¯‘Z I Pviv †ivcY c×wZ, cwiPh©v, Wvj I gyKzj
QvuUvBKiY, dj msMÖn I wecYb †KŠkj e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 †jey/evZvex †jey Pv‡li Kjv‡KŠkj, RvZ wbe©vPb, Rwg wbe©vPb I cÖ¯‘Z, †ivcY
c×wZ, cwiPh©v, ÿwZKviK †cvKv I †ivMevjvB `gb, Wvj QuvUvBKiY, dj
msMÖn, msMÖ‡nvËi eë¯’vcbv I wecYb c×wZ eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 Avbvim Pv‡li Kjv‡KŠkj, RvZ wbe©vPb, Rwg cÖ¯‘Z I †ivcY c×wZ, cwiPh©v,
ÿwZKviK †cvKv I †ivMevjvB `gb, ni‡gvb cÖ‡qv‡M mviv eQi Avbvim Drcv`b
cÖhyw³, gyKzj eë¯’vcbv, dj msMÖn, msMÖ‡nvËi eë¯’vcbv I wecYb c×wZ
eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 Kgjv/gvëv Pv‡li Kjv‡KŠkj, RvZ wbe©vPb, Rwg wbe©vPb I cÖ¯‘Z, †ivcY c×wZ,
cwiPh©v, ÿwZKviK †cvKv I †ivMevjvB `gb, kvLv QuvUvBKiY, dj cvZjvKiY I
e¨vwMs, dj msMÖn, msMÖ‡nvËi eë¯’vcbv I wecYb c×wZ eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 Kjv Pv‡li Kjv‡KŠkj, RvZ wbe©vPb, Rwg wbe©vPb I cÖ¯‘Z, †ivcY c×wZ,
cwiPh©v, †ivMevjvB `gb, dj msMÖn, msMÖ‡nvËi eë¯’vcbv I wecYb c×wZ
m¤ú‡K© e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 †cu‡c Pv‡li Kjv‡KŠkj, RvZ wbe©vPb, Rwg wbe©vPb I cÖ¯‘Z, †ivcY c×wZ,
 †cqviv Pv‡li Kjv‡KŠkj, RvZ wbe©vPb, Rwg wbe©vPb I cÖ¯‘Z, †ivcY c×wZ,
cÖwkÿ‡Yi cÖavb welqe¯‘ (Major contents)

1) evsjv‡`‡k D`¨vbZvwZ¡K dmj (dj) Pv‡li ¸iæZ¡ I cÖ‡qvRbxqZv, eZ©gvb
Ae¯’v, my‡hvM I mgm¨vmg~n;
2) Avg Pv‡li Kjv‡KŠkj;
3) iv¤^yUvb Pv‡li Kjv‡KŠkj;
4) †jey/evZvwe †jeyi Pv‡li Kjv‡KŠkj;
5) Avbvim Pv‡li Kjv‡KŠkj;
6) Kgjv/gvëvi Pv‡li Kjv‡KŠkj;
7) Kjvi Pv‡li Kjv‡KŠkj;
8) †cu‡ci Pv‡li Kjv‡KŠkj;
9) †cqvivi Pv‡li Kjv‡KŠkj;
mnvq‡Ki Rb¨ KiYxq/cvjbxq

4
cÖwk¶Y c~e© t
 mnvwqKv cvV I cÖwk¶Y †mkb Abyhvqx cÖ‡qvRbxq †cvóvi/ DcKib ˆZwi I
avivevwnK fv‡e mvwR‡q ivLv|
 cÖwk¶Y ¯’vb †`Lv I cÖ‡qvRbxq eë¯’v MÖnY †hgb emvi eë¯’v, Uq‡jU
myweav, ‡cvóvi ev wd¬c PvU© Dc¯’vcb, gvwëwgwWqv eënvi BZ¨vw`|
 MÖæc IqvK©, nv‡Z-Kj‡g c×wZ cÖ`k©‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq eë¯’v MÖnb|
 cÖwk¶Y mnvqZvKvix/wi‡mvm© cvm©b Gi mv‡_ mv¶vr/†hvMv‡hvM,
cÖwk¶Yv_©xi Dcw¯’wZ wbwðZ, hvZvqvZ eë¯’v I Lvevi eë¯’vcbv m¤ú‡K©
Rvbv|
cÖwk¶Y Kvjxb t
 nvwRiv di‡g AskMÖnbKvix‡ì ¯^v¶i MÖnY I di‡g D‡jwLZ Z_¨ h_vh_fv‡e
c~iY I hvPvB Kiv|
 cÖwk¶Y ¯’vb/K‡¶i ‡fŠZ myweavw` Abyhvqx Avmb web¨vm Kiv hv‡Z
AskMÖnbKvix I mnvqK euvavnxbfv‡e GKRb Ab¨Rb‡K ‡`L‡Z cv‡ib|
 cÖwk¶‡Yi ïiæ‡Z ‡m w`‡bi Lvevi I Pv weiwZi mgq I eë¯’vcbvi
`vwqZ¡ m¤ú‡K© †R‡b †bIqv|
 cÖwk¶Y cÖwZ‡e`‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq Z_¨ msMÖn I msi¶Y Kiv|
 gwnjv AskMÖnbKvix‡ì cÖwk¶‡Y Kvh©Kix AskMÖn‡Y hZœkxj nIqv|
 cÖ‡qvRbxq DcKiY wbwðZKiY|
cÖwkÿ‡Yi wkLb GKK (Learning unit) t

Awa‡e †mk wkLbmg~n c„ôv
kb b
cÖK‡íi cwiwPwZ 1-2
cÖwkÿY †Kv©‡mi D‡Ïk¨ 3
mnvq‡Ki Rb¨ KiYxq/cvjbxq 4
cÖwkÿ‡Yi cÖavb cÖavb welq I wkLb GKK 5-6
cÖwkÿY m~Px 7-9
1.0 †Kvm© cwiwPwZ t 10-11
1.1  †iwR‡óªkb, cwiwPwZ I DcKiY mieivn
1.2  †Kvm© D‡Øvab I †Kv‡m©i D‡Ïk¨ eY©bv
1.3  cÖwkÿY wbqgvejx wba©vib
5
2.0 evsjv‡`‡k D`¨vbZvwZ¡K dmj (dj) Pv‡li ¸iæZ¡, eZ©gvb 12-13
Ae¯’v, my‡hvM I mgm¨vmg~n
2.1  evsjv‡`‡k D`¨vbZvwZ¡K dmj (dj) Pv‡li ¸iæZ¡ Ges Bnvi
2.2 cÖ‡qvRbxqZv
2.3  evsjv‡`‡k dj Pv‡li eZ©gvb Ae¯’v
 evsjv‡`‡k dj Pv‡li my‡hvM I mgm¨vmg~n
3.0 Avg Pv‡li Kjv‡KŠkj t 14-22
3.1  Avg Pv‡li A_©‰bwZK I cywó ¸iæZ¡, RvZ wbe©vPb Ges
3.2 †cvKv I †ivMevjvB `gb
3.3  gyKzj Siv mgm¨v Ges Mv‡Q Avg bv aivi cÖwZKvi
3.4  Av‡gi d«zU e¨vwMs c×wZ Ges kvLv cÖæwbs c×wZ
 dj msMÖn I †kvab Ges wecYb cÖwµqv
4.0 iv¤^yUvb Pv‡li Kjv‡KŠkj t 23-26
4.1  iv¤^yUvb d‡ji cwiwPwZ, iv¤^yUvb Drcv`‡bi A_©‰bwZK I
4.2 cywó ¸iæZ¡
4.3  Rwg cÖ¯‘Z I Pviv †ivcY c×wZ,
4.4  cwiPh©v, Wvj I gyKzj QvuUvBKiY,
 dj msMÖn I wecYb
5.0 †jey/evZvwe †jeyi Pv‡li Kjv‡KŠkj t 27-35
5.1  RvZ wbe©vPb, Rwg wbe©vPb I cÖ¯‘Z, †ivcY c×wZ
5.2  cwiPh©v I Wvj QuvUvBKiY
5.3  ÿwZKviK †cvKv I †ivMevjvB `gb
5.4  dj msMÖn, msMÖ‡nvËi eë¯’vcbv I wecYb c×wZ
6.0 Avbvim Pvl Kjv‡KŠkj t 36-38
6.1  Avbvim Pv‡li A_©‰bwZK ¸iæZ¡ I cywógvb Ges RvZ
6.2 cwiwPwZ
6.3  Rwg cÖ¯‘Z, Pviv ˆZwi Ges Pviv †ivcb
6.4  mvi eë¯’vcbv, AvMvQv cwi¯‹vi, ‡mP I wb®‹vkb eë¯’vcbv
6.5  ‡cvKv I †ivM-evjvB eë¯’vcbv
 dmj msMÖn I wecYb
7.0 Kgjv/gvëv Pv‡li Kjv‡KŠkj t 39-46
7.1  gvëv Pv‡li A_©‰bwZK ¸iæZ¡ I cywógvb, RvZ cwiwPwZ
7.2  Pviv ‰Zwi, Rwg cÖ¯‘Z I Pviv †ivcb
7.3  dm‡ji cwiPh©v, mvi cÖ‡qvM, ‡mP I wb®‹vkb eë¯’vcbv
7.4  †cvKv I †ivM-evjvB `gb
7.5  dmj msMÖn I msi¶Y Ges wecYb
8.0 Kjv Pvl Kjv‡KŠkj t 47-50
8.1  Kjvi RvZ cwiwPwZ, Pviv ‰Zwi, Rwg cÖ¯‘Z Ges Pviv †ivcb
8.2  dmj cwiPh©v, mvi eë¯’vcbv, AvMvQv cwi¯‹vi, ‡mP I cvwb
8.3 wb®‹vkb
6
8.4  †cvKv I †ivM-evjvB eë¯’vcbv,
 dmj msMÖn I msi¶Y Ges wecYb
9.0 †cu‡c Pvl Kjv‡KŠkj t 51-54
9.1  †cu‡ci RvZ cwiwPwZ, Pviv ‰Zwi, Rwg cÖ¯‘Z Ges Pviv
9.2 †ivcb
9.4 wb®‹vkb
 †cvKv I †ivM-evjvB eë¯’vcbv,
10.0 †cqviv Pvl Kjv‡KŠkj t 55-58
10.1  †cqvivi RvZ cwiwPwZ, Pviv ‰Zwi, Rwg cÖ¯‘Z Ges Pviv
10.2 †ivcb
10.4 wb®‹vkb
 †cvKv I †ivM-evjvB eë¯’vcbv
11.0 †Kvm© mgvcbx ce©: 59-60
11.1  †Kv‡m©i mvi-ms‡ÿc ch©v‡jvPbv I cÖwkÿ‡YvËi g~j¨vqb
11.2  AskMÖnbKvix‡ì cÖwZwµqv hvPvB I mgvcbx |
Z_¨m~Î 60
cÖwkÿY DcKiY t nvwRiv wmU, LvZv, Kjg, wfc KvW©, gvK©vi, †cv÷vi †ccvi,
†nvqvBU †evW© I †evW© gvK©vi|
cÖwkÿY c×wZ t cvRj, cø¨vbvwi I AvBm †eªwKs, eo `jxq Av‡jvPbv, ÿz`ª `jxq
Av‡jvPbv, †eªBb ÷wg©s Ges AwfÁZv †kqvwis|
cÖwkÿY m~Px (Training schedule) t

mgq †mk Av‡jvP¨ welq DcKiY eënvi c×wZ wi‡mv
b m©
cvimb
7
cÖ_g wèm
09:00-09:20 1.1  †iwR‡óªkb, nvwRiv wmU, cv‡Rj,
cwiwPwZ I DcKiY LvZv, Kjg, cøvbvwi I
mieivn †bBg KvW©, AvBm †eªwKs
wfc KvW©,
gvK©vi,
†cv÷vi †ccvi
09:20-09:45 1.2  †Kvm© D‡Øvab I ‡cv÷vi, B‡Rj eo `jxq
†Kv‡m©i D‡Ïk¨ †evW©, wfc Av‡jvPbv
eY©bv †evW©,
†nvqvBU
†evW©
gvK©vi
09:45-10:00 1.3  cÖwkÿY wbqgvejx †cv÷vi, ‡cv÷vi cÖ‡kœvËi I eo
wba©viY †ccvi I gvK©vi `‡j Av‡jvPbv
10:00-10:30  cÖK‡íi cUf~wg, jÿ¨, †cv÷vi/cvIqvi gvwëwgwWqv
D‡Ïk¨, DwÏó c‡q›U /‡cv÷vi
Rb‡Mvôx, cÖK‡íi WKz‡g›Um& I cÖ`k©b, eo
cÖavb Dcv`vb Ges n¨vÛ AvDU `jxq Av‡jvPbv
nvU-evRvi †Kw›`ªK I cÖ‡kœvËi
†hvMv‡hvM I evRvi
AeKvVv‡gv Dbœqb
wel‡q Av‡jvPbv
10:30-11:00 ¯^v¯’¨ weiwZ
11:00-12:15 2.1  evsjv‡`‡k †nvqvBU eo `jxq
D`¨vbZvwZ¡K dmj †evW©, Av‡jvPbv I
†_‡ (dj) Pv‡li ¸iæZ¡, ‡evW© cÖ‡kœvËi
K cÖ‡qvRbxqZv, gvK©vi, n¨vÛ c×wZ|
2.3 eZ©gvb Ae¯’v, AvDU|
my‡hvM I
mgm¨vmg~n
12:15-01:15 3.1 Avg Pv‡li Kjv‡KŠkj †cv÷vi/cvIqvi gvwëwgwWqv
†_‡ t c‡q›U /‡cv÷vi
K Avg Pv‡li ¸iæZ¡, RvZ WKz‡g›Um& I cÖ`k©b, eo
3.4 wbe©vPb, †cvKv- n¨vÛ AvDU `jxq Av‡jvPbv
gvKo I †ivMevjvB I cÖ‡kœvËi
`gb, gyKzj Siv Ges
Avg bv aiv mgm¨vi
cÖwZKvi, Av‡gi
d«zU e¨vwMs Ges
kvLv cÖæwbs c×wZ,
dj msMÖn I †kvab
Ges wecYb cÖwµqv
8
01:15-02:00 ga¨vý weiwZ
02:00-03:00 4.1 iv¤^yUvb Pv‡li †cv÷vi/cvIqvi gvwëwgwWqv
†_‡ Kjv‡KŠkj t iv¤^yUvb c‡q›U /‡cv÷vi
K d‡ji cwiwPwZ, WKz‡g›Um& I cÖ`k©b, eo
4.4 iv¤^yUvb Drcv`‡bi n¨vÛ AvDU `jxq Av‡jvPbv
A_©‰bwZK I cywó I cÖ‡kœvËi
¸iæZ¡,
Rwg cÖ¯‘Z I Pviv
†ivcY c×wZ,
cwiPh©v, Wvj I
gyKzj QvuUvBKiY,
dj msMÖn I wecYb
03:00-04:00 5.1 †jey/evZvwe †jeyi †cv÷vi/cvIqvi gvwëwgwWqv
†_‡ Pv‡li Kjv‡KŠkj t c‡q›U /‡cv÷vi
K RvZ wbe©vPb, Rwg WKz‡g›Um& I cÖ`k©b, eo
5.4 wbe©vPb I cÖ¯‘Z, n¨vÛ AvDU `jxq Av‡jvPbv
†ivcY c×wZ, I cÖ‡kœvËi
cwiPh©v I Wvj
QuvUvBKiY,
ÿwZKviK †cvKv I
†ivMevjvB `gb, dj
msMÖn, msMÖ‡nvËi
eë¯’vcbv I wecYb
c×wZ
04:00-04:45 6.1 Avbvim Pvl †cv÷vi/cvIqvi gvwëwgwWqv
†_‡ Kjv‡KŠkj t c‡q›U /‡cv÷vi
K Avbvim Pv‡li ¸iæZ¡ I WKz‡g›Um& I cÖ`k©b, eo
6.5 cywógvb, RvZ n¨vÛ AvDU `jxq Av‡jvPbv
cwiwPwZ, Rwg I cÖ‡kœvËi
cÖ¯‘Z, Pviv ˆZwi Ges
†ivcb, mvi eë¯’vcbv,
AvMvQv cwi¯‹vi,
‡mP I wb®‹vkb
eë¯’vcbv, †cuvKv I
†ivM-evjvB eë¯’vcbv
Ges dmj msMÖn
04:45-05:00  w`‡bi Kg©m~Pxi - eo `jxq
ch©v‡jvPbv I Av‡jvPbv I
mgvwß cÖ‡kœvËi
wØZxq
wèm
09:00-09:30  c~e© w`‡bi - cÖ‡kœvËi, eo
Kg©m~Pxi `jxq Av‡jvPbv
9
cybiv‡jvPbv
09:30-10:45 7.1 Kgjv/gvëv Pv‡li †cv÷vi/cvIqvi gvwëwgwWqv
†_‡ Kjv‡KŠkj t c‡q›U /‡cv÷vi
K gvëv Pv‡li A_© WKz‡g›Um& I cÖ`k©b, eo
7.5 ‰bwZK ¸iæZ¡ I n¨vÛ AvDU `jxq Av‡jvPbv
cywógvb, RvZ I cÖ‡kœvËi
cwiwPwZ; Pviv
‰Zwi, Rwg cÖ¯‘Z I
Pviv †ivcb; dm‡ji
cwiPh©v, mvi
cÖ‡qvM, †mP I
wb®‹vkb eë¯’vcbv;
†cvKv I †ivM-evjvB
`gb; dmj msMÖn I
msi¶Y Ges wecYb
10:45-11:00 ¯^v¯’¨ weiwZ
11:00-12:15 8.1 Kjv Pvl Kjv‡KŠkj t †cv÷vi/cvIqvi gvwëwgwWqv
‡_‡ Kjvi RvZ cwiwPwZ, c‡q›U /‡cv÷vi
K Pviv ‰Zwi, Rwg WKz‡g›Um& I cÖ`k©Y, eo
8.4 cÖ¯‘Z Ges Pviv n¨vÛ AvDU `jxq Av‡jvPbv
†ivcb; dmj cwiPh©v, I cÖ‡kœvËi
mvi eë¯’vcbv,
AvMvQv cwi¯‹vi,
‡mP I cvwb wb®‹vkb;
eë¯’vcbv; dmj
msMÖn I msi¶Y Ges
wecYb
12:15-01:30 9.1 †cu‡c Pvl Kjv‡KŠkj t †cv÷vi/cvIqvi gvwëwgwWqv
†_‡ †cu‡ci RvZ cwiwPwZ, c‡q›U /‡cv÷vi
K Pviv ˆZwi, Rwg cÖ¯‘Z WKz‡g›Um& I cÖ`k©Y, eo
9.4 Ges Pviv †ivcb; dmj n¨vÛ AvDU `jxq Av‡jvPbv
cwiPh©v, mvi I cÖ‡kœvËi
eë¯’vcbv, AvMvQv
cwi¯‹vi, †mP I cvwb
wb®‹vkb; †cvKv I
†ivM-evjvB eë¯’vcbv;
dmj msMÖn I msi¶Y
Ges wecYb
01;30-02:30 ga¨vý weiwZ
02:30-03:45 10.1 †cqviv Pvl Kjv‡KŠkj †cv÷vi/cvIqvi gvwëwgwWqv
‡_‡ t c‡q›U /‡cv÷vi
K †cqvivi RvZ WKz‡g›Um& I cÖ`k©Y, eo
10
10.4 cwiwPwZ, Pviv ‰Zwi, n¨vÛ AvDU `jxq Av‡jvPbv
Rwg cÖ¯‘Z Ges Pviv I cÖ‡kœvËi
†ivcb; dmj cwiPh©v,
mvi eë¯’vcbv,
AvMvQv cwi¯‹vi,
†mP I cvwb wb®‹vkb;
eë¯’vcbv; dmj
msMÖn I msi¶Y Ges
wecYb
03:45-04:30 11.1  m¤ú~Y© †Kv‡m©i cÖkœ-DËi I †cv÷vi, B‡Rj
mvi-ms‡ÿc †eªBb ÷wg© †evW©,
Av‡jvPbv Ges gvK©vi
cÖwkÿY g~j¨vqb
04:30-05:00 11.2  AskMÖnYKvix‡ì †cv÷vi, gZvgZ hvPvB
cÖwZwµqv hvPvB I gvK©vi I B‡Rj
mgvcbx †evW©
Awa‡ekb- 1 t †Kvm© D‡Øvabx

1.1 †iwR‡óªkb, cwiwPwZ I DcKiY mieivn
1.2†Kvm© D‡Øvab I †Kv‡m©i D‡Ïk¨ eY©bv
1.3cÖwkÿY wbqgvejx wba©viY
†mkb-1.1 t
†mk‡bi wk‡ivbvg t †iwR‡óªkb, cwiwPwZ I DcKiY mieivn
D‡Ïk¨ t GB †mkb †k‡l AskMÖnbKvixMY-
 G‡K Ac‡ii m‡½ I mnvq‡Ki m‡½ cwiwPZ n‡eb|
mgqKvj t 30 wgwbU|
cÖwkÿY c×wZ t cv‡Rj, cø¨vbvwi I AvBm †eªwKs (RoZv KvUv‡bv) |
cÖwkÿY DcKiY t nvwRiv wmU, †bvU eyK/LvZv, Kjg, †bBg KvW©, wfc KvW©,
AvU©jvBb gvK©vi, †cv÷vi ‡ccvi cÖf…wZ|
11
†mkb cwiPvjbvi cÖwµqv t
ïiæ‡ZB mnvqK AskMÖnbKvix‡ì ¯^vMZ Rvbv‡eb| Gici AskMÖnbKvix‡ì †iwR‡óªkb
Ges cÖ‡qvRbxq DcKiY (LvZv, Kjg, †dvìvi cÖf…wZ) mieiv‡ni KvRwU m¤úbœ K‡i
wb‡eb|
AZtci mnvqK AskMÖnbKvix‡ì cÖ‡Z¨K‡K cv‡R‡ji GKwU K‡i Ask (Av‡M †_‡K
cÖwZwU cv‡R‡ji Rb¨ `yÕwU K‡i wfc Kv‡W©i Ask ‰Zix _vK‡e) wb‡Z ej‡eb| cÖ‡Z¨‡K
GKwU K‡i cv‡R‡ji UzKiv (LwÛZ wfc KvW©) ‡bqvi ci mnvqK AskMÖnbKvix‡ì D‡Ï‡k¨
ej‡eb †h, Zv‡ì‡K GLb Zvi Kv‡Q _vKv cv‡R‡ji Aci AskwU Kvi Kv‡Q Av‡Q Zv Lyu‡R
wb‡Z n‡e| hvi mv‡_ wg‡j hv‡e Zviv `yÕRb eÜz n‡eb Ges cvkvcvwk e‡m eÜziv wb‡R‡ì
g‡a¨ cwiwPZ n‡eb hv‡Z K‡i Zviv cø¨vbvwi‡Z wb‡Ri eÜz‡K fvjfv‡e cwiPq Kwi‡q w`‡Z
cv‡ib| (Gfv‡e mevB †Rvovq †Rvovq e‡m wb‡R‡ì m¤ú‡K© †R‡b †b‡eb| hv‡Z cieZ©x‡Z
eo `‡j cv‡Rj eÜziv GKRb Ab¨Rb‡K cwiPq Kwi‡q w`‡eb|)
Gevi mnvqK AskMÖnbKvix‡ì Zv‡ì eÜz‡K mevi mv‡_ cwiPq Kwi‡q †èvi Rb¨ Avgš¿b
Rvbv‡eb| AZtci cvRj eÜziv GKRb Ab¨Rb‡K mevi m‡½ cwiPq Kwi‡q w`‡eb| Gfv‡e eo `‡j
AskMÖnbKvixMY mevB mevi m‡½ cwiwPZ n‡eb|
mnvq‡Ki Rb¨ MvBWjvBb t
cv‡Rj UzK‡iv ˆZixi wb‡`©kbv t cv‡Rj ˆZixi Rb¨ wewfbœ i‡Oi wfc KvW©/k³ KvMR
eënvi Kiæb| Gevi wb‡Pi Qwei gZ K‡i cÖwZwU KvW© †K‡U bvbvb AvK…wZ w`b|
KvUv UzK‡iv¸‡jv wgwk‡q GKmv‡_ ivLyb| Gevi GLvb †_‡K cÖ‡Z¨K AskMÖnbKvix‡K
GKwU K‡i UzK‡iv w`b| KvW© weZi‡bi mgq †Lqvj ivL‡Z n‡e †h, GKwU cv‡R‡ji
`yBwU AskB †hb AskMÖnbKvix‡ì g‡a¨ weZib Kiv nq| bZzev Zviv cv‡Rj c~Y© Ki‡Z ev
wgjv‡Z cvi‡eb bv| AskMÖnbKvix‡ì msL¨v we‡Rvo n‡j mnvqK wb‡R GKwU UzK‡iv
wb‡q †Rvo c~Y© Ki‡eb|
12
bgybv cv‡Rj t (`vM eivei KvUzb)
†mkb-1.2 t
†mk‡bi wk‡ivbvg t †Kvm© D‡Øvab I †Kv‡m©i D‡Ïk¨ eY©bv
 cÖwkÿY †Kv‡m©i bvg ej‡Z cvi‡eb|
 cÖwkÿY †Kv‡m©i D‡Ïk¨ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
mgq t 15 wgwbU|
cÖwkÿY c×wZ t cÖ‡kœvËi I eo `‡j Av‡jvPbv|
cÖwkÿY DcKiY t †cv÷vi, †cv÷vi †ccvi I gvK©vi|
cÖwkÿK AskMÖnbKvix‡ì ¯^vMZ Rvwb‡q Rvb‡Z PvB‡eb †h, Avgiv wK Rvwb AvR
Avgiv GLv‡b wK cÖwkÿY MÖn‡bi Rb¨ G‡mwQ? cÖwkÿYv_©x‡ì KvQ †_‡K †kvbvi ci
mnvqK Av‡M †_‡K ‡jLv †cv÷vi cÖ`k©Y K‡i 2/3 evi ‡Kv‡m©i bvgwU ej‡eb Ges
AskMÖnbKvix‡ì w`‡q ejv‡eb| Gici mnvqK cÖwkÿ‡Yi D‡Ïk¨ †jLv †cv÷viwU cÖ`k©b
K‡i Bnv e¨vL¨v Ki‡eb| Gevi wZwb 1/2 Rb AskMÖnbKvix‡K ms‡ÿ‡c cÖwkÿ‡Yi
D‡Ïk¨vejx wb‡R‡ì gZ K‡i e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z ej‡eb| AZtci mnvqK mKj‡K abëv` Rvwb‡q
†mk‡bi mgvwß †NvlYv Ki‡eb|
†mkb-1.3 t
†mk‡bi wk‡ivbvg t cÖwkÿY wbqgvejx wba©vib
 cÖwkÿY‡K djcÖm~ Kivi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq wbqgvejxmg~n eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 cÖwkÿ‡bi wbqgvejx¸‡jvi †hŠw³KZv I cÖ‡qvRbxqZv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
mgq t 15 wgwbU|
cÖwkÿY c×wZ t eo `jxq Av‡jvPbv|
cÖwkÿY DcKiY t †cv÷vi, †cv÷vi †ccvi I gvK©vi|
mnvqK AskMÖnbKvix‡ì Kv‡Q Rvb‡Z PvB‡eb, cÖwkÿYwU djcÖm~ Ki‡Z Avgv‡ì wK
wK wbqgvejx †g‡b Pjv cÖ‡qvRb e‡j Avgiv g‡b Kwi| AskMÖnbKvixMY hv ej‡eb mnvqK
Zv †cv÷vi †ccv‡i wjL‡eb|
cÖZ¨vwkZ cÖwkÿY wbqgvejx¸‡jv n‡jv t
 mgqgZ K¬v‡m Avmv|
 Av‡jvPbvq mK‡ji ¯^Ztù~Z© AskMÖnb Kiv|
 G‡K G‡K K_v ejv|
 mnvq‡Ki AbygwZ wb‡q K_v ejv|
 K¬v‡m cÖvmw½K Av‡jvPbv Kiv|
 ‡Kvb wKQz fvjfv‡e bv eyS‡j Av‡jvPbvi †k‡l cÖkœ K‡i ‡R‡b †bqv|
13
 K¬vm PjvKvwjb KvbvKvwb bv Kiv|
 G‡K Ab¨‡K mn‡hvwMZv Kiv|
 cÖwkÿY PjvKv‡j †gvevBj †dvb eÜ ivLv wKsev mvB‡j›U gy‡W ivLv|
 eje Kg, ïb‡ev †ekx- G bxwZ †g‡b Pjv|
 Ab¨‡K K_v ejvi my‡hvM K‡i †`qv wKsev K_v ej‡Z AbycÖvwYZ Kiv|
Gici cÖwkÿK c~e© †_‡K ‡jLv cÖwkÿ‡Yi wbqgvejx m¤^wjZ †cv÷viwU K¬v‡k Uvwb‡q
w`‡eb Ges cÖwkÿYv_©x‡ì ejv Dc‡iv³ wbqgvejx¸‡jvi m‡½ wjs‡KR K‡i cÖwZwU
wbqgbxwZi †hŠw³KZv I cÖ‡qvRbxqZv e¨vL¨v Ki‡eb Ges cÖwkÿY‡K djcÖm~ Ki‡Z
G¸‡jv †g‡b Pjvi Rb¨ Aby‡iva Ki‡eb|
Gici mnvqK mK‡ji D‡Ï‡k¨ ej‡eb †h, Avgiv †h cÖK‡íi Aax‡b GB cÖwkÿYwU Av‡qvRb
K‡iwQ GLb Avgiv †m m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Kie| cÖKí wel‡q Av‡jvPbv †k‡l mnvqK
mKj‡K abëv` Rvwb‡q †mk‡bi mgvwß †NvlYv Ki‡eb|
Awa‡ekb- 2 t D`¨vbZvwZ¡K dmj Pv‡li ¸iæZ¡, evsjv‡`‡k eZ©gvb dj Pv‡li

Ae¯’v, my‡hvM I mgm¨v|
†mk‡bi D‡Ïk¨ t GB Awa‡ekb †k‡l AskMÖnbKvixMY-
 evsjv‡`‡k dj Pv‡li eZ©gvb Ae¯’v I Bnvi ¸iæZ¡ m¤ú‡K© e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 evsjv‡`‡k dj Pv‡li my‡hvM I mgm¨v mg~n m¤ú‡K© eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
mgq t 1 N›Uv 15 wgwbU|
c×wZ t cÖ‡kœvËi, Av‡jvPbv|
DcKiY t ‡evW© gvK©vi, AvU© jvBbvi|
 mnvqK wb‡R Zvi cwiPq w`‡eb Zvici mnvqK AskMÖnbKvix‡ì‡K ‡mk‡b ¯^vMZ
Rvbv‡eb Ges †mk‡bi D‡Ïk¨ e¨vL¨v Ki‡eb|
 mnvqK AskMÖnbKvix‡ì cÖ‡kœvË‡ii gva¨‡g wewfbœ cÖKvi dj Gi eZ©gvb Ae¯’v I
Bnvi ¸iæZ¡ m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Ki‡eb|
†mkb g~j¨vq‡bi Rb¨ wbav©wiZ cÖkœ t
 dj Pv‡li 2wU ¸iæZ¡ ejyb?
 dj Pv‡li eZ©gvb Ae¯’v ms‡ÿ‡c ejyb?
dj Pv‡li eZ©gvb Ae¯’v t
dj Avgv‡ì †`‡k GKwU RbwcÖq D`¨vbZvwË¡K dmj| is, MÜ, ¯^v` I cywói we‡ePbvq
evsjv‡`‡ki dj LyeB ¸iæZ¡c~Y© I êwPÎ¨gq| dj wewfbœ cÖKvi wfUvwgb I LwbR c`v‡_©i
m‡e©vËg Drm| dj ivbœv Qvov mivmwi LvIqv nq weavq G‡Z we`¨gvb meUzKz cywó
MÖnY Kiv hvq| G Qvov wewfbœ d‡j i‡q‡Q K¨vÝvi cÖwZ‡ivaKvix Dcv`vb
G‡š’vmvqvwbb I jvB‡Kv‡cb| evsjv‡`‡ki A_©bxwZ‡Z d‡ji Ae`vb D‡jøL‡hvM¨| evsjv‡`‡ki
†gvU Pvlfy³ Rwgi g‡a¨ d‡ji AvIZvq cÖvq 1% Rwg i‡q‡Q| A_P RvZxq A_©bxwZ‡Z †gvU
dmjwfwËK Av‡qi 7.5% Av‡m dj †_‡K| evsjv‡`k GKwU Av`ª© I Ae-Dò gÐjxq †`k| GLv‡b
Avg, KuvVvj, Kjv, †cu‡c, m‡d`v, Rvg, jUKb, Avbvim, wjPz, †jey RvZxq dj, †cqviv,
14
bvwi‡Kj, Avgov, †ZuZzj, †ej, AvZv, kixdv BZ¨vw` dj fvj R‡b¥| ch©vß cwigv‡Y dj
Drcvw`Z bv nIqvq Gi Pvwn`v I `vg †ewk _v‡K| Ab¨vb¨ k‡mï †P‡q d‡ji `vg mvaviYZ
†ewk nq e‡j dj Pvlx‡ì ¶wZMÖ¯’ nIqvi m¤¢vebv Kg| hw` msi¶Y eë¯’v DbœZ Kiv hvq
Z‡e Drcv`b †gŠmy‡gi c‡i msiw¶Z dj AwaK `v‡g wewµ Kiv m¤¢e| A_ev DØ„Ë dj I djRvZ
`ªe¨ we‡`‡k ißvwb K‡i cÖPzi ê‡`wkK gy`ªv Avq Kiv m¤¢e| ZvB AwaK Pvwn`vi Kvi‡Y
†`‡k AwaK dj Drcv`‡bi h‡_ó my‡hvM i‡q‡Q| Avkvi K_v, m¤úªwZ ¯^í cwim‡i Avg ißvwb
ïiæ n‡q‡Q|
dj Pv‡li ¸iæZ¡ t
ïay Lv`¨ wnmv‡eB bq, Rxeb hvÎvi gvb Dbœq‡b, wPwKrmv kv‡¯¿, A_©bxwZ, mvgvwRK
Kg©KvÛ BZ¨vw`‡Z dj wewebœ fv‡e Ae`vb ivL‡Q| wb‡¤œ ms‡ÿ‡c d‡ji ¸iæZ¡ Av‡jvPbv
Kiv nj:
 cywó mieiv‡n d‡ji Ae`vb  f‚wg ÿq †iv‡a
 wPwKrmv ‡ÿ‡Î d‡ji Ae`vb  gvwUi ¸bvejx Dbœq‡b
 Avq e„w×‡Z  Avmeve ˆZwi‡Z
 GKK RvqMvq AwaK Drcv`b  R¦vjvwb wnmv‡e
 cwZZ Rwgi eënvi  evqy cÖwZ‡ivax wnmv‡e
 bZzb wkí ¯’vc‡b d‡ji Ae`vb  wewfbœ Abyôvbvw`‡Z d‡ji Ae`vb
 RvZxq A_©bxwZ‡Z d‡ji Ae`vb
evsjv‡`‡k dj Pv‡li my‡hvM myweavt

evsjv‡`‡k dj Drcv`b e„w×i †hme my‡hvM myweav Av‡Q Zv wb‡¤œ eY©bv Kiv nj:
 Rjevqy Ges gvwU
 Rwg
 Pvwn`v I evRvi g~j¨
 djb
 dj M‡elYv
evsjv‡`‡k dj Pv‡li mgm¨vt
 eënvwiK Áv‡bi Afve
 Rwgi ¯^íZv Ges wb¤œ Drcv`bkxjZv
 DcKi‡Yi `y®úvc¨Zv I `y©g~j¨
 `vwi`ª I FYMÖ¯’Zv
 MZvbyMwZK cÖ_vq Pvlvev` I cÖK…wZi Dci wbf©ikxjZv
15
 cÖvK…wZK `~‡h©vM
 Avw_©K SuzwK
 msiÿ‡Yi Amyweav
 wecYb mgm¨v
 cÖwµqvRvZKiY wk‡íi Afve
 cwienY mgm¨v
 Kg Drcv`bkxj eq¯‹ Mv‡Qi AvwaK¨
Awa‡ekb- 3 t Avg Pvl Kjv‡KŠkj

†mk‡bi D‡Ïk¨ t GB †mkb †k‡l AskMÖnbKvixMY-
 Avg Pv‡li Kjv‡KŠkj m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb cvi‡eb|
mgq t 60 wgwbU|
c×wZ t cÖ‡kœvËi I eo `jxq Av‡jvPbv Ges gvwëwgwWqv cÖ`k©b|
DcKiY t n¨vÛ AvDU, gvwëwgwWqv cÖ‡R±i|
 mnvqK AskMÖnbKvix‡ì cÖ‡kœvËi I AskMÖnbg~jK Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g Avg Drcv`b
Kjv‡KŠkj m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Ki‡eb|
 cÖwkÿK AskMÖnbKvix‡ì wb‡q gv‡V hv‡eb Ges nv‡Z Kj‡g Av‡gi Pviv jvMv‡bv,
†ivcb `yiæZ¡, mvi cÖ‡qvM, Wvj QvUvBKiY, †mP I e¨vwMs c×wZ eënvwiK †mk‡bi
gva¨‡g wkLv‡eb|
 AskMªnbKvix‡ì wbKU †_‡K cÖ‡kœvË‡ii gva¨‡g Av‡jvPbv KZUzKz eyS‡Z †c‡i‡Qb
Zv hvPvB K‡i †`L‡eb|
16
 Av‡gi `yBwU K‡i Rv‡Zi bvg ejyb?
 Av‡gi `yBwU K‡i †cvKvi bvg ejyb?
 Av‡gi `yBwU †iv‡Mi bvg ejyb?
 Pviv †ivcb `yiæZ¡ I M‡Z©i AvKvi ejyb?
 Av‡gi e¨vwMs c×wZ e¨vLv Kiæb?
 Avg Gi gyKyj Siv mgm¨v I KiYxq wK ejyb?
 Avg Mv‡Q Avg bv aivi KviY I cÖwZKv‡ii Dcvq ejyb?
 eq¯‹ UK Avg MvQ‡K wgwó Avg Mv‡Q iƒcvšÍiKiY I cyi‡bv evMvb bevqb c×wZ ejyb?
 Avg Mv‡Qi Ab-Bqvi I Ad-Bqvi mgm¨v Ges cÖwZKvi |

Avg
Avg evsjv‡`‡ki me©v‡c¶v RbwcÖq I Dcv‡`q
dj| Avg‡K d‡ji ivRv e‡j AwfwnZ Kiv n‡q
_v‡K| GwU evsjv‡`‡ki RvZxq e„¶| evsjv‡`‡k
cÖvq me †Rjv‡ZB Av‡gi Pvl nq| Rjevqy I
gvwUi AwaK Dc‡hvwMZvi Kvi‡Y DrK…ó
gv‡bi Avg Drcv`b cÖavbZ evsjv‡`‡ki DËi-
cwðg I `w¶Y-cwð‡gi †Rjv¸‡jv‡Z mxgve× wQj|
G me AÂ‡j A‡bK cwiev‡ii Av‡qi cÖavb Drm
Avg| Z‡e eZ©gv‡b Pv‡lvc‡hvMx DbœZ RvZ
D™¢vweZ nIqvq Gme AÂ‡ji evB‡i Ab¨vb¨
†Rjv‡ZI evwYwR¨Kfv‡e Avg Drcv`b ïiæ n‡q‡Q| eZ©gv‡b evsjv‡`‡k Av‡gi †gvU Drcv`b
cÖvq 12.88 j¶ †g. Ub| ¯^v`, MÜ, cywógvb I eënvi êwP‡Î Avg Zzjbvnxb| cvKv Av‡g h‡_ó
cwigv‡Y K¨v‡ivwUb ev wfUvwgb ÔGÕ Ges LwbR c`v_© _v‡K| wfUvwgb ÔGÕ-Gi w`K
†_‡K Av‡gi ¯’vb c„w_exi cÖvq mKj d‡ji Dc‡i|
Av‡gi RvZt
evwi Avg-1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 Av¤ªcvwj
dRwj †Mvcvj‡fvM
j¨vsov †gvnb‡fvM
wÿikv‡fvM Avwk¦bv
nuvwofv½v ¸wU
Drcv`b cÖhyw³
gvwUt Mfxi, mywb®‹vwkZ, De©i †`vAvuk gvwU Avg Pv‡li Rb¨ DËg| DuPz I gvSvix
DuPz Rwg wbe©vPb Ki‡Z n‡e|
Rwg ˆZwit Pvl I gB w`‡q mgZj Ges AvMvQvgy³ K‡i wb‡Z n‡e|
17
†ivcY c×wZt mgZj f~wg‡Z eM©vKvi ev AvqZvKvi Ges cvnvwo f~wg‡Z K›Uzi c×wZ‡Z
Pvl Kiv hvq| GK eQi eq¯‹ my¯’, mej I †ivMgy³ Kj‡gi Pviv †ivcY Ki‡Z n‡e|
Pviv †ivc‡Yi mgqt ˆR¨ô-Avlvp (ga¨-‡g †_‡K ga¨-RyjvB) Ges fv`ª-Avwk¦b gvm (ga¨-AvM÷
†_‡K ga¨-A‡±vei)
Pviv †ivc‡Yi `~iZ¡t 8 wgUvi|
MZ© ˆZwit M‡Z©i AvKvi 1 wg. X 1 wg.X 1 wg.|
mv‡ii cwigvYt
mv‡ii bvg cÖwZ M‡Z©
mv‡ii cwigvb
‰Re mvi 20-30 †KwR
wUGmwc 450-550 MÖvg
GgIwc 200-300 MÖvg
wRcmvg 200-230 MÖvg
wRsK mvj‡dU 40-6- MÖvg
Pviv †ivcYt MZ© fwZ©i 10-15 w`b ci Pvivi †Mvovq gvwUi ejmn M‡Z©i gvSLv‡b
†mvRvfv‡e jvMv‡Z n‡e| Pviv
†ivc‡Yi ci cvwb, LyuwU I †eovi eë¯’v Ki‡Z n‡e|
mvi cÖ‡qvMt Pviv †ivc‡Yi ci Mv‡Qi myôz e„w×i Rb¨ wbqwgZ mvi cÖ‡qvM Kiv
Avek¨K| MvQ e„w×i mv‡_ mv‡_
mv‡ii cwigvYI evov‡Z n‡e| eqm wfwË‡Z MvQ cÖwZ mv‡ii cwigvY wb‡¤œ †`Lv‡bv
n‡jvt-
mv‡ii bvg I cwigvY
Mv‡Qi eqm cuPv BDwi wUG GgIwc wRcm wRsK †evib
(eQi) †Mvei qv mwc (MÖv vg mvj‡dU mvi
(‡KwR) (MÖ (MÖv g) (MÖv (MÖvg) (MÖvg)
vg) g) g)
1-4 26 437 437 175 175 17 35
5-7 35 875 437 350 350 17 35
8-10 44 1312 875 437 437 26 52
11-15 52 1750 875 700 612 26 52
16-20 70 2625 1312 875 700 36 70
20-Gi D‡×© 87 3500 1750 1400 875 44 87
cÖ‡qvM c×wZt eqm †f‡` wbav©wiZ m¤ú~Y© cwigvY †Mvei, wUGmwc, wRcmvg,
wRsK mvj‡dU Ges ewiK GwmW Ges A‡a©K BDwiqv I A‡a©K GgIwc mvi ‡m‡Þ¤î
gv‡mi gvSvgvwS ‡_‡K †kl mg‡q cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e| Aewkó BDwiqv I GgIwc mvi mgvb
`yB fvM K‡i GK fvM gvP© gv‡mi gvSvgvwS mg‡q hLb dj gUi `vbvi g‡Zv nq ZLb Ges
Aewkó BDwiqv I GgIwc mvi dj msMÖ‡ni 1 gvm c~‡e© cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e| GLv‡b
D‡jøL¨ †h, Mv‡Qi Pvwiw`‡K †Mvov †_‡K Kgc‡ÿ 1 †_‡K 1.5 wg. `~‡i nvjKvfv‡e
Kzwc‡q gvwUi mv‡_ wgwk‡q mvi cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e| Mv‡Qi eqm †ewk n‡j GB
`~iZ¡ evo‡Z cv‡i| mvi cÖ‡qv‡Mi ci nvjKv †mP w`‡Z n‡e| GQvovI BDwiqv 2% (cÖwZ 1
wjUvi cvwb‡Z 20 MÖvg) `ªeY d‡ji gUi`vbv AvK…wZ Ae¯’vq GKevi Ges gv‡e©j AvK…
wZ Ae¯’vq Avi GKevi cÖ‡qv‡M AwaK Ges ¸YMZ gvb m¤úbœ djb cvIqv hvq|
18
†mP cÖ‡qvMt Pviv Mv‡Qi `ªæZ e„w×i Rb¨ Nb Nb †mP w`‡Z n‡e| djšÍ Mv‡Qi †ejvq
gyKzj †ei nIqvi 3 gvm Av‡M †_‡K †mP cÖ`vb eÜ ivL‡Z n‡e| Av‡gi gyKzj †dvUvi †kl
ch©v‡q 1 evi Ges dj gUi `vbvi AvK…wZ aviY ch©v‡q Avevi 1 evi †ewmb c×wZ‡Z †mP
cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e|
Wvj QuvUvBKiYt Mv‡Qi cÖavb KvÐwU hv‡Z †mvRvfv‡e 1 †_‡K 1.5 wgUvi I‡V
†mw`‡K j¶¨ †i‡L Mv‡Qi †Mvovi AcÖ‡qvRbxq kvLv †K‡U †dj‡Z n‡e| cÖwZ eQi el©vi
†k‡l giv, †ivMvµvšÍ I `ye©j Wvjcvjv †K‡U w`‡Z nq|
ciMvQv `gbt Avg Mv‡Q GKvwaK Rv‡Zi AvMvQv Rb¥v‡Z ‡`Lv hvq, hv Mv‡Qi
¯^vfvweK e…w× I ¯^v‡¯’ï c«wZ ¶wZKi| ciMvQvmg~‡n wkK‡oi g‡Zv GK cÖKvi
n‡÷vwiqv nq, hv Mv‡Qi g‡a¨ cÖ‡ek K‡i im ‡kvlY K‡i Ges `ye©j K‡i| ciMvQvi
cÖv`yf©ve ‡ewk n‡j Mv‡Qi cvZvi AvKvi †QvU nq I d¨vKv‡m nq Ges A‡bK mgq MvQ
gviv hvq| Gi d‡j Mv‡Qi djb gvivZ¥Kfv‡e K‡g hvq| ZvB fv‡jv djb †c‡Z n‡j Aek¨B
ciMvQv AcmviY Ki‡Z n‡e|
Mv‡Qi gyKzj fv½bt Kjg Mv‡Qi eqm 3 eQi c~Y© bv nIqv ch©šÍ gyKzj †f‡½ w`‡Z n‡e|
[
dj msMÖnt Mv‡Q wKQy msL¨K Av‡gi †euvUvi wb‡Pi Z¡K hLb mvgvb¨ njy`vf is aviY
K‡i A_ev AvavcvKv Avg MvQ †_‡K cov Avi¤¢ K‡i ZLb Avg msMÖn Kivi Dchy³ mgq|
MvQ SvKx w`‡q Avg bv †c‡o †QvU Mv‡Qi †¶‡Î nvZ w`‡q Ges eo Mv‡Qi †¶‡Î Rvwjhy³
euv‡ki mvnv‡h¨ Avg msMÖn Kiv fv‡jv|
Ab¨vb¨ cwiPh©v
Avg Gi gyKyj Siv mgm¨v I KiYxq t
Av‡gi gyKyj Avmv I dj aivi mgqUv LyeB ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| KvswLZ djb cvIqvi Rb¨ G mgq
h_vh_ eë¯’v ‡bqv Acwinvh©| Avg Pvl Ki‡Z wM‡q Avg Pvlxiv ‡hme mgm¨vq c‡ob
Zvig‡a¨ Av‡gi ¸wU Siv Ab¨Zg| Avg Mv‡Q ¸wU Avmvi ci bvbv Kvi‡Y ¸wU S‡i hvq|
Gm‡ei KviY I Zvi cÖwZKvi wb‡q wb‡P Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jvt
cÖvK…wZK KviY t
mvaviYZ AvgMv‡Q cÖwZ gyKy‡j GK nvRvi ‡_‡K Qq nvRvi ch©šÍ cyiæl I ¯¿x dyj _v‡K|
Zvi g‡a¨ cÖv_wgKfv‡e cÖwZ †_vKvq RvZ‡f‡` GK †_‡K 30wU Av‡gi ¸wU ai‡Z ‡`Lv
hvq| ¸wU Avmvi 25 ‡_‡K 50 w`‡bi g‡a¨ cÖwZ †_vKvq gvÎ GK ‡_‡K `ywU ¸wU _v‡K|
evwK ¸wU cÖvK…wZK ev Af¨šÍixY Kvi‡Y S‡i hvq| Z‡e ‡Kv‡bv ‡Kv‡bv gyKy‡j K`vwPr
Pvi †_‡K cvuPwU Avg ai‡Z †`Lv hvq| G‡ÿ‡Î Av‡gi AvKvi †QvU nq|
cÖwZKvi/ KiYxqt AwZwi³ ¸wU S‡i bv co‡j Av‡gi AvKvi †QvU nq Ges Av‡gi ¸YMZ gvb
I djb K‡g hvq| c«wZwU gyKy‡j GKwU K‡i ¸wU _vK‡j ‡m eQi Av‡gi ev¤úvi djb nq| Z‡e
cÖwZ gyKy‡j Av‡gi msL¨v evov‡bvi Rb¨ dyj ‡dvUvi 10 I 20 w`b ci `yBevi 10 wjUvi
cvwb‡Z 6 MÖvg nv‡i ‡evwiK GwmW †¯úª Ki‡j fv‡jv djb cvIqv hvq| Avevi, dyj †dvUv
Ae¯’vq wR‡e‡iwjK GwmW cÖwZ wjUvi cvwb‡Z 50 wgwjMÖvg nv‡i †¯úª Ki‡j Av‡gi
¸wU Siv K‡g hvq|
gvwU‡Z i‡mi Afve n‡jt
19
gvwU‡Z i‡mi Afve n‡jI Av‡gi ¸wU S‡i hvq| Av‡gi e…w×i cÖv_wgK ch©v‡q A_©vr
gvP©-GwcÖj gv‡m e„wócvZ Kg nIqvq gvwU‡Z i‡mi Afve ‡`Lv ‡`q| gvwU‡Z i‡mi Afve
n‡j Av‡gi †evuUvq ZvovZvwo wb‡g©vPb ¯Íi MwVZ nq| d‡j Av‡gi ¸wU S‡i hvq|
cÖwZKvi/ KiYxq t
gvwU‡Z i‡mi Afv‡e Av‡gi ¸wU S‡i ‡M‡j Mv‡Qi Pvicv‡k wbqwgZ ‡mP w`‡Z n‡e| Av‡gi
¸wU gUi`vbvi g‡Zv n‡jB cÖ_‡g GKevi Mv‡Qi ‡Mvovq cvwb ‡mP w`‡Z n‡e| cÖ_g ‡mP
‡`qvi ci †_‡K e„wócvZ bv nIqv ch©šÍ 15 w`b cici †mP w`‡Z n‡e| ‡m‡Pi cvkvcvwk
ni‡gvb cÖ‡qvM K‡iI Av‡gi ¸wU Siv Kgv‡bv hvq| ‡hgb, Av‡gi ¸wU gUi`vbvi g‡Zv n‡j
cÖwZ wjUvi cvwb‡Z 20 MÖvg BDwiqv mvi A_ev cÖwZ 4.5 wjUvi cvwb‡Z `yB
wgwjwjUvi nv‡i cÖv‡Yvwd· ni‡gvb cvwb‡Z wgwk‡q Av‡gi ¸wU‡Z †¯úª Ki‡j ¸wU Siv
K‡g hvq|
†cvKvi AvµgY n‡j t
¸wU Avmvi ci cÖv_wgK ch©v‡q Av‡gi ¸wU‡Z ncvi ‡cvKvi AvµgY n‡Z cv‡i| G ‡cvKvi
Avµg‡Y 20 ‡_‡K 100 fvM ch©šÍ Av‡gi Drcv`b K‡g ‡h‡Z cv‡i| Avg Mv‡Q gyKyj Avmvi
mgq cÖwZwU gyKy‡j AmsL¨ ncvi wbç ‡`Lv ‡h‡Z cv‡i| G ‡cvKvi c~Y©eq¯‹ g_ I Kxov
¸wUi im ‡kvlY K‡i Lvq, d‡j Av‡gi ¸wU ïwK‡q S‡i hvq| Av‡gi gyKyj Avmvi ciciB ncvi
‡cvKvi AvµgY n‡Z cv‡i| ‡m ‡¶‡Î gyKy‡ji dyj ïwK‡q hvq Ges ‡Kv‡bv dj a‡i bv| G ‡cvKv
hLb gyKy‡ji im Pyl‡Z _v‡K ZLb G‡ì gjØvi w`‡q cÖPyi AvVv‡jv im wbtmiY nq| G im
gyKy‡ji dzj I cvZvq AvU‡K hvq| G‡Z ¸wU ‡gvì bvgK GK cÖKvi QÎvK R‡b¥ Ges `ªæZ
eskwe¯Ívi K‡i cvZvi DcwifvM ‡Q‡q ‡d‡j| d‡j cvZv Kv‡jv ‡`Lvq| meyR cvZv Kv‡jv
Av¯Íi‡Y XvKv _v‡K weavq mv‡jvK-ms‡køl‡Yi gva¨‡g Lv`¨ Drcv`b e¨vnZ nq| d‡j MvQ
`ye©j nq Ges djb K‡g hvq|
†iv‡Mi AvµgY n‡j t
mvaviYZt gvN-dvêy‡b Avg Mv‡Q gyKyj-dyj-¸wU Av‡m| Av‡gi G Ae¯’vq QÎvK RwbZ
bvbv ‡iv‡Mi Avµg‡Y Drcv`b e¨vcKfv‡e e¨vnZ n‡Z cv‡i| Gme QÎvK RwbZ ‡iv‡Mi
cvDWvwi wgjwWD Ab¨Zg| AvµvšÍ As‡k cvDWv‡ii ¸uovi g‡Zv GK cÖKvi wRwbm ‡`Lv
hvq| ‡iv‡Mi e¨vcK Ae¯’vq AvµvšÍ Ask mv`v cvDWv‡i gyKyj ‡X‡K hvq Ges Av‡gi ¸wU
S‡i c‡o| GQvovI A¨vb_ªvK‡bvR ‡iv‡Mi Kvi‡YI Av‡gi ¸wU S‡i ‡h‡Z cv‡i| gyKyj ev dyj G
‡iv‡M AvµvšÍ n‡j Zv Kv‡jv n‡q S‡i c‡o| ¸wU ev ‡QvU Ae¯’vq AvµvšÍ n‡j Av‡gi Mv‡q
a~mi ev`vwg ev Kv‡jv `vM c‡o| ‡ewk AvµvšÍ n‡j G¸‡jvI S‡i c‡o| Av‡gi gyKy‡j G ‡iv‡Mi
AvµgY n‡j Mv‡Qi me gyKyj bó n‡q ‡h‡Z cv‡i|
cÖwZKvi/ KiYxqt cvIWvix wgjwWI ‡iv‡Mi Rb¨ dyj Avmvi Av‡M GKevi Ges dyj aivi ci
GKevi mvjdvi RvZxq QÎvKbvkK ‡hgb Kygyjvm, g¨vKmvjdvi, w_IwfU, ibwfU 2 MÖvg
nv‡i cÖwZ wjUvi cvwb‡Z wgwk‡q †¯úª Ki‡Z nq| A¨vb_ªvK‡bvR ‡iv‡Mi ‡¶‡Î cÖwZ
wjUvi cvwb‡Z 1 wgwj: †cÖvwcKbvRj (wUë) ev 1 MÖvg Kv‡e©ÛvwRg (e¨vwfw÷b) ev 2
MÖvg WvB‡_b Gg 45 wgwk‡q 10 w`b AšÍi Mv‡Qi cvZv, gyKyj I Wvjcvjv fv‡jvfv‡e
wfwR‡q †¯úª Ki‡Z n‡e|
20
Av‡gi ncvi †cvKv I G¨vb_ªvK‡bvR †ivM `gb t †kvlK †cvKv (ncvi) Ges G¨vb_ªvK‡bvR
†ivM Av‡gi cÖavb kÎæ| wewfbœ ch©v‡q Giv Av‡gi ¶wZ
K‡i _v‡K| Z‡e gyKzj Ae¯’vq ¶wZi gvÎv me‡P‡q †ewk|
mwVK `gb eë¯’v MÖnb bv Kiv n‡j kZfvM dmj webó n‡Z
cv‡i| gyKyj Avmvi mgq †kvlK †cvKv (ncvi) Ges
G¨vb_ªvK‡bvR †iv‡Mi Avµg‡Y dzj S‡i hvq|
cÖwZKvit civMvqb wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e| Av‡gi gyKzj
G‡m‡Q wKšÍy dzj †duvUvi c~‡e©B A_©vr cy®cgÄix
Qovi ˆ`N¨© 5-10 †mwg: nq ZLb cÖwZ wjUvi cvwb‡Z mvBcvi‡gw_ªb
wicKW©/wmgeyk/†dbg/evmvw_ªb) 10 Bwm 1 wgwj: Ges wUë 250 Bwm 0.5 wgwj: nv‡i
wgwk‡q GKevi Ges Zvi GKgvm ci Avg gUi `vbvi AvK…wZ n‡j Av‡iKevi Mv‡Qi cvZv,
gyKzj I Wvjcvjv fvjfv‡e wfwR‡q †¯cÖ Ki‡Z n‡e|
Av‡gi †fvgiv †cvKv `gb
Av‡gi †fvgiv †cvKvi Kxov Av‡gi Mv‡q wQ`ª K‡i wfZ‡i Xy‡K kvum Lvq| mvaviYZt KwP
Av‡g wQ`ª K‡i Gi wfZ‡i Xy‡K Ges dj eo nIqvi mv‡_ mv‡_ wQ`ªwU eÜ n‡q hvq| GRb¨
evB‡i †_‡K AvgwU fvj g‡b n‡jI wfZ‡i Kxov cvIqv hvq| GKevi †Kvb Mv‡Q G †cvKvi
AvµgY n‡j cÖwZ eQiB †m MvQwU AvµvšÍ n‡q _v‡K| µ‡g µ‡g cvk¦©eZx© MvQ mg~‡n
Zv Qwo‡q c‡o| mvaviYZt Kj‡gi Avg Mv‡Q G †cvKvi AvµgY Kg nq|
cÖwZKvi
 gyKzj Avmvi c~‡e© †cŠl-gvN gv‡m m¤ú~Y© evMvb ev cÖwZwU Avg Mv‡Qi
Pviw`‡K 4 wgUv‡ii g‡a¨ mKj AvMvQv cwi®‹vi K‡i fvjfv‡e gvwU Kzwc‡q D‡ë
w`‡j gvwU‡Z _vKv DBwfj¸‡jv aŸsm nq|
 Avg msMÖ‡ni ci Mv‡Qi mg¯Í ciMvQv I ciRxex Dw™¢` aŸsm Ki‡Z n‡e|
 d‡ji gv‡e©j Ae¯’vq cÖwZ wjUvi cvwb‡Z 1 wgwj nv‡i mvBcvi†gw_ªb
(wicKW©/wmgeym/†dbg/ evmvw_ªb)10 Bwm wgwk‡q Mv‡Qi KvÐ, Wvj I cvZv
fvjfv‡e wfwR‡q 10-15 w`b AšÍi 2-3 evi †¯úÖ Ki‡Z n‡e|
Avg Mv‡Q Avg bv aivi KviY I cÖwZKv‡ii Dcvq

wewfbœ Kvi‡Y Avg Mv‡Q Avg a‡i bv| Gme Kvi‡Yi g‡a¨ D‡jøL‡hvM¨ n‡jv: ‡ivM, †hgb-
Av¨vb_«vK‡bvR I cvDWvwi wgjwWD ‡cvKv-gvKo †hgbt gvBU I wgwjevM, VvÛv
AvenvIqv, mvi I cÖæwbs| wb‡¤œ Gme KviY I cÖwZKv‡ii Dcvq eY©bv Kiv n‡jv t
1| Gb_ªvK‡bvRt QÎvK NwUZ ‡ivM| KyqvkvQbœ I wfRv AvenvIqvq G ‡ivM e¨vcK nv‡i
Qwo‡q c‡o|
†iv‡Mi j¶Yt ‡iv‡Mi j¶Y cvZvq, cvZvi ‡evUvq, Av‡gi gyKyj, dyj, KwP Avg ev Wvmv
Ae¯’vq ‡`Lv hvq| cvZvq AvµvšÍ n‡j †QvU †QvU a~mi ev`vwg ev Kv‡jv `vM c‡o|
µgvš^‡q `vM¸‡jv GKwÎZ n‡q eo `v‡Mi m„wó nq| ‡evUvq AvµgY n‡j cvZv S‡i c‡o| Av‡gi
gyKyj, dyj ev KwP Ae¯’vq QÎv‡Ki Avµgb n‡j †QvU †QvU Kv‡jv Kv‡jv `vM c‡o Ges S‡i
c‡o| Avg Wvmv Ae¯’vq AvµvšÍ n‡j Av‡gi Mv‡q a~mi ev`vwg ev Kv‡jv `vM nq| †Kvb
†Kvb mgq AvµvšÍ ¯’vb †d‡U hvq ev ‡dv¯‹vi m„wó nq| Gi d‡j Avg cuP‡Z ïiæ K‡i|
`gb eë¯’vcbvt
AvµvšÍ cvZv, giv Wvj, S‡i cov cvZv/Avg msMÖn K‡i cywo‡q/gvwU‡Z Pvcv w`‡Z n‡e|
AvgevMvb cwi®‹vi ivL‡Z n‡e|
21
2| cvDWvwi wgjwWDt QÎvKRwbZ ‡ivM|
3| wgwjevMt ev”Pv KwP WMv I gyKyj ‡_‡K im Py‡l Lvq; G Kvi‡Y WMv ïwK‡q hvq Ges
djb gvivZ¥Kfv‡e e¨vnZ nq| im ‡Pvlvi mv‡_ mv‡_ Giv AvVv‡jv gayim wbtmiY K‡i hv dzj-dj I
Mv‡Qi cvZvq AvU‡K _v‡K Ges ‡mLv‡b ïwU ‡gvì R‡b¥|
cÖwZKvit AvµvšÍ cvZv I WMv msMÖn K‡i gvwU‡Z cyu‡Z ‡dj‡Z n‡e ev cywo‡q ‡dj‡Z
n‡e| Avµg‡Yi gvÎv ‡ewk n‡j WvB‡g_‡qU RvZxq KxUbvkK (UvdMi/cvi‡dKw_qb) cÖwZ
wjUvi cvwb‡Z 2 wgwj: nv‡i wgwk‡q 15 w`b cici 2-3 evi AvµvšÍ Mv‡Q wQUv‡Z n‡e|
GwcÖj-‡g gv‡m Mv‡Qi ‡Mvovi Pviw`‡K Lyu‡o w`‡Z n‡e| wW‡m¤î gv‡m gvwU ‡_‡K
30-45 †mwg: Dc‡i Mv‡Qi Kv‡Û MÖxR I AvjKvZiv 1:2 Abycv‡Z A_ev ‡iwRb I K¨v÷i
A‡qj 4:5 Abycv‡Z wgwk‡q AvVv‡jv eÜbx AvKv‡i cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e|
4| VvÛvt AwZwi³ VvÛvi Kvi‡Y Avg Mv‡Q dj bv ai‡Z cv‡i| ZvB ‡Lvjv‡gjv RvqMvq
evwoi `w¶Y ev c~e© w`‡K Avg MvQ jvMv‡Z n‡e|
5| AwZwi³ mvit AwZwi³ mv‡ii cÖfv‡e Avg Mv‡Q dj aivi mgm¨v n‡Z cv‡i| GRb¨ Avg
Mv‡Qi Pvicv‡k dmdivm RvZxq mvi ev nv‡oi ¸ov cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e|
6| AwZwi³ cvwbt gvÎvwZwi³ cvwb cÖ‡qv‡MI Avg Mv‡Q dj aviY mgm¨v nq| GRb¨
cwiwgZ gvÎvq cvwb cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e|
7| cÖæwYs t Mv‡Qi cÖæwYs Gi Kvi‡Y Avg Mv‡Q dj aviY mgm¨v nh| myZivs
gvÎvwZwi³ cÖæwYs eÜ Ki‡Z n‡e| ïay cÖ‡qvR‡b fvOv ev Amy¯’ A½ Acmvib Ki‡Z n‡e|
Avg Mv‡Qi Ab-Bqvi I Ad-Bqvi mgm¨v I cÖwZKvi
Avg Mv‡Qi eû mgm¨vi g‡a¨ GKwU eo mgm¨v n‡jv cÖwZ eQi dyj I dj bv Avmv| ‡`Lv
‡M‡Q, G‡Kev‡iB dyj nq bv ev n‡jI ‡Kv‡bv ‡Kv‡bv eQi Lye Kg nq| hLb A‡bK Mv‡Q GK
eQi Lye dyj nq Avi c‡ii eQi G‡Kev‡iB nq bv ev Lye mvgvb¨ nq Ges Z…Zxq eQi Avevi
Lye ‡ewk dyj Avi PZy_© eQi wKQyB bv ev Kg A_©vr Giv GKUy Q‡›ì g‡Zv P‡j| GB
iKg n‡j ejv nq Aëvi‡bU ev evwqwbqvj ‡eqvwis| Avevi ‡hme Mv‡Q nq‡Zv GK eQi Lye
‡ewk dyj n‡jv, Zvici `y-wZb eQi n‡jv bv ev Kg n‡jv, wKsev cici `yB-wZb eQi ‡ek dyj n‡jv
Zvici GK eQi ev K‡qK eQi eÜ _v‡K A_©vr Giv GKUy G‡jvcvZvwo ai‡Yi| G‡ì ejv nq
B‡i¸jvi ‡eqvivi| GB `ywU mgm¨v A‡bK Avg Mv‡Q ‡`Lv hvq| ‡h eQi Lye ‡ewk dyj nq,
‡mB eQiwU‡K D`¨vb weÁv‡b ejv nq Ab Bqvi, Avi webv djb ev Kg dj‡bi eQi‡K ejv nq
Ad-Bqvi|
m¤¢ve¨ KviY
K. Rv‡Zi ‰ewkó¨
Av‡gi ‡h RvZ¸‡jv ‡Kej kvLvi AMÖfv‡M dyj aviY K‡i RvZ¸‡jvi ch©vq µwgK A_©vr GK
eQi AšÍi dj Drcv`b nq| yyGB mgm¨v me Rv‡Zi Av‡gi g‡a¨ ‡`Lv hvq bv wKš‘ wKQy fv‡jv
Av‡gi Rv‡Zi g‡a¨ ‡hgb j¨vsov, wLimvcvZ, ‡Mvcvj‡fvM BZ¨vw`‡Z mgm¨vwU fv‡jvfv‡e
‡`Lv hvq| Avi wKQy wKQy Av‡gi RvZ Av‡Q hv‡ì Ad Bqv‡i dyj I dj nq, Z‡e A‡c¶vK…
Z Kg ‡hgb-dRwj| Avevi ‡h RvZ¸‡jv kvLvi AMÖfv‡e cÖ_g eQi I c‡ii eQi kvLvi K‡¶
cy®úgyKyj Drcbœ Ki‡Z cv‡i ‡m RvZ¸‡jv wbqwgZfv‡e Kg/‡ewk dj Drcv`b Ki‡Z cv‡i,
†hgb- evwi Avg-1, evwi Avg-2, evwi Avg-3, evwi Avg-4 BZ¨vw`|
L. Mv‡Qi eqm
22
‡hme Rv‡Zi g‡a¨ mgm¨vwU ‡`Lv hvq ‡hgb- j¨vsov| wKš‘ hLb IB j¨vsov Mv‡Qi eqm Kg
ZLb mgm¨vwU _v‡K bv A_©vr cÖ_g w`‡K cÖwZ ev‡iB dyj nq wKš‘ mvaviYZ: 15-20
eQi eq‡mi ci Zviv GB ¸bwU nvwi‡q ‡d‡j|
M. Mv‡Qi Wv‡ji eqm

gyKyj aivi Rb¨ Wv‡ji eqm Kgc‡¶ 4-5 gvm nIqv ìKvi| Z‡e ‡hme Wv‡ji eqm 8-10 gv‡mi nq
‡mme Wv‡j ‡ewk gyKyj a‡i|
N. cvZvIqvjv gyKyj
Av‡gi gyKyj ‡ewki fvM ‡¶‡Î Wv‡ji WMvq Av‡m Ges Ici w`‡K Av‡¯Í Av‡¯Í myPv‡jv
n‡q hvq, hv ‡`L‡Z wcivwg‡Wi g‡Zv| Dc-kvLv¸‡jv dy‡j fiv _v‡K, Zv‡Z cvZv _v‡K bv|
wKš‘ wKQy wKQy Rv‡Zi MvQ Av‡Q,hv‡ì gyKy‡j ïay dyjB _v‡K bv, ‡mB m‡½ cvZvI
_v‡K| evwi Avg-3, evwi Avg-4 BZ¨vw`‡Z ‡ewk cvZvIqvjv gyKyj ‡`Lv hvq| dRwj Mv‡QI
wKQymsL¨K cvZvIqvjv gyKyj nq, ZvB GB RvZ¸‡jv cÖvq cÖwZ eQi ‡gvUvgywU dj
Av‡m| Ab¨vb¨ Rv‡ZI gv‡S g‡a¨ wKQy wKQy cvZvIqvjv gyKyj ‡`Lv hvq| cvZvIqvjv
c¨vwbKj‡K wg·W c¨vwbKj e‡j|
O. Wv‡j kK©iv I bvB‡U«v‡R‡bi AbycvZ
Av‡gi GKwU Wv‡j gyKyj Avm‡Z n‡j, dyj Avmvi Av‡M WvjwU‡Z ch©vß cwigv‡Y
kK©iv I bvB‡U«v‡Rb `yB-B _vK‡Z n‡e Avi ïay ZvB bq, kK©ivi fvM bvB‡U«v‡R‡bi
fv‡Mi ‡P‡q h‡_ó ‡ewk _vK‡Z n‡e Z‡eB gyKyj Avm‡e| Avi hw` `ywUi fvM mgvb nq ev
we‡kl K‡i WvjwUi bvB‡U«v‡R‡bi gvÎv kK©ivi ‡P‡q ‡ewk nq, Zvn‡j H WvjwUi WMvq,
emšÍKv‡j gyKyj Avmvi e`‡j cvZv G‡m hv‡e|
P. Dw™¢` ni‡gv‡bi ‰elg¨

Avg Mv‡Qi GB mgm¨vwUi Rb¨ Dw™¢` ni‡gvb ÔAw·bÕ, ÔwR‡e‡iwjbÕ I we‡kl K‡i
Ô‡M«v_ BbwnweUiÕ RvZxq ni‡gvb¸‡jv `vqx e‡j g‡b Kiv nq|
cÖwZKvi
 evwYwR¨K RvZ ‡hgb- ‡Mvcvj‡fvM, j¨vsov, wLimvcvZ, Avwk¦bv BZ¨vwì Aëvi‡bU
‡eqvwis n¨vweU Av‡Q Ges evwi Avg-1, evwi Avg-2, evwi Avg-3, evwi Avg-4 BZ¨vw`
‡i¸jvi ‡eqvii RvZ| ZvB evMv‡b ïay Aëvi‡bU ‡eqvivi Rv‡Zi MvQ bv jvwM‡q, AšÍZ
wKQy msL¨K ‡i¸jvi ‡eqvivi RvZI jvMv‡bv DwPZ| G‡Z cÖwZ eQiB evMvb ‡_‡K
wKQy bv wKQy djb cvIqv hv‡e|
 evMv‡bi MvQ¸‡jv‡K AwaK Drcv`b¶g Kivi Rb¨ Aek¨B Avg evMvb eQ‡i 3 evi el©vi
Av‡M, el©vi c‡i I kxZKv‡j jvOj, cvIqvi wUjvi A_ev ‡Kv`vj Øviv Kzwc‡q fv‡jvfv‡e
Mfxi Pvlvev` Ki‡Z n‡e| d‡j evMv‡bi AvMvQv gviv hv‡e Ges gvwUi mv‡_ wg‡k
‰Remv‡i cwiYZ n‡e| gvwUi ‡fZiKvi ‡cvKv-gvKoI g‡i ‰Re c`v_© wn‡m‡e gvwU‡Z
‡hvM n‡e| ZvQvov gvwUi Av`ª©Zv aviY¶gZv e…w× cv‡e Ges cywó Dcv`vb¸‡jv
Mv‡Qi MÖn‡Yi Dc‡hvMx n‡e|
 Mv‡Qi e…w× I ‡ewk dj‡bi Rb¨ mwVK mg‡q, mwVK cwigv‡Y I mwVK c×wZ‡Z mvi I
‡mP ‡`qv Avek¨K| wewfbœ eq‡mi
Avg Mv‡Q mvi cÖ‡qv‡Mi cwigvY I cÖ‡qvM c×wZ QK-1 G ‡`Lv‡bv n‡jvt
23
 eQ‡i `yÕevi mvi cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e| el©vi ïiæ‡Z GKevi Ges el©vi ‡k‡l Avi GKevi|
GKev‡iI me mvi cÖ‡qvM Kiv ‡h‡Z cv‡i| Z‡e fvM K‡i cÖ‡qvM Ki‡j ‡ewk jvfevb nIqv
hvq| gvwU‡Z cÖ‡qvRbxq cvwb/i‡mi Afve n‡j mvi cÖ‡qv‡Mi ci ‡m‡Pi eë¯’v Ki‡Z n‡e|
wdWvi iæU¸‡jv Mv‡Qi ‡Mvov ‡_‡K `~‡i _v‡K| weÁvbx‡ì g‡Z Mv‡Qi eqm Abyhvqx G
`~iZ¡ (gvSvgvwS ‡_‡K eo MvQ) 1.5-3.0 wgUvi ch©šÍ n‡Z cv‡i| Z‡e ‡QvU Pviv Mv‡Qi
‡¶‡Î 15-30 ‡mwg: n‡Z cv‡i| Kv‡RB ‡hLv‡b wdWvi iæU¸‡jv _v‡K ‡mLv‡bB mvi w`‡Z
n‡e| `yB fv‡e mvi ‡`qv hvq| bvjv c×wZ‡Z Mv‡Qi ‡Mvov ‡_‡K cÖ‡qvRb Abyhvqx 2-3.0
wgUvi `~‡i 30 ‡mwg: cÖk¯’ I 15-20 ‡mwg: Mfxi K‡i PµvKv‡i bvjv ‰Zwi K‡i Zv‡Z mvi
w`‡Z n‡e| c‡i gvwU Øviv ‡X‡K w`‡Z n‡e| A_ev `ycyi ‡ejv ‡h RvqMvq Mv‡Qi Qvqv c‡o
‡mB RvqMvq mvi wQwU‡q ‡Kv`vj Øviv Kywc‡q fv‡jvfv‡e gvwUi mv‡_ wgwk‡q w`‡Z
n‡e| ‡Kv`vj Øviv Kycv‡bvi mgq ‡mvRv bv Kywc‡q cvk¦©fv‡e ‡Kvcv‡Z n‡e hv‡Z K‡i
Mv‡Qi wkKo bv Kv‡U|
 evMv‡b wbqwgZfv‡e ‡mP w`‡Z n‡e| Rwg‡Z KLbB ‡hb i‡mi Uvb bv c‡o| M‡elYvq
‡`Lv ‡M‡Q, djšÍ Avg Mv‡Q `yBevi ‡ewmb c×wZ‡Z ‡mP ‡`qv cÖ‡qvRb| cÖ_gevi
c¨vwbKj hLb 6-8 BwÂ (15-20 ‡mwg.) j¤^v nq Ges wØZxqevi hLb dj gUi `vbvi g‡Zv nq|
G‡Z dj Gi AvKvi, gvb I djb fv‡jv nq| cÖPÛ Liv ‡`Lv w`‡j Ges dj Sivi cwigvY ‡ewk n‡j
ZLbI ‡mP w`‡Z n‡e| Mv‡Q dyj Avmvi Kgc‡¶ 2-3 gvm Av‡M ‡mP ‡`qv eÜ Ki‡Z n‡e|
KviY G mgq evW wWdv‡ibwk‡qkb nq| d‡j MvQ Aí cvwbi Afve cQ›` K‡i| wKš‘ hw`
‡mP ‡`qv nq A_ev e…wó n‡q hvq Zvn‡j Mv‡Qi dy‡ji cwie‡Z© bZyb cvZv MRv‡e
‡ewk K‡i KviY weU‡c we`¨gvb Kve©b I bvB‡U«v‡R‡bi AbycvZ ‡e‡o hvq| G ‡¶‡Î
bvB‡U«v‡R‡bi cwigvY ‡e‡o ‡M‡j bZyb cvZv MRv‡e|
 mvaviYZt Avg Mv‡Qi Wvj QvuUvB cÖ‡qvRb nq bv| KviY Av‡gi gyKyj Av‡m 4-5 gvm
eq‡mi weUc Gi gv_vq| Z‡e ‡QvU Ges eq¯‹ Mv‡Qi g…Z, ïKbv ‡ivMvµvšÍ kvLv I
‡KejgvÎ eq¯‹ Mv‡Qi ciRxex Dw™¢` Øviv AvµvšÍ kvLv Avg cvovi ci ciB QvuUvB Kiv
ìKvi| ZvQvov Mv‡Qi ‡fZ‡ii A‡bK my¯’ Wvj _v‡K ‡h¸‡jv‡Z dyj a‡i bv ‡m¸‡jv
QvuUvB Kiv ìKvi| QvuUvB Ggbfv‡e Ki‡Z n‡e ‡hb Mv‡Qi ‡fZ‡i cÖPyi cwigv‡Y
m~h©v‡jvK cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z cv‡i| KvUv Wv‡ji gv_vq ‡ev‡`©v‡c‡÷i cÖ‡jc w`‡Z n‡e hv‡Z
K‡i ‡iv‡Mi AvµgY n‡Z bv cv‡i| ‡c÷ ‰Zwi Rb¨ ZyuZ 250 MÖvg I Pyb 250 MÖvg wb‡q
Ggbfv‡e GK wjUvi cvwb‡Z wgkv‡Z n‡e hv‡Z K‡i ‡c÷ ‰Zwi nq| G ‡c÷ ‰Zwii 12 NÈvi
g‡a¨ eªv‡ki gva¨‡g Wv‡ji KvUv As‡k cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e| M‡elYvq ‡`Lv ‡M‡Q,Wvj
QvuUvB Gi Av‡M MvQ wbqwgZ Ges h‡_ó cwigv‡Y ¸Y m¤úbœ dj ‡`q| G‡Z cÖwZ eQi
dj bv Avmvi mgm¨v wKQyUv Kgv‡bv hvq|
 ‡h eQi Mv‡Q cÖPyi dyj Av‡m, ‡m eQi hw` Mv‡Qi A‡aK© dyj ‡f‡O ‡`qv nq, Zvn‡j
Mv‡Qi ‡mB Ask bZyb kvLv Drcbœ Ki‡e| AvMvgx eQi ‡mB As‡k dyj I dj Drcbœ Ki‡e|
Gfv‡e Avg MvQ ‡_‡K wbqwgZ djb cvIqv ‡h‡Z cv‡i|
Ab¨vb¨ cÖhyw³ t
Mig cvwb‡Z Avg †kvab t
MvQ †_‡K Avg msMÖ‡ni ci ciB Avg 52-550 †m. ZvcgvÎvq Mig cvwb‡Z 5-7 wgwbU
Wywe‡q †kva‡bi gva¨‡g †euvUv cPv I G¨vb_ªvK‡bvR †ivM `gb K‡i Av‡gi msi¶YKvj
AwZwi³ GK mßvn evov‡bv hvq Ges msMÖ‡nvËi AcPq †iva Kiv m¤¢e| Mig cvwb‡Z Avg
†kva‡bi GKwU hš¿I (nU IqvUvi wUªU‡g›U cø¨v›U) D™¢veb Kiv n‡q‡Q| G h‡š¿i
mvnv‡h¨ cvwbi ZvcgvÎv I †kva‡bi mgq wVK †i‡L cÖwZ NÈvq 1 Ub Avg †kvab Kiv hvq|
D”P ¶gZv m¤úbœ nIqvq cÖwZ †KwR Av‡gi †kvab LiP 40-50 cqmv|
24
Avg Drcv`‡bi d«zU e¨vwMs c×wZ:
¸YMZ gvbm¤úbœ, wbivc` I welgy³ dj Drcv`‡bi j‡¶¨
evsjv‡`k K…wl M‡elYv Bbw÷wUD‡Ui AvÂwjK
D`¨vbZË¡ M‡elYv †K›`ª, PuvcvBbeveMÄ `xN©w`b
hver M‡elYv Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv K‡i
AvmwQj| GiB avivevwnKZvq AÎ †K›`ª n‡Z
D™¢veb n‡jv d«zU e¨vwMs cÖhyw³wU|
GB cÖhyw³wU evsjv‡`‡k GKwU bZzb I m¤
¢vebvgq cÖhyw³ wn‡m‡e gvVch©v‡q
e¨vcK cwiwPwZ jvf K‡i‡Q| †h mg‡q Avgiv
wPwšÍZ I AvZswKZ wQjvg dj evMv‡b
evjvBbvk‡Ki AwZwi³ eënvi wb‡q G
mg‡qB Avg weÁvwbiv D™¢veb Ki‡jb
bZzb GB cÖhyw³i, hv ïay mvkªqxB bq
cwi‡ek evÜeI e‡U| cÖK…Zc‡¶ gvV
ch©v‡q evwYwR¨Kfv‡e Avg Drcv`b Ki‡Z wM‡q Pvlx‡ì wewfbœ mgm¨vq co‡Z nq| Gi
g‡a¨ D‡jøL‡hvM¨ n‡jv †ivM, †cvKvgvKo I cÖvK…wZK Kvi‡Y m„ó mgm¨v| d«zU
e¨vwMs cÖhyw³i gva¨‡g mn‡RB mKj mgm¨v¸‡jv‡K mgvavb K‡i fv‡jv gv‡bi Avg Drcv`b
Kiv hvq| d«zU e¨vwMs ej‡Z dj Mv‡Q _vKv Ae¯’vq we‡kl ai‡bi KvM‡Ri ˆZwi e¨vM Øviv
dj‡K Ave„Z Kiv‡K eySvq Ges Gi ci †_‡K dj msMÖn Kiv chšÍ Mv‡QB jvMv‡bv _vK‡e
e¨vMwU| GB e¨vM wewfbœ d‡ji Rb¨ wewfbœ is Ges AvKv‡ii n‡q _v‡K| Z‡e Av‡gi Rb¨
`yB ai‡Yi e¨vM eëüZ n‡q _v‡K| iwOb Av‡gi Rb¨ mv`v i‡Oi e¨vM Ges Ab¨ mKj Av‡gi
Rb¨ `yB Av¯Í‡ii ev`vgx e¨vM| eZ©gv‡b AvgPvlxiv `yB ¯Í‡ii ev`vwg e¨vM
evwYwR¨Kfv‡e Avg Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ eënvi Ki‡Qb Ges jvfevb n‡”Qb| Z‡e AvMvg
RvZmg~‡n GK ¯Í‡ii mv`v i‡Oi e¨vM eënvi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| e¨vwMs cÖhyw³ eënvi K‡I
Drcvw`Z djmg~n wbivc`, ¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z I ißvwb Dc‡hvMx|
e¨vwMs Kivi Dchy³ mgqt Av‡gi cÖvK…wZKfv‡e Siv eÜ n‡jB e¨vwMs ïiæ Ki‡Z n‡e|
evwi Avg-1, †Mvcvj‡fvM, wLimvcvZ, j¨vsov, evwi Avg-2, evwi Avg-6 Ges evwi Avg-7
Rv‡Zi †¶‡Î e¨vwMs Kiv nq 40-55 w`b eq‡m| GB mg‡q Avg RvZ‡f‡` gv‡e©j AvKv‡ii ev
Gi †P‡q eo n‡q _v‡K| Z‡e evwi Avg-3, 4, 8, dRwj, nvwofv½v, Avwk¦bv Ges †MŠogwZ
Av‡gi †¶‡Î ¸wUi eqm 65 w`b n‡jI e¨vwMs Kiv hv‡e| e¨vwMs Kivi c~‡e© Aek¨B
KxUbvkK I QÎvKbvkK wb‡`©wkZ gvÎvq fvjfv‡e wgwk‡q ïaygvÎ d‡j †¯cÖ Ki‡Z n‡e| dj
†fRv Ae¯’vq e¨vwMs Kiv wVK bq| Av‡gi †¶‡Î Kgc‡¶ wZbwU †¯cÖ †Ìqvi civgk© †Ìqv
n‡q _v‡K| †hgb cÖgevi Avg Mv‡Q gyKzj Avmvi AvbygvwbK 15-20 w`b c~‡e©,
wØZxqevi gyKzj Avmvi ci A_©vr Av‡gi gyKzj hLb 10-15 †mwg j¤^v n‡e wKš‘ dzj
dzU‡ebv Ges Avg hLb gUi `vbvig‡Zv n‡e ZLb Z…Zxqevi| myZivs Gi ciciB Av‡g †¯cÖ
K‡i e¨vwMs Kivi civgk© †Ìqv nq| e¨vwMs Kivi c~‡e©B giv gyKzj ev cyy¯úgÄyixi
Askwe‡kl, cÎ, DccÎ A_ev Ggb wKQz hv d‡ji ¶wZ Ki‡Z cv‡i †m¸‡jv wQ‡o †dj‡Z n‡e|
†h mKj GjvKvq Avg evwYwR¨Kfv‡e Pvlvev` nq bv ev ïaygvÎ cvwievwiK Pvwn`v c~i‡Y

Avg MvQ jvMv‡bv n‡q‡Q Ges GB mg¯Í Mv‡Q mgqgZ †¯úª Kiv nq bv ev †mB ai‡bi
cÖPjb GLbI GjvKvq Pvjy nqwb d‡j cÖwZ eQiB Zv‡ì Mv‡Q Avg a‡i wKš‘ †cvKv I
25
†iv‡Mi Kvi‡Y AwaKvsk Avg bó n‡q hvq| Gme AvgMv‡Q GB cÖhyw³wU me‡P‡q
Kvh©Ki| GQvovI †h mKj GjvKvq e„wócvZ †ewk nq Ges Avg †`wi‡Z cv‡K †m mKj
Av‡gi RvZ¸‡jv weeY© ev Kv‡iv is aviY Ki‡Z †`Lv hvq Ges gvwQ †cvKvi AvµgY †`Lv
hvq| †Kvb †Kvb †¶‡Î †`Lv hvq bvexRvZ Avwk¦bv‡Z 100 fvM Av‡gi gvwQ †cvKvi
Avµg‡Y bó n‡q hvq| †h mg¯Í evMv‡b Nb K‡i Avg jvMv‡bv n‡q‡Q Ges eZ©gv‡b Mv‡Qi
wfZ‡i m~‡h©i Av‡jv †cŠQvqbv †m mKj Mv‡Q
Av‡gi gvwQ †cvKv me‡P‡q †ewk ¶wZ K‡i
_v‡K| GLb ch©šÍ evsjv‡`‡k gvwQ †cvKv
`g‡bi Rb¨ hZ ai‡bi eë¯’v MÖnY Kiv
n‡q‡Q ev cÖPwjZ Av‡Q †KvbwU‡ZB GB
gvwQ †cvKv‡K kZfvM `gb Kiv m¤¢e bq
eis Avµg‡Yi nvi wKQzUv Kwg‡q ivLv hvq|
d«zU e¨vwMs cÖhyw³i gva¨‡g kZfvM †ivM
I †cvKvgvKo `gb Kiv hvq| Avg ißvwbi Rb¨
fvj gvbm¤úbœ, iwOb I †ivM I
†cvKvgvK‡oi AvµgY gy³ Avg cÖ‡qvRb|
wKš‘ cÖPwjZ c×wZ‡Z GB wZb êwk‡óï
mgš^q NUv‡bv m¤¢e bq| wewfbœ Avg ißvwbKvi †`‡k eûj cwiwPZ I eëüZ c×wZ n‡”Q
d«zU e¨vwMs cÖhyw³| GB cÖhyw³ Øviv me‡P‡q Kg cwigv‡Y evjvBbvkK eënvi K‡i
100% †ivM I †cvKvgvKo gy³ Avg Drcv`b Kiv m¤¢e| GQvovI e¨vwMs Kiv Avg msMÖ‡ni
ci 10-14 w`b ch©šÍ N‡i †i‡L LvIqv hvq| †mB mv‡_ iwOb, fvj gvbm¤úbœ wbivc` AvgI
cvIqv hvq| e¨vwMs cÖhyw³ n‡Z fvj djvdj cvIqvi Rb¨ K‡qKwU wel‡qi cÖwZ Aek¨B bRi
w`‡Z n‡e;
wbw`©ó mg‡q e¨vwMs Ki‡Z n‡e| e¨vwMs Kivi c~‡e© Avg¸wj‡K KxUbvkK I QÎvKbvkK
GK‡Î wgwk‡q ïaygvÎ d‡j †¯cÖ Ki‡Z n‡e| e¨vwMs Kivi Kgc‡¶ 2-3 NÈv c~‡e© †¯cÖ Ki‡Z
n‡e| Z‡e †¯cÖ Kivi c‡ii w`bI e¨vwMs Kiv hv‡e hw` e„wócvZ bv nq| dj †fRv Ae¯’vq
e¨vwMs Kiv DwPr bq| mwVK wbqgKvbyb I c×wZ AbymiY K‡i †h mKj Pvlx e¨vwMs
Ki‡Qb Zviv †ek fv‡jv A_©‰bwZKfv‡e jvfevb n‡”Qb| wbivc`, welgy³, ¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z I
ißvwb‡hvM¨ Avg Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ dzªU e¨vwMs cÖhyw³wU GKwU mnR, mvkªqx I jvfRbK
cÖhyw³ wn‡m‡e gvV ch©v‡q e¨vcK cwiwPwZ jvf K‡i‡Q|
eq¯‹ UK AvgMvQ‡K wgwó AvgMv‡Q iƒcvšÍiKiY t

evMv‡bi ‡Kv‡bv Mv‡Qi Av‡gi ¸Yv¸Y Lvivc n‡j ‡m MvQ‡K bó bv K‡i wfwbqvi Kj‡gi
gva¨‡g DbœwZ mvab Kiv qvq| eq¯‹ Mv‡Qi 2-3wU Wvj ‡K‡U w`‡j ‡mLvb ‡_‡K bZyb
kvLv ‡ei n‡j Zvi ci bZyb kvLv‡Z wfwbqvi Kjg K‡i wb‡Z n‡e| Gfv‡e 3-4 ev‡i KvR m¤úbœ
Ki‡Z n‡e|
cyiv‡bv evMvb bevqb t
Avg evMv‡bi eqm ‡ewk n‡j dj aviY K‡g hvq, ZvB G ‡¶‡Î MvQ ‡K‡U bv ‡d‡j cyi‡bv
Mv‡Qi fvwi kvLv ‡K‡U w`‡j ‡mLv‡b bZyb kvLv ‡ei n‡e Ges MvQ bevqb n‡q hv‡e|
Gfv‡e 2-3 eQ‡i evMvb bevqb Kiv hvq|
26
Awa‡ekb- 4 t iv¤^yUvb Pvl Kjv‡KŠkj
†mk‡bi D‡Ïk¨ t GB †mkb †k‡l cÖwk¶Yv_©xMY-
 iv¤^yUvb Pv‡li Kjv‡KŠkj m¤ú‡K© ej‡Z cvi‡eb|
mgq t 60 wgwbU|
c×wZ t cÖ‡kœvËi I eo `jxq Av‡jvPbv Ges gvwëwgwWqv cÖ`k©Y
 mnvqK wb‡R Zvi cwiPq w`‡eb Zvici mnvqK AskMÖnbKvix‡ì‡K †mk‡b ¯^vMZ
 mnvqK AskMÖnbKvix‡ì cÖ‡kœvËi I AskMÖnbg~jK Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g iv¤^yUvb
Drcv`b Kjv‡KŠkj m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Ki‡eb|
 cÖwkÿK AskMÖnbKvix‡ì wb‡q gv‡V hv‡eb Ges nv‡Z Kj‡g iv¤^yUvb Gi Pviv
jvMv‡bv, †ivcb `yiæZ¡, mvi cÖ‡qvM, Wvj QvUvBKiY I †mP eënvwiK †mk‡bi
 AskMÖnbKvix‡ì wbKU †_‡K cÖ‡kœvË‡ii gva¨‡g, Av‡jvPbv KZUzKz eyS‡Z
†c‡i‡Q Zv hvPvB K‡i †`L‡eb |
 iv¤^yUvb Gi `yBwU K‡i Rv‡Zi bvg ejyb?
 iv¤^yUvb Gi `yBwU K‡i †cvKvi bvg ejyb?
 iv¤^yUvb Gi †iv‡Mi bvg ejyb?
 iv¤^yUvb ‡ivc‡b mv‡ii gvÎv ejyb?
iv¤^yUvb
iv¤^yUvb AvKl©Yxq, AZ¨šÍ my¯^v`y I imv‡jv dj| mv`v,
¯^”Q, wgwó ¯^v` I MÜhy³ kuvm G d‡ji f¶Yxq Ask| Mv‡q
jvj I big KuvUv _vKvi Kvi‡Y G‡ì wjPz †_‡K wKQzUv
e¨wZµg †`Lvq| gv‡jwkqv I B‡›`v‡bwkqv‡ZB G‡ì
DrcwË¯’j Ges `w¶Y Pxb, B‡›`vPxb I wdwjcvBb ch©šÍ
GwU we¯Í…Z| evsjv‡`‡ki `w¶YvÂ‡ji †Rjvmg~n (†hLv‡b
kx‡Zi cÖK‚c Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e Kg) iv¤^yUvb Pv‡li Rb¨
AwaK Dc‡hvMx|
cywógvb
iv¤^yUvb ÔkK©ivÕ I wfUvwgb ÔwmÕ mg„× GKwU dj| Avnvi Dc‡hvMx cÖwZ 100
MÖvg d‡j (Rjxq Ask 2.1%, †cÖvwUb 0.9%, d¨vU 0.1%, 0.03% Avuk, 0.05% g¨vwjK
27
GwmW, 0.31% mvBwUªK GwmW), 2.8 MÖvg Møy‡KvR, 3.0 MÖvg d«zK‡UvR, 9.9
MÖvg my‡µvR, 2.8 MÖvg dvBevi, 70 wgwj MÖvg wfUvwgb wm, 15 wgwj MÖvg
K¨vjwmqvg, 0.1-2.5 wgwj MÖvg †jŠn, 140 wgwj MÖvg cUvwmqvg, I 10 wgwj MÖvg
g¨vM‡bwkqvg cvIqv hvq|
evwi iv¤^yZvb-1
we‡`k n‡Z msM„nxZ Rvg©cøvRg †_‡K evQvB
cwµqvi gva¨‡g D™¢vweZ RvZwU 2010 mv‡j
evsjv‡`‡k Pvlvev‡ì Rb¨ evwi iv¤^yZvb-1 bv‡g
Aby‡gv`b †`qv nq| wbqwgZ dj`vbKvix D”P djbkxj
RvZ| MvQ eo I †Svcv‡jv| dvêyb-ˆPÎ gv‡m Mv‡Q dzj
Av‡m, ˆPÎ-êkvL gv‡m dj a‡i| kªveY gv‡m dj AvniY
Dc‡hvMx nq, dj wW¤^vK„wZi, AvKv‡i eo (50
MÖvg)| cvKv d‡ji is AvKl©Yxq jvj‡P L‡qwi| d‡ji
Mv‡qi KuvUv (¯úvBb‡jU) †ek j¤^v I big| kuvm
cyiæZ¡, gvsmj, mv`v, big, imv‡jvm myMÜhy³ Ges wgwó (weª·gvb 19%)| exR †QvU I big,
Lv‡`¨vc‡hvMx Ask 58%| evsjv‡`‡ki me©Î Pvl‡hvM¨| †n±icÖwZ djb 10-12 Ub|
Pvl c×wZ:
Rjevqy I gvwUt iv¤^yUvb Dò I Av`ª© Rjevqy cQ›` K‡i| iv¤^yUvb d‡ji MvQ 22-350 †m.
ZvcgvÎv I 2000 †_‡K 3000 wgwg evwl©K e„wócvZ cQ›` K‡i| Gu‡Uj †ùvAvk gvwU
iv¤^yZvb Pv‡li Rb¨ me‡P‡q †ewk Dc‡hvMx| Z‡e Ee©i, mywb®‹vwkZ cwjgvwU I
†`vAuvk gvwU‡ZI iv¤^yUvb mvdj¨RbKfv‡e Pvl Kiv hvq| mywb®‹vwkZ D”P ˆRe c`v_©
m¤^wjZ gvwU‡Z Mv‡Qi g~‡ji e„w× I weKvk fvj nq| gvwUi A¤ø/¶viZ¡ (wcGBP 5.0-6.5)
iv¤^yZv‡bi Rb¨ me‡P‡q Dc‡hvMx| iv¤^yZvb ¯^í‡gqv`x Rjve×Zv mn¨ Ki‡Z cvi‡jI
`xN©¯’vqx Rjve×Zvq MvQ gviv hvq|
esk we¯Ívit A½R Dcv‡q A_ev ex‡Ri gva¨‡g iv¤^yUv‡bi esk we¯Ívi n‡q _vK‡jI gvZ…
¸Yv¸Y eRvq ivLvi Rb¨ A½R Dcv‡q esk we¯Ívi DËg| Kzuwo ms‡hvRb I ¸wUKjg c×wZ‡Z
iv¤^yUv‡bi esk we¯Ívi Kiv nq| 1-2 ermi eqmx kvLv †_‡K myß Kuzwo msMÖn K‡i 8-12
gvm eq‡mi iæU÷K ms‡hvRb Ki‡j fvj dj cvIqv hvq| GQvov ¸wU Kjg c×wZ‡Z mdjZvi nvi
†ewk Ges kªgmva¨| 1000-1500 wcwcGg Nb‡Z¡i AvBweG eënvi K‡i ¸wU Kj‡gi gva¨‡gI
mdjfv‡e iv¤^yZv‡bi esk we¯Ívi Kiv hvq|
Rwg ˆZwit iv¤^yUv‡bi Rb¨ mywb®‹vwkZ DuPz I gvSvix DuPz Ee©i Rwg wbe©vPb
Ki‡Z n‡e| ch©vqμwgK K‡qKwU Pvl I gB w`‡q Rwg mgvb K‡i wb‡Z n‡e| gv`v ˆZwii
c~‡e© Rwg †_‡K eûel©Rxex AvMvQv we‡kl K‡i DjyNvm mg~‡j AcmviY Ki‡Z n‡e|
†ivcY c×wZt mgZj f~wg‡Z eM©vKvi wKsev lofzRvKvi Ges cvnvox Rwg‡Z K›Uzi
c×wZ‡Z Kjg †ivcY Ki‡Z n‡e| Kjg †ivc‡Yi ci nvjKv I A¯’vqx Qvqvi eë¯’v Ki‡Z cvi‡j
fv‡jv|
†ivc‡Yi mgqt ga¨-†m‡Þ¤î †_‡K ga¨-A‡±vei Kjg †ivc‡Yi Dchy³ mgq|
gv`v ˆZwit Dfq w`‡K 8-10 wgUvi `~i‡Z¡ 1 X 1 X 1 wgUvi AvKv‡ii MZ© K‡i Db¥y³
Ae¯’vq ivL‡Z n‡e| Kjg †ivc‡Yi 10-15 w`b c~‡e© cÖwZ M‡Z© 25-30 †KwR cPv †Mvei,
500 MÖvg wUGmwc, 300 MÖvg GgIwc, 200 MÖvg wRcmvg I 50 MÖvg wRsK mvj‡dU
28
mvi M‡Z©i gvwUi mv‡_ fvjfv‡e wgwk‡q MZ© fivU K‡i †i‡L w`‡Z n‡e| gvwU‡Z i‡mi
Afve _vK‡j cvwb †mP w`‡Z n‡e|
Pviv †ivcYt MZ© fwZ©i 10-15 w`b ci wbe©vwPZ PvivwU †mvRvfv‡e M‡Z©i gvSLv‡b
jvwM‡q Kj‡gi Pviw`‡Ki gvwU nvZ w`‡q †P‡c fvjfv‡e ewm‡q w`‡Z n‡e Ges LyuwU w`‡q
†eu‡a w`‡Z n‡e hv‡Z evZv‡m Pvivi †Mvov b‡o bv hvq| †ivc‡Yi ciciB cvwb †mP w`‡Z
n‡e| Gici wbqwgZ cvwb †mP I cÖ‡qvR‡b †eovi eë¯’v Ki‡Z n‡e|
mvi cÖ‡qvMt eqm evovi mv‡_ mv‡_ Mv‡Qi h_vh_ e„w× I Kvw•¶Z dj‡bi Rb¨ mvi
cÖ‡qvM Kiv Avek¨K|
wewfbœ eq‡mi Mv‡Qi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq mv‡ii cwigvY wb¤œiæct

Mv‡Qi eqm (eQi) mv‡ii bvg I cwigvb
cPv †Mvei BDwiqv wUGmwc GgIwc (MÖvg)
(‡KwR) (MÖvg) (MÖvg)
1-2 10-15 200 250 150
2-4 15-20 300 450 300
5-7 20-25 450 750 450
8-10 25-30 750 1200 600
10-15 30-40 1200 1500 750
15-Gi D‡×© 40-50 1500 2000 1000
DwjøwLZ mvi mgvb wZb wKw¯Í‡Z cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e| cÖ_g wKw¯Í dj Avni‡Yi ci (fv`ª
gv‡m), wØZxq wKw¯Í kx‡Zi cÖvi‡¤¢ (KvwZ©K gv‡m) Ges †kl wKw¯Í Mv‡Q dj Avmvi
ci (êkvL-ˆR¨ô gv‡m) cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e| cÖ‡qvR‡b mvi cÖ‡qv‡Mi ci †mP cÖ`vb Ki‡Z
n‡e|
AvMvQv `gbt Mv‡Qi ¯^vfvweK e„w×i Rb¨ Rwg‡K AvMvQvgy³ ivLv cÖ‡qvRb| el©vi
ïiæ‡Z I el©vi †k‡l †Kv`vj Øviv Kzwc‡q ev Pvl w`‡q AvMvQv `g‡bi eë¯’v Ki‡Z n‡e|
cvwb †mP I wb®‹vkbt iv¤^yUvb MvQ Liv ms‡e`bkxj| Pvivi e„w×i Rb¨ ïK‡bv †gŠmy‡g
10-15 w`b cici †mP w`‡Z n‡e| djšÍ Mv‡Qi †ejvq m¤ú~Y© dzj †dvUv ch©v‡q GKevi, dj
gUi `vbvi g‡Zv n‡j GKevi Ges Gi 15 w`b ci AviI GKevi †gvU wZbevi †m‡Pi eë¯’v Ki‡Z
n‡e| mvi cÖ‡qv‡Mi ci †mP †`qv fvj| el©vi mgq hv‡Z Mv‡Qi †Mvovq cvwb bv R‡g Zvi
Rb¨ wb®‹vk‡bi eë¯’v Ki‡Z n‡e| G Qvov dzj Avmvi 6-8 mßvn Av‡M mvgvb¨ cvwbi
Kó/cxob w`‡j AvMvg I AwaK dzj dzU‡Z †`Lv hvq|
Wvj I gyKzj QuvUvBKiYt iv¤^yUvb MvQ‡K maviYZ j¤^v I Lvovfv‡e evo‡Z †`Lv hvq|
ZvB cÖg w`‡KB Mv‡Qi mwVKfv‡e cÖæwbs Kiv Riæwi| dj msMÖ‡ni cici d‡ji †evUv
†Mvov †_‡K †K‡U w`‡Z n‡e Zv‡Z Mv‡Qi bZzb Kuzwo¸‡jv `ªæZ e„w× cv‡e| g„Z,
†ivMvµvšÍ Ges jKj‡K Wvjcvjv¸‡jv wbqwgZ AcmviY Ki‡Z n‡e| Kj‡gi †¶‡Î Mv‡Qi
¯^vfvweK e„w×i Rb¨ cÖg 3-4 eQi ch©šÍ gyKzj Avm‡j Zv †K‡U w`‡Z n‡e|
dj msMÖnt mvaviYZ dj I ¯úvBb‡j‡Ui is jvj‡P eY© aviY Ki‡j dj msMÖn Ki‡Z n‡e|
Acwic° d‡j wgóZv I Ab¨vb¨ ¸Yvejx cwic° d‡ji Zyjbvq A‡bK Kg _v‡K| fvj evRvi g~j¨
29
cvIqvi Rb¨ dj jvj‡P L‡qix eY© aviY Kivi 10-12 w`‡bi g‡a¨ msMÖn Kiv fvj| Mv‡Q dj
AwZwi³ cvwK‡q msMÖn Ki‡j Gwij ïwK‡q k³ nq Ges d‡ji myMÜ I m¦v` K‡g hvq|
dm‡j/dj evMv‡b †¯úªi g~jbxwZ t
†cvKvi AvµgY ‡`Lv ‡`qv gvÎB evjvBbvk‡Ki ‡¯ú« Kivi wel‡q Riæwi c`‡¶c wb‡Z n‡e| †h
‡Kv‡bv evjvBbvkK †¯úª Ki‡Z 4wU g~jbxwZ Aek¨B ‡g‡b Pjv DwPZ| G¸‡jv n‡jv mwVK
evjvBbvkK wbe©vPb, mwVK ‡WvR ev gvÎv wba©viY, mwVK mgq wbe©vPb Ges
mwVK c×wZ AbymiY|
mwVK evjvBbvkK wbe©vPb t Av‡gi ‡ivM ev ¶wZKi ‡cvKv jvfRbKfv‡e I Kg Li‡P `gb
Ki‡Z mwVK Ilya wbe©vPb Kiv GKwU AZxe ¸iæZ¡c~Y© c`‡¶c| Ilya wbe©vP‡b ‡Kv‡bv
fyj n‡q _vK‡j ‡¯úª Kvh©µg m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c ‡f‡¯Í hvq| G‡Z kÖg, mgq I A‡_©i AcPq N‡U
DcišÍ Avmj D‡Ïk¨ m¤ú~Y©fv‡e e¨vnZ nq| ZLb K…lK KxUbvkK wWjvi‡ì wRÁvmv
K‡ib wK Ilya †¯úª Ki‡Z n‡e, GUv ‡gv‡UB wVK bq| G e¨vcv‡i mwVK civg‡k©i Rb¨
¯’vbxq K…wlKg©x, K…wl Awdm ev Avg M‡elYv ‡K‡›`ª ‡hvMv‡hvM Kiv DwPZ|
GKB MÖæ‡ci KxUbvkK ev QÎvKbvkK evi evi ‡¯úª bv K‡i gv‡S gv‡S cwieZ©b Kiv
DwPZ KviY GKB Ilya evi evi †¯úª Ki‡j ‡cvKv ev ‡iv‡Mi RxevYyi cÖwZ‡iva ¶gZv ‡e‡o
‡h‡Z cv‡i|
mwVK gvÎv wba©viY t mwVK evjvBbvkK mwVK gvÎvq eënvi Ki‡Z n‡e| evjvBbvk‡Ki
gvÎv Kg ev ‡ewk bv nIqvB DËg| Dchy³ gvÎv bv n‡j ‡ivM ev ‡cvKv-gvKo fv‡jvfv‡e `gb
Kiv m¤¢e nq bv| DcišÍ ‡iv‡Mi RxevYy ev ‡cvKvi g‡a¨ evjvBbvkK cÖwZ‡iva ¶gZv ‡e‡o
hvq| Avevi AwaK gvÎvq evjvBbvk‡Ki eënvi A‡_©i AcPq nq Ges djMv‡Qi Ici weiƒc
cÖwZwµqv ‡`Lv w`‡Z cv‡i| ZvB evjvBbvk‡Ki gvÎvi e¨vcv‡i mZK© nIqv cÖ‡qvRb| GRb¨
‡evZj ev c¨v‡K‡Ui Mv‡q wjwLZ wb‡`©kbv, K…wl weÁvbx‡ì Ges K…wlKg©xi
civgk©g‡Zv KvR Kiv DwPZ|
mwVK mgq wbe©vPb t K_vq e‡j, mg‡qi GK ‡dvuo Amg‡qi `k ‡dvuo| G K_v mZ¨ ‡h
‡Kv‡bv KvR mwVK mg‡q mgvav Ki‡Z cvi‡j evowZ kÖg I evowZ Li‡Pi AcPq ‡_‡K i¶v
cvIqv hvq| Avg Mv‡Q gyKyj Avmvi ci ‡_‡K djaviY ch©šÍ mgqUyKy ‡ek ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| G
mg‡q ‡ivM ev ‡cvKvi AvµgY n‡j MvwdjwZ Kiv ‡gv‡UB wVK bq| G mg‡q Dchy³ c`‡¶c
MÖn‡Y e¨_© n‡j AvgMv‡Q djaviY bvI n‡Z cv‡i| Avg evMv‡b gyKyj Avmvi
AvbygvwbK 10-15 w`b Av‡M AvgMv‡Q cÖ_g †¯úª w`‡Z n‡e| Av‡gi gyKyj 10-12
‡mwg. n‡jB wØZxq †¯úª ‡`qv DwPZ| gyKy‡ji dyj ‡dvUvi ci ‡Kv‡bv Ae¯’v‡ZB †¯úª Kiv
hv‡e bv| Av‡gi civMvqb cÖavbZ wewfbœ c«RvwZi gvwQi Øviv n‡q _v‡K| ZvB dyj
‡dvUvi mgq KxUbvkK †¯úª Ki‡j gvwQ gviv ‡h‡Z cv‡i Ges Av‡gi civMvqb I djaviY
gvivZ¥Kfv‡e e¨vnZ n‡Z cv‡i| MvQ ‡_‡K dj cvovi Kgc‡¶ `yB mßvn Av‡M Mv‡Q ‡Kv‡bv
evjvBbvkK †¯úª Kiv DwPZ bq| Mv‡Q gyKyj ‡ei nIqvi Av‡MB A_©vr Rvbyqvwi gv‡m
cÖ‡qvRbxq A_©, kÖwgK, †¯úª hš¿cvwZ, Ilya BZ¨vw` gRy` ivL‡Z n‡e|
mwVK c×wZ AbymiY t mwVK Ilya, mwVK gvÎv, mwVK mgq BZ¨vw` wba©vi‡Yi ci
mwVK c×wZ AbymiY GKvšÍ c«‡qvRb| †¯úª Kvh©µg ‡_‡K cwic~Y© dj jvf Ki‡Z n‡j
Aek¨B mwVK c×wZ‡Z †¯úª Ki‡Z n‡e| d‡ji g‡a¨ ev Wv‡ji g‡a¨ wQ`ªKvix ‡cvKv Ae¯’vb
Ki‡j evB‡i KxUbvkK †¯úª Ki‡j ‡Kv‡bv jvf nq bv| Av‡gi ncvi ‡cvKv myôyfv‡e `gb Ki‡Z
n‡j cvZvq †¯úª Kivi mv‡_ mv‡_ Mv‡Qi ¸uwo‡ZI †¯úª Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| ZvB myôyfv‡e
‡ivM ev ‡cvKv `g‡bi Rb¨ ¯’vbxq K…wl Awdm ev Avg M‡elYv ‡K‡›`ªi weÁvbx‡ì mv‡_
Avjvc K‡i civgk© ‡bIqv DwPZ|
30
‡h ‡Kv‡bv ‡ivM ev ¶wZKi KxUcZ½ `gb Kivi wm×všÍ ‡bqvi Av‡M GKwU wRwbm
wPšÍv Kiv ìKvi Zv n‡jv ‡ivM ev ‡cvKv `gb K‡i KZUyKy jvfevb nIqv hv‡e| ‡ivM ev
‡cvKvi Avµg‡Y ‡h cwigvY A‡_©i ¶wZ Ki‡e `g‡bi LiP hw` Zvi ‡P‡q ‡ewk nq Z‡e ‡m
‡ivM ev ‡cvKv `g‡bi Rb¨ †¯úª Kiv hyw³m½Z n‡e bv| ‡ivM ev ‡cvKvi AvµgY Kg n‡j Ges
Zv gvivZ¥K nIqvi m¤¢vebv bv _vK‡j ‡m ‡¶‡Î †¯úª Kiv hyw³m½Z bq| A‡nZyK †¯úª Ki‡j
A_© I kÖ‡gi AcPq nq| Z‡e Av‡gi gyKy‡j G¨vb_«vK‡bvR ev cvDWvwi wgjwWD ‡iv‡Mi
AvµgY ‡`Lv bv ‡M‡jI AvenvIqv hw` ‡iv‡Mi Avµg‡Yi Rb¨ AbyK~j nq Z‡e c«wZ‡laK
eë¯’v wnmv‡e QÎvKbvkK †¯úª Ki‡Z n‡e| Abyiƒcfv‡e Av‡gi gyKy‡j ncvi ev ‡kvlK
‡cvKvi Dcw¯’wZ Kg n‡jI cÖwZ‡laK eë¯’v wnmv‡e KxUbvkK †¯úª Ki‡Z n‡e| ‡Kbbv G
‡cvKv AbyK~j AvenvIqvq AwZ Aí mg‡q A‡bK esk e…w× Ki‡Z I gvivZ¥K ¶wZ Ki‡Z
m¶g|
mZK©Zv t KxUbvkK ev QÎvKbvkK gvÎB wel| ZvB G‡ì eënv‡i me mgq mZK©Zv
Aej¤^b Kiv c«‡qvRb| mZK©Zv Aej¤^‡b ‡Kv‡bv cÖKvi MvwdjwZ ‡`Lv‡j ‡h ‡Kv‡bv
mgq `yN©Ubv N‡U ‡h‡Z cv‡i| ZvB KxUbvkK wWjvi fvB‡ì DwPZ KxUbvkK ev
QÎvKbvkK wewµi mgq ‡m¸‡jv eënv‡i Kx Kx mZK©Zv Aej¤^b Ki‡Z n‡e Zv AvgPvwl
fvB‡ì ¯§iY K‡i ‡`qv| ‡h ‡Kv‡bv evjvBbvkK †¯úª Kivi mgq wbgœwjwLZ mZK©Zv
Aej¤^b Ki‡Z n‡e-
‡Kv‡bv evjvBbvkK mivmwi nvZ w`‡q ¯úk© Kiv DwPZ bq| cÖ‡qvR‡b nv‡Z Møvem
eënvi Ki‡Z n‡e| whwb evjvBbvkK †¯úª Ki‡eb Zvi mg¯Í kixi ‡X‡K ivLvi Rb¨ G‡cÖvY
cwiavb Ki‡Z n‡e| ‡Pv‡L Pkgv I gv_vq K¨vc ev ‡nj‡gU ci‡Z n‡e| cv‡q RyZv _vKv fv‡jv|
‡Kvb evjvBbvkK gy‡L ‡`qv ev MÜ ‡bqv hv‡e bv| †¯úªKvjxb ‡Kv‡bv cÖKvi LvIqv-`vIqv
ev a~gcvb Kiv hv‡e bv| †¯úª mg‡q cyKyi ev Ab¨ ‡Kvb cvwbi Drm hv‡Z `~wlZ bv nq
‡mw`‡K ‡Lqvj ivL‡Z n‡e| †¯úª ‡kl n‡j kixi I Rvgv-Kvco mvevb w`‡q ay‡q ‡dj‡Z n‡e|
Lv`¨`ªe¨ I cïLv`¨ †¯úª GjvKv ‡_‡K `~‡i ivL‡Z n‡e| †¯úª Kivi 2 w`‡bi g‡a¨ Mv‡Qi wb‡P
Miæ, QvMj, nvum, gyiwM BZ¨vw` Pi‡Z ‡`qv AbywPZ; KviY Zviv Nvm ev g…Z ‡cvKv-
gvKo ‡L‡q wec‡` co‡Z cv‡i| evZv‡mi AbyK~‡j †¯úª Ki‡Z n‡e A_©vr c~e© w`K ‡_‡K
evZvm cwðg w`‡K cÖevwnZ n‡j Mv‡Qi c~e© w`‡K `vuov‡q †¯úª Ki‡Z n‡e|
evjvBbvk‡Ki Lvwj c¨v‡KU ev ‡evZj Ab¨ ‡Kv‡bv Kv‡R eënvi bv K‡i gvwU‡Z cyu‡Z
‡dj‡Z n‡e|
eënv‡ii ci †¯úª hš¿cvwZ cwi®‹vi K‡i ivL‡Z n‡e| †¯úª Kivi 15-20 w`‡bi g‡a¨ Mv‡Qi Avg
LvIqv hv‡ebv ZvB Avg cvovi 15-20 w`b Av‡MB Avg Mv‡Q †¯úª eÜ Ki‡Z n‡e| me
evjvBbvkK ï®‹ I VvÛv RvqMvq Zvjve× Ae¯’vq Ges wkï‡ì bvMv‡ji evB‡i msi¶Y Ki‡Z
n‡e|
Awa‡ekb- 5 t ‡jey/evZvwe †jey Pv‡li Kjv‡KŠkj
†mk‡bi D‡Ïk¨ t GB cÖwk¶Y †k‡l cÖwk¶Yv_©xMY -
 †jey I evZvwe †jey Pv‡li Kjv‡KŠkj m¤ú‡K© eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
mgq t 60 wgwbU|
31
 mnvqK AskMÖnbKvix‡ì cÖ‡kœvËi I AskMÖnbg~jK Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g ‡jey Drcv`b
Kjv‡KŠkj m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Ki‡eb|
 cÖwkÿK AskMÖnbKvix‡ì wb‡q gv‡V hv‡eb Ges nv‡Z Kj‡g ‡jey Gi Pviv jvMv‡bv,
†ivcb `yiæZ¡, mvi cÖ‡qvM, Wvj QvUvBKiY I †mP eënvwiK †mk‡bi gva¨‡g
wkLv‡eb|
 AskMªnbKvix‡ì wbKU †_‡K cÖ‡kœvË‡ii gva¨‡g Av‡jvPbv KZUzKz eyS‡Z †c‡i‡Q
Zv hvPvB K‡i †`L‡eb|
‡mkb g~j¨vq‡bi Rb¨ wbav©wiZ cÖkœ t
 †jeyi `yBwU Rv‡Zi bvg ejyb?
 †jeyi `yBwU †cvKvi bvg ejyb?
 †jeyi `yBwU †iv‡Mi bvg ejyb?
 †jeyi ‡ivcb `yiæZ¡ ejyb?
 ‡jey ‡ivc‡b mv‡ii gvÎv ejyb?

†jey
‡jey evsjv‡`‡k AZ¨šÍ RbwcÖq I mgv`„Z dj Ges †`‡ki me©ÎB Gi Pvl nq| evsjv‡`‡k †jeyi
†gvU Drcv`b cÖvq 70 nvRvi Ub| †jey evsjv‡`‡ki wm‡jU, cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg, PÆMÖvg,
ivRkvnx I †gŠjfxevRv‡I †ewk R‡b¥| G Qvov XvKvi avgivB I gvwbKM‡Äi mvUzwiqv
Dc‡Rjvq cÖPzi cwigv‡Y †jey Drcbœ nq| †jey wfUvwgb ÔwmÕ mg„× dj|
evwi-2 Rv‡Zi †jey

evsjv‡`‡ki wewfbœ †Rjv †_‡K Rvg©cøvRg msMÖn K‡i
RvZ g~j¨vq‡bi gva¨‡g Ôevwi †jey-2Õ RvZwU D™¢veb Kiv
nq Ges 1997 mv‡j Aby‡gv`b †`qv nq| GwU cÖvq mviv eQi
dj Drcv`bKvix D”P djbkxj RvZ| cvZv †QvU AvK…wZi I
meyR| wbqwgZ dj a‡i| dj cÖvq †MvjvK…wZi nq|
wUGmGm 7.30%| cÖwZwU d‡ji IRb 75-85 MÖvg| d‡ji
AvKvi 6 × 5 †mwg, ewniveiY gm„Y, †Lvmvi cyiæZ¡ 0.30
32
†mwg Ges ex‡Ri msL¨v 40-50wU| d‡ji ¯^v` gvSvix UK, i‡mi cwigvY Lye †ewk, 31-34%|
i‡m 7.2% GwmW Ges 84 wgwj MÖvg/100 MÖvg wfUvwgb i‡q‡Q| ex‡Ri is mv`v‡U Ges
j¤^v| cÖwZ Mv‡Q 180-190wU dj a‡i| Ôevwi †jey-2Õ mgMÖ evsjv‡`‡k Pvlvev‡ì Rb¨
Dc‡hvMx| †n±icÖwZ djb 12 Ub|
evwi- 3 Rv‡Zi †jey
evsjv‡`‡ki wewfboe †Rjv †_‡K msM„nxZ †jeyi
Rvg©cøvRg g~j¨vq‡bi gva¨‡g evQvBK…Z RvZ Ôevwi
†jey-3Õ bv‡g 1997 mv‡j Aby‡gv`b †`qv nq| cvZv †QvU
AvK…wZi I meyR| wbqwgZ dj a‡i| dj †MvjvKvi| d‡ji Mo
IRb 50-60 MÖvg| d‡ji AvKvi gvSvix (5.3 × 5.2 †mwg),
ewniveiY LzeB gm„Y, †Lvmvi cyiæZ¡ 0.30 †mwg Ges
ex‡Ri msL¨v 18-22wU| d‡ji ¯^v` nvjKv UK, i‡mi cwigvY
Lye †ewk (37.7%), i‡m 6.8% GwmW I 62 wgwj
MÖvg/100 MÖvg wfUvwgb ÔwmÕ i‡q‡Q| ex‡Ri is
nvjKv ev`vgx †_‡K mv`v‡U| exR j¤^v‡U| mvZ eQi eq¯‹ Mv‡Q 200-220wU dj a‡i|
†n±icÖwZ djb 10 Ub| G Rv‡Zi †jey el©vKv‡j fvj nq| Ôevwi †jey-3Õ RvZwU evsjv‡`‡ki
me GjvKvq Pvlvev‡ì Rb¨ Dc‡hvMx|
evsjv‡`‡ki Af¨šÍ‡i msM„nxZ
Rvg©cøvR‡gi ga¨ †_‡K evQvB
K‡i g~j¨vq‡bi gva¨‡g
Ôevwi‡jey-4Õ RvZwU D`¢veb
Kiv nq Ges 2017 mv‡j RvZ
wnmv‡e Aby‡gv`b †`qv nq|
mviveQi dj`vbKvix D”P djbkxj
RvZ|
MvQ †Svcv‡jv ¯^fv‡ei| cvZv gvSvix, Dce„ËvKvi, cÎdj‡Ki AMÖfvM †fvZv I Mvp meyR
e‡Y©i| dzj mv`v, dj †MvjvKvi I gvSvix (cÖwZ d‡ji Mo IRb 82 MÖvg), dj †`L‡Z nvjKv
meyR e‡Y©i Ges dj mvaviYZ GKK Ges ¸”QvKv‡i a‡i| d‡ji Af¨šÍ‡i 12 wU LÐ we`¨gvb,
wUGmGm 5.35% Ges Lv‡`¨vc‡hvMx Ask cÖvq 70%| d‡j 3-4 wU exR _v‡K| GB RvZwU
cÖvq 8 †_‡K 10 w`b ch©šÍ Rjve×Zv mn¨ Ki‡Z cv‡i| RvZwU mvBUªvm RvZxq d‡ji Ab¨Zg
cÖavb ‡ivM K¨v¼vimn Ab¨vb¨ †ivM I †cvKvgvKo mwnòy|
33
†`‡ki wewfbœ AÂj †_‡K
msM„nxZ Rvg©cøvRg evQvB I
g~j¨vq‡bi gva¨‡g evwi ‡jey-5
RvZwU D`¢veb Kiv nq Ges
2018 mv‡j evsjv‡`‡k Pv‡li Rb¨
RvZ wnmv‡e Aby‡gv`b Kiv nq|
evwi †jey-5 D”P djbkxj,
wbqwgZ dj`vbKvix Kj‡¤^v †jeyi
RvZ| `ªæZea©bkxj, †Svcv‡jv
¯^fv‡ei, gvSvix †_‡K AZ¨vwaK kvLv mg„× | cvZv eo, Dce„ËvKvi, cÎdj‡Ki AMÖfvM
m~uPv‡jv I Mvp meyR e‡Y©i| dzj mv`v, †QvU, Dfqwjw½, cuvP (5) cvcwo wewkó| dj
wWg¦vK„wZ, AvKv‡i eo (Mo IRb 268 MÖvg) I j¤^v‡U, djZ¡K Amgvb, we‡kl myMÜ hy³,
†_vKvKv‡i a‡i| dj †`L‡Z D¾¡j I meyR e‡Y©i| G Rv‡Zi †jeyi †LvmvI fÿY‡hvM¨ Ges
wZZv wenxb| Lv‡`¨vc‡hvMx Ask cÖvq 82% Ges wUGmGm 7%| cªwZwU d‡j 10 †_‡K 35
wU exR _v‡K | exR myPv‡jv I ‡MvjvKvi| Kj†¤^v †jey we‡`‡k ißvwb‡hvM¨ GKwU
m¤¢vebvgq dj|
evwi Rviv †jey
evwi Rviv †jey-1 wbqwgZ dj`vbKvix
GKwU D”P djbkxj RvZ| ¯nvbxqfv‡e
msM„nxZ Rvg©cøvR‡gi ga¨ †_‡K
evQvB K‡i g~j¨v‡q‡bi gva¨‡g evwi
evZvwe‡jey-6 RvZwU D`¢veb Kiv
nq Ges RvZwU evsj‡`‡k Pvl Kivi
Rb¨ 2018 mv‡j Aby‡gv`b Kiv nq |
GB RvZwUi MvQ `ªæZea©bkxj, †Svcv‡jv ¯^fv‡ei
gvSvix †_‡K AZ¨vwaK kvLv mg„× e„¶| cvZv eo, Dce„ËvKvi, cÎdj‡Ki AMÖfvM
‡MvjvK„wZ I Mvp meyR e‡Y©i| dzj mv`v, †QvU, cyiæl I Dfqwjw½K, cuvP (5)cvcwo
wewkó| dz‡j 5 wU e„Z¨vsk we`¨gvb| dj Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e eo (Mo IRb 882 MÖvg), j¤^vK…
wZ I GKKfv‡e a‡i| dj †`L‡Z D¾¡j meyR e‡Y©i| djZ¡K Amgvb I Agm„Y, we‡kl myMÜ
hy³| G Rv‡Zi †jeyi †Lvmv cyiæ I fÿY‡hvM¨| d‡ji Af¨šÍ‡i 12wU LÐ we`¨gvb,
Lv‡`¨vc‡hvMx Ask cÖvq 70% Ges wUGmGm 6.72%| d‡jg exR we`¨gvb| exR myPv‡jv I
‡MvjvKvi| Kj†¤^v †jey we‡`‡k ißvwb‡hvM¨ GKwU m¤¢vebvgq dj|
KvMRx ‡jey
KvMRx †jey (Citrus aurantifolia) GKwU RbwcÖq †jey RvZxq dj| GwU Rutaceae cwievifz³
GKwU wPinwir `ªæZea©bkxj ¸j¥ RvZxq Dw™¢`| ¯^v`, MÜ, cywógvb Ges Jlwa ¸Yv¸‡Yi
wfwË‡Z †jey RvZxq d‡ji g‡a¨ KvMRx †jey Ab¨Zg| KvMRx †jey cÖavbZ wfUvwg wm,
K¨vjwmqvg Ges Avqib mg„×| Mi‡gi w`‡b Z„Âv wbevi‡Yi †ÿ‡Î KvMRx †jeyi ÕmieZÕ
AwØZxq cvbxq| evsjv‡`‡ki cÖvq me GjvKvq Gi KvMRx †jeyi Pvl n‡jI cvnvox GjvKvmn
iscyi, ivRkvnx, cvebv, h‡kvi I PÆMªvg †Rjvq GB †jey ‡ewk cwigv‡Y Drcv`b nq| †`‡k
KvMRx †jeyi AZ¨vwaK Pvwn`v Ges GB †jey mviv eQie¨vcx Drcvw`Z nq weavq KvMRx
†jey G‡`‡k GKwU m¤¢vebvgq dmj wn‡m‡e evwYwR¨Kfv‡e Pvlvev‡ì ch©vß my‡hvM
i‡q‡Q|
34
KvMRx ‡jeyi RvZt
evwi KvMRx ‡jey- 1
evsjv‡`‡ki Af¨šÍ‡i msM„nxZ
Rvg©cøvR‡gi ga¨ †_‡K
evQvB K‡i
g~j¨v‡q‡bi gva¨‡g evwi
KvMRx‡jey-1' RvZwU D™
¢veb Kiv Ges 2018 mv‡j
RvZ wnmv‡e Aby‡gv`b Kiv
nq| wbqwgZ dj`vbKvix D”P djbkxj RvZ| MvQ †Svcv‡jv ¯^fv‡ei, cvZv †QvU, Dce„ËvKvi,
cÎdj‡Ki AMÖfvM m~uPv‡jv I Mvp meyR e‡Y©i|
dzj mv`v, †QvU, Dfqwjw½K, cuvP (5) cvcwo wewkó¨| dj AvKv‡i eo (cÖwZ d‡ji Mo IRb
82 MÖvg), I Dce„ËvKvi| dj †`L‡Z D¾¡j meyR e‡Y©i, mvaviYZ ¸”QvKv‡i a‡i| dj d‡ji
Af¨šÍ‡i 11-12 wU LÐ we`¨gvb,Lv‡`¨vc‡hvMx Ask cÖvq 57% Ges wUGmGm 7.35%|
wfUvwgb wm : 65 wgwj. MÖvg/100 MÖvg | d‡j 15-22 wU ch©šÍ exR we`¨gvb| KvMRx
†jeyi RvZwU‡Z cÖavb cÖavb †ivM I †cvKv-gvKo Gi Avµgb AZ¨šÍ Kg| mvBUªvm RvZxq
d‡ji Ab¨Zg cÖavb ‡ivM K¨vsKvi I Mv‡gvwmm †ivM mwnòy|
rcª
[
hyw Drcv`b cÖhyw³

Rjevqy I gvwUt
KvMRx †jey Dò I Ae-MÖx®§gÛjxq AÂ‡ji dmj| mvaviYZ Dò I Av`©ª Rjevqy‡Z KvMRx
‡jey fvj R‡b¥| Mfxi †`vAuvk gvwU KvMRx †jey Pv‡li Rb¨ m‡e©vËg| Z‡e KvMRx †jey
MvQ †iv`ª¾¡j cwi‡e‡k I mywb®‹vk m¤úbœ ga¨g A¤øxq gvwU‡Z fvj nq| GwU cvnvox
GjvKvmn evsjv‡`‡ki me©Î Pvl‡hvM¨| AwZwi³ Av`ª© cwi‡ek KvMRx †jeyi Rb¨ ÿwZKi|
mvaviYfv‡e 250 †_‡K 300 †m. ZvcgvÎvq GwUi ˆ`wnK e„w× me‡P‡q fvj nq, 130 †m. Gi
wb‡P Ges 400 †m. Dc‡i Mv‡Qi e„w× I djb e¨vnZ nq|
Rwg wbe©vPb I ˆZwit
†iv`hy³ mywb®‹vwkZ DuPz Rwg A_ev cyKzi, iv¯Ív ev cvnv‡oi Xvj †jey Pv‡li Rb¨ DËg|
evwYwR¨Kfv‡e Pvl Ki‡Z n‡j Rwg Mfxifv‡e Pvl w`‡q AvMvQv fvj fv‡e cwi¯‹vi K‡i Rwg
ˆZwi Ki‡Z nq| cvnvox Xvjy Rwg‡Z Xv‡ji Ae¯’vb ey‡S AvMvQv cwi¯‹vi Kivi ci wbw`©ó
`yi‡Z¡ MZ© K‡i cÖ‡qvRbxq mvi cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e| GLv‡b mgZj f~wgi g‡Zv Rwg Pvl
†`qvi cÖ‡qvRb †bB| Pviv †ivcY Kivi 15-20 w`b c~‡e© 3 wgUvi X 3 wgUvi `~i‡Z¡ 80
†m.wg. X 80 †m.wg. X 80 †m.wg. AvKv‡ii MZ© Ki‡Z n‡e| M‡Z©i Dc‡ii gvwUi mv‡_ 15-
20 †KwR ‡Mvei A_ev ‰Re mvi, 300 MÖvg wUGmwc, 250 MÖvg GgIwc, 200 MÖvg
wRcmvg I 30 MÖvg ‡eviY mvi fvjfv‡e wgwk‡q MZ© fivU K‡i Zv‡Z cvwb w`‡Z n‡e| Z‡e
gvwU AwaK A¤øxq n‡j †n±i cÖwZ 1 Ub A_ev MZ© cÖwZ 1.5 †KwR W‡jvPzb cÖ‡qvM
Ki‡Z n‡e| D‡jøwLZ †ivcY `~iZ¡ wnmv‡e cÖwZ †n±i Rwg‡Z cÖvq 1100 wU Pviv ìKvi|
†ivcY c×wZ I †ivcY mgqt KvMRx †jeyi Pviv mvwi K‡i ev eM©vKvi cÖYvjx‡Z
jvMv‡j evMv‡b AvšÍtcwiPh©v I dj msMÖn mnR nq| cvnvox Xvjy Rwg‡Z Xv‡ji
AvovAvwo mvwi K‡i Pviv jvMv‡j gvwU ÿq Kg nq| Ryb †_‡K AvM÷ gvm ch©šÍ Pviv
jvMv‡bvi DËg mgq Z‡e †mP myweav _v‡K‡j mviv eQi Pviv jvMv‡bv hvq|
35
Pviv/Kjg †ivcY I cwiPh©vt gv`v ˆZwi Kivi 15-20 w`b ci Pviv ev Kjg jvMv‡Z nq| Pviv
M‡Z©i wVK gvSLv‡b Lvovfv‡e jvMv‡Z n‡e Ges Pvivi Pviw`‡Ki gvwU nvZ w`‡q †P‡c
fvjfv‡e ewm‡q w`‡Z nq| Zvici PvivwU LuywUi mv‡_ †eu‡a w`‡Z n‡e Ges Pvivi †Mvovq
SvSwo w`‡q cvwb w`‡Z n‡e| cÖ‡qvR‡b cÖwZwU Pvivq c„Kfv‡e †eovi eë¯’v Ki‡Z n‡e|
Mv‡Q mvi cÖ‡qvMt Pviv jvMv‡bvi ci fvj djb †c‡Z n‡j wbqwgZfv‡e mgqg‡Zv mvi
cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e| wb‡¤œi eqm Abycv‡Z MvQ cÖwZ mv‡ii cwigvY †Ìqv nj|
Mv‡Qi eqm (eQi) mv‡ii bvg I cwigvY:
Mv‡Qi eqm mv‡ii bvg I cwigvY
(eQi) cuPv BDwi wUGm GgIwc wRcmvg wRsK †evib
†Mvei qv wc (MÖvg) (MÖvg) mvj‡dU mvi
(‡KwR) (MÖv (MÖvg (MÖvg) (MÖvg)
g) )
1-2 15 200 200 200 20 5 5
3-5 20 400 300 300 50 8 10
6 Ges Z`ya© 25 500 400 400 70 10 15
DwjøwLZ mvi mgvb wZb wKw¯Í‡Z Mv‡Qi †Mvov n‡Z 60 †mwg `~‡i wQwU‡q †Kv`vj
Øviv Kzwc‡q gvwUi mv‡_ fvjfv‡e wgwk‡q w`‡Z n‡e| cvnv‡oi Xv‡j mvi cÖ‡qv‡Mi ‡¶‡Î
wWewjs c×wZ AbymiY Ki‡Z n‡e| cÖg wKw¯Í gvN-dvêyb (†deªæqvwi) gv‡m hLb dj aiv
ïiæ nq, wØZxq wKw¯Í el©vi cÖvi‡¤¢ êkvL ‡_‡K ˆR¨ô (†g-Ryb) gv‡m, Ges Z„Zxq
wKw¯Í ga¨ fv`ª †_‡K ga¨ KvwZ©K (†m‡Þ¤¦i-A‡±vei) gv‡m cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e| cÖwZevi
mvi cÖ‡qv‡Mi ci ciB GKUz nvjKv cvwb †mP w`‡Z n‡e hv‡Z K‡i mvi gvwUi mv‡_ wg‡k
‡h‡Z cv‡i|
AvMvQv `gbt Mv‡Qi ch©vß e„w× I dj‡bi Rb¨ memgq Rwg cwi®‹vi ev AvMvQvgy³
ivL‡Z n‡e| we‡kl K‡i Mv‡Qi †Mvov †_‡K Pviw`‡K 1 wgUvi ch©šÍ RvqMv memgq
AvMvQvgy³ ivL‡Z n‡e|
cvwb I ‡mP wb®‹vkbt
Pviv †ivc‡Yi ci SiYv Øviv †ek wKQz w`b ch©šÍ cvwb †mP w`‡Z n‡e| m‡e©v”P dj‡bi Rb¨
dzj Avmv I d‡ji weKv‡ki mgq gvwU‡Z ch©vß Av`ª©Zv _vKv Avek¨K| G Rb¨ Liv
†gŠmy‡g KvMRx ‡jey evMv‡b †mP †Ìqv cÖ‡qvRb| el©vKv‡j Mv‡Qi †Mvovq hv‡Z
cvwb Rg‡Z bv cv‡i †mRb¨ e„wó I ‡m‡Pi AwZwi³ cvwb `ªæZ wb®‹vk‡bi eë¯’v Ki‡Z n‡e|
Wvj QvuUvBKiYt
Mv‡Qi †Mvovi w`‡K Rj-†kvlK kvLv †ei n‡jB †K‡U †dj‡Z n‡e| GQvov Mv‡Qi wfZ‡ii
w`‡K †h me Wvjvcvjv myh©v‡jvK cvqbv ‡mme `ye©j I †ivMvµvšÍ kvLv cÖkvLv
wbqwgZ QvUvB K‡i w`‡Z n‡e| †m‡Þ¤¦i-A‡±vei gvm QvuUvB Kivi Dchy³ mgq| QvuUvB
Kivi ci KwZ©Z ¯’v‡b e‡`©v‡c‡÷i cÖ‡jc w`‡Z n‡e hv‡Z QÎvK AvµgY Ki‡Z bv cv‡i|
cvZvi myo½ †cvKv (mvBUªvm wjdgvBbvi)
G †cvKvi ÿy`ª Kxov cvZvi DcZ¡‡Ki wVK wb‡P AuvKveuvKv myo½ ˆZwi K‡i cvZvq
ÿ‡Zi m„wó K‡i Ges cvZvi meyR Ask †L‡q †d‡j| G‡Z K‡i cvZv KuyK‡o weeY© n‡q
ïwK‡q S‡i hvq Ges Mv‡Qi e„w× eÜ n‡q hvq| G †cvKv K¨vsKvi †ivM Qovq|
`gb eë¯’vt
36
Mv‡Q bZyb cvZv MRv‡bvi mgq A_ev hLbB G †cvKvi AvµgY †`Lv hv‡e ZLb BwgUvd
20 GmGj cÖwZ wjUvi cvwb‡Z 0.5 wg. wj. nv‡i wgwk‡q 10-15 w`b AšÍi 2-3 evi †¯cÖ
Ki‡Z n‡e|
mvBwjW evMt
mvBwjW evM mKj cÖKvi †jey RvZxq dm‡ji GKwU cÖavb mgm¨v| c~Y©eq¯‹ mvBwjW
evM mvaviYZ 450 †Kv‡Y cvZvi Dci e‡m cvZvi im Pz‡l Lvq Ges cvZvi D‡ëv cv‡k wWg
cv‡o| mvBwjW evM Øviv cÖavbZ: ‡jey RvZxq dm‡ji MÖxwbs †ivM Qovq|
`gb eë¯’vt
G ‡cvKvi AvµgY †`Lv †M‡j mv‡_ mv‡_B BwgWv‡K¬vwcÖW MÖæ‡ci †hKvb
KxUbvkK †hgb BwgUvd 20 GmGj cÖwZ wjUvi cvwb‡Z 0.5 wg. wj. nv‡i wgwk‡q 15 w`b
AšÍi 2-3 evi †¯cÖ Ki‡Z n‡e|
†jeyi cÖRvcwZ †cvKvt
G †cvKvi Kxov cvZv †L‡q †d‡j| GRb¨ djb I Mv‡Qi e„w× e¨vnZ nq|
`gb eë¯’vt wWg I Kxovhy³ cvZv msMªn K‡i gvwUi wb‡P cuy‡Z ev cy‡o †dj‡Z n‡e|
mywgw_qb 50 Bwm A_ev wjevwmW 5 Bwm cÖwZ wjUvi cvwb‡Z 2 wgwj nv‡i wgwk‡q
10-15 w`b cici 2-3 evi †¯cÖ Ki‡Z n‡e|
cvZv †gvov‡bv †cvKvt
AvM÷ †_‡K gvP© gvm ch©šÍ G †cvKvi AvµgY †ewk †`Lv hvq| eq¯‹ I Pviv Dfq cÖKvi
MvQB G †cvKv Øviv AvµvšÍ nq| †cvKvi Kxov¸wj Pviv I eq¯‹ Mv‡Qi KuwP cvZv gywo‡q
Zvi wfZi Ae¯’vb K‡I Ges cvZv †L‡q ÿwZ mvab K‡i|
`gb eë¯’vt
G †cvKvi AvµgY †ewk n‡j mywgw_qb 50 Bwm. cÖwZ wjUvi cvwb‡Z 1 wg.wj. wgwk‡q
10-15 w`b cici 1-2 evi Mv‡Q †¯cÖ Ki‡Z n‡e| GQvov †deªæqvwi †_‡K GwcÖj gv‡m
cÖavbZ Mv‡Qi bZzb Kuywo Ges cvZvq Rve †cvKvi AvµgY †`Lv †h‡Z cv‡i| G‡Z K‡i
AvµvšÍ bZzb Kuywo Ges cvZv KuyK‡o wM‡q Mv‡Qi ÿwZ nq| G‡ÿ‡Î AvµgY †ewk n‡j
BwgUvd 20 GmGj 0.5 wg. wj. nv‡i cÖwZ wjUvi cvwb‡Z wgwk‡q 10-15 w`b AšÍi 2-3 evi
†¯cÖ Ki‡Z n‡e|
AvMv giv (WvBe¨vK)t
AvµvšÍ Mv‡Qi cvZv S‡i hvq I AvMv †_‡K Wvjcvjv ïwK‡q wb‡Pi w`‡K Avm‡Z _v‡K
Ges Av‡¯Í Av‡¯Í m¤ú~Y© MvQwUB g‡i hvq|
cÖwZKvit
cwiPh©vi gva¨‡g MvQ‡K mej I m‡ZR ivL‡Z n‡e| AvµvšÍ Wv‡ji 2.5 †mwg meyR Askmn
‡K‡U KwZ©Z As‡k e‡`©v‡c÷ jvMv‡Z n‡e| AvµvšÍÍ Mv‡Q eQ‡i `yÕGKevi Kcvi mg„×
QÎvKbvkK †hgb KzcÖvwfU-50 WweøDwc A_ev Kcvi Aw·‡K¬vivBW cÖwZ wjUvi
cvwb‡Z 2 MÖvg nv‡i wgwk‡q †¯cÖ Ki‡Z n‡e|
Mv‡gvwmmt
G †iv‡Mi Avµg‡Y Mv‡Qi KvÛ, Wvj ev`vwg is Gi n‡q hvq I Wv‡j j¤¦vjw¤¦ dvUj †`Lv †`q
Ges dvUj †_‡K AvVv ev Km †ei n‡Z _v‡K|
37
cÖwZKvit
AvµvšÍ Wvj ‡K‡U †d‡j A_ev AvµvšÍ Ask †P‡P †d‡j AvjKvZiv A_ev e‡`©v‡c÷ (100
MÖvg Kcvi mvj‡dU ev Zzu‡Z, 100 MÖvg Pzb 1 wjUvi cvwb‡Z ¸wj‡q ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e)
jvMv‡Z n‡e| cvwb wb®‹vk‡bi myeë¯’v Ki‡Z n‡e Ges †m‡Pi cvwb hv‡Z Mv‡Qi †Mvovq
R‡g bv _v‡K I Mv‡Qi †Mvovi evKj ¯úk© Ki‡Z bv cv‡i †mw`‡K †Lqvj ivL‡Z n‡e|
K¨vsKvit
G †iv‡Mi Avµg‡Y KwP cvZv, kvLv I d‡j a~mi ev ev`vwg is‡qi ¸wU em‡šÍi gZ `vM c‡o|
wjd gvBbvi †cvKvi Øviv G †ivM msµwgZ nq Ges Nb Nb e„wó n‡j G †iv‡Mi cÖ‡Kvc
e„w× cvq|
cÖwZKvit AvµvšÍ WMv I kvLv QuvUvB Ki‡Z n‡e Ges KvUv As‡k AvjKvZiv A_ev
e‡`©v‡c÷ Gi cÖ‡jc w`‡Z n‡e| el©v †gŠmy‡gi ïiæ †_‡K †kl ch©šÍ Kcvi RvZxq QÎvKbvkK
†hgb KzcÖvwfU-50 WweøDwc A_ev Kcvi Aw·‡K¬vivBW cÖwZ wjUvi cvwb‡Z 2 MÖvg
nv‡i wgwk‡q 15 w`b AšÍi †¯cÖ Ki‡Z n‡e| GQvov †h‡nZz wjd gvBbvi †cvKvi Øviv G
†ivM Qovq †m‡nZz ÿZ m„wóKvix GB wjd gvBbvi †cvKv `gb Kivi Rb¨ BwgUvd 20 GmGj
cÖwZ wjUvi cvwb‡Z 0.5 wg. wj. nv‡i wgwk‡q 15 w`b AšÍi 2-3 evi †¯cÖ K‡i Ki‡Z n‡e|
dj msMÖn I ms‡MÖvnËi cwiPh©v

mviv eQiB KvMRx †jey Drcbœ nq Z‡e KvMRx †jeyi dzj Avmvi cÖavb †gŠmyg nj
Rvbyqvwi †_‡K †deªæqvwi gvm Ges Zv ‡_‡K GwcÖj n‡Z †m‡Þ¤î gvm ch©šÍ dj AvniY
Kiv nq| Avevi A‡bK mgq Ryb-RyjvB gv‡mI wKQz dzj Av‡m Ges Zv †_‡K †m‡Þ¤î n‡Z
b‡f¤î gvm ch©šÍ dj AvniY Kiv hvq| d‡ji Z¡K Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e gm„Y I d‡ji is Mvp meyR
n‡Z wKQzUv nvjKv n‡q Avm‡j dj msMÖn Ki‡Z n‡e| dj msMÖn Kivi ci cÖ‡g evQvB Gi
gva¨‡g fvj I ÎæwUc~Y© (evRviRvZKi‡Yi Abyc‡hvMx) dj¸‡jv Avjv`v Kiv nq| Zvici fvj
dj¸‡jv †MÖwWs Gi gva¨‡g wewfbœ mvBR Abycv‡Z fvM
K‡i evRviRvZ Kiv nq|
evZvwe ‡jey
wfUvwgb ÔwmÕ mg„× dj evZvwe‡jey evsjv‡`‡ki Rb¨
GKwU m¤¢vebvgq dmj| †`‡ki me GjvKv‡ZB Gi Pvl nq Z‡e
wm‡j‡U †ewk nq| evsjv‡`‡k eZ©gv‡b evZvwe‡jeyi †gvU
Drcv`b cÖvq 65 nvRvi †g. Ub|
evwi evZvwe‡jey-1
evsjv‡`‡ki wewfbœ †Rjv †_‡K msM„nxZ evZvwe‡jeyi Rvg©cøvRg g~j¨vqb K‡i Ôevwi
evZvwe‡jey-1Õ RvZwU 1997 mv‡j Aby‡gv`b Kiv
nq| G Rv‡Zi cvZv eo AvK…wZi Mvp meyR|
wbqwgZ dj a‡i| d‡ji AvK…wZ cÖvq †MvjvKvi
(wUGmGm 9.20%)| d‡ji IRb 900-1,100 MÖvg| d‡ji
AvKvi gvSvix| d‡ji †Kvl msL¨v 13-14 wU|
f¶Y‡hvM¨ Ask 45%| †Lvmvi cyiæZ¡ 2.0-2.5 †mwg|
dj my¯^v`y I mvgvb¨ wZZv, †ek imv‡jv, kuv‡mi is
jvj‡P, wgóZv gvSvix| kuvm †ek big| cvKv dji is njy`|
38
ex‡Ri is ev`vgx Ges AvK…wZ P¨vÞv| cÖwZ Mv‡Q 45-55wU dj a‡i| †n±icÖwZ djb 14-16
Ub| †`‡ki me©Î Pvl Dc‡hvMx|
evwi evZvwe‡jey-2
†`‡ki wewfbœ †Rjv †_‡K msM„nxZ evZvwe‡jeyi
Rvg©cøvRg
cix¶v-wbix¶v K‡i GKwU DbœZ RvZ Ôevwi
evZvwe‡jey-2Õ 1997 mv‡j Aby‡gv`b Kiv nq| Mv‡Qi
AvK…wZ QvZvi g‡Zv| cvZv Mvp meyR, Wvbvhy³
e„ËvKvi| wUGmGm 11.35%| †gvU GwmW 1.05%| d‡ji
IRb 750-780 MÖvg| d‡ji AvKvi 11.00 X 12.30 †mwg| d‡ji
†Kvl msL¨v 13-15wU, f¶Y‡hvM¨ Ask 40% Ges †Lvmvi cyiæZ¡ 1.2-1.4 †mwg| ex‡Ri
msL¨v 110-120wU| dj my¯^v`,y †ek imv‡jv, kuv‡mi is jvj‡P Ges †ek wgwó| kvum big Ges
cvKv d‡ji is njy`| ex‡Ri is ev`vgx, AvK…wZ P¨vÞv| cÖwZ Mv‡Q 40-50wU dj a‡i|
†n±icÖwZ djb 12-14 Ub| †`‡ki me©Î Pvl Dc‡hvMx|
evwi evZvwe‡jey-3
Af¨šÍixY Rwi‡ci gva¨‡g †`‡ki DËivÂ‡ji wewfbœ †Rjv
†_‡K msM„nxZ Rvg©cøvR‡gi e¨vcK cix¶v-wbix¶vi
gva¨‡g DbœZ RvZ evwi ÔevZvwe‡jey-3Õ 2003 mv‡j
Aegy³ Kiv nq| Mv‡Qi AvKvi gvSvix, cvZv Mvp meyR I
ü`wcÐvKvi Wvbvhy³| cÖwZeQi wbqwgZ dj a‡i| dj
Dce„ËvKvi I gvSvix ai‡Yi| d‡ji IRb 1,000-1,150 MÖvg|
cvKv d‡ji †Lvmv nj‡` e‡Y©i, cvZjv (1.25-1.30 †m.wg. cyiæ) hv Lye mn‡RB kvum †_‡K
Quvov‡bv hvq| cÖwZ d‡j †Kv‡li msL¨v 14-15wU| d‡ji kuvm AZ¨šÍ imv‡jv, big, wgwó,
m¤ú~Y© wZZvwenxb, †Mvjvcx e‡Y©i Ges †L‡Z my¯^v`y| wUGmGm (weª·gvb) 8.6%
d‡ji f¶Y‡hvM¨ Ask 55-60%, MvQcÖwZ d‡ji msL¨v 100-110wU, cÖwZ d‡j ex‡Ri msL¨v
70-75wU| exR nvjKv e‡Y©i I P¨vÞv AvK…wZi| †n±icÖwZ djb 25-30 Ub| †`‡ki me©Î Pvl
Dc‡hvMx|
evwi evZvwe‡jey-4
†`‡ki wewfbœ †Rjv †_‡K msM„nxZ Rvg©cøvRg evQvB
cÖwµqvi gva¨‡g D™¢vweZ RvZwU Ôevwi
evZvwe‡jey-4Õ bv‡g 2004 mv‡j Pvlvev‡Ì Rb¨
Aby‡gv`b jvf K‡i| Mv‡Qi AvK…wZ QvZvi g‡Zv| cvZv
Mvp meyR, Wvbvhy³ e„ËvKvi| Mv‡Q wbqwgZ dj a‡i|
d‡ji AvK…wZ †MvjvKvi, gvSvix ai‡bi| wUGmGm
11.6%| †gvU GwmW 0.60%| d‡ji IRb 850-1,100 MÖvg|
d‡ji †Kvl msL¨v 12-14wU| dj my¯^v`y †ek imv‡jv,
kuv‡mi is mv`v Ges †ek wgwó| †Kvb wZZvfve †bB| cvKv d‡ji is njy`vf| cÖwZwU Mv‡Q
40-50wU dj a‡i| GUv GKwU bvex RvZ| †n±icÖwZ djb 15-20 Ub| †`‡ki me©Î Pvl
Dc‡hvMx|
evwi evZvwe‡jey-5
wbqwgZ dj`vbKvix D”P djbkxj RvZ| MvQwUi cvZv
Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e A‡bK eo I †Svcv‡jv| d‡ji ‡MvjvKvi I eo
(d‡ji Mo IRb 875 (MÖvg)| dj †`L‡Z D¾¡j njy` e‡Y©i
39
Ges wUGmGm 9.05%| dj mvaviYZ GKK fv‡e a‡i| d‡ji Af¨šÍ‡i 13-14wU LÐ we`¨gvb Ges
Lv‡`¨vc‡hvMx Ask cÖvq 66.26%| AvU eQi eqmx cÖwZwU Mv‡Q Mo d‡ji msL¨v 18wU
Ges djb 16.04 †KwR Ges 10.03 Ub/ †n±i/eQi|
evwi evZvwe‡jey-6
evwi evZvwe‡jey- 6 wbqwgZ dj`vbKvix GKwU D”P djbkxj RvZ| evsjv‡`‡ki Af¨šÍ‡i
wewfbœ ¯’vb †_‡K msMÖn K‡i msM„nxZ Rvg©cøvR‡gi
ga¨ †_‡K evQvB K‡i g~j¨vq‡bi gva¨‡g evwi evZvwe‡jey-6
RvZwU D`¢veb Kiv nq Ges RvZwU evsj‡`‡k Pvl Kivi Rb¨
2018 mv‡j Aby‡gv`b Kiv nq | MvQ gvSvix I Qov‡bv
¯^fv‡ei| Gi cvZv eo I cvZvi †euvUv PIov cvLv m¤^wjZ,
cÎdj‡Ki AMÖfvM m~uPv‡jv I Mvp meyR e‡Y©i| dzj †`L‡Z
mv`v i‡Oi Ges GKKfv‡e aviY K‡i| dj Avni‡Yi mgq A‡±vei
†_‡K b‡fg¦i| dj Dc-e„ËvKvi, cvKv d‡ji is meyRvf njy` Ges
d‡ji Mo IRb 1 †KwR| kuvm AvKl©Yxq jvj, Lye imv‡jv, big, my¯¦v`y I m¤úyY©
wZZvwenxb| d‡ji †Kvl Lye mn‡R Avjv`v Kiv hvq| Lv‡`¨vc‡hvMx Ask 57% I wUGmGm
8.5%| exR mvaviYZt j¤^v‡U Ges †evUvi w`‡K miæ|
Drcv`b cÖhyw³
gvwU t
mywb®‹vwkZ Mfxi, nvjKv, †`vAuvk gvwU †jey Pv‡li Rb¨ DËg| ga¨g A¤øxq gvwU‡Z
evZvwe‡jey fvj R‡b¥|
Rwg wbe©vPb I ˆZwi t
cvwb wb®‹vk‡bi myeë¯’v m¤úbœ DuPz I gvSvix DuPz Rwg evZvwe†jey Pv‡li Rb¨ DËg|
Rwg wbe©vP‡bi ci Rwg Pvl w`‡q AvMvQvgy³ K‡i Pviv †ivc‡Yi Rb¨ MZ© ˆZwi Kiv
cÖ‡qvRb|
Kjg ˆZwi I wbe©vPb t
cvk©^Kjg I ¸wU Kj‡gi gva¨‡g evZvwe‡jeyi Kjg ˆZwi Kiv hvq| mvaviYZt 8-10 gvm eq‡mi
evZvwe†jeyi Pviv evwWs I MÖvdwUs‡qi Rb¨ Avw`‡Rvo wn‡m‡e eënvi Kiv nq| †ivc‡Yi
Rb¨ †mvRv I `ªæZ e„w× m¤úbœ Kjg wbe©vPb Ki‡Z n‡e|
†ivc‡Yi mgq t
ga¨ ˆR¨ô-ga¨ Avwk¦b (Ryb-†m‡Þ¤î) gvm Pviv †ivc‡Yi Dchy³ mgq| Z‡e AwaK e„wócv‡Zi
mgq Kjg †ivcY bv KivB fvj| †mP myweav _vK‡j mviv eQiB evZvwe†jeyi Pviv/Kjg †ivcY
Kiv P‡j|
MZ© ˆZwi t
Kjg †ivc‡Yi 15-20 w`b c~‡e© 6 X 6 wgUvi `~i‡Z¡ 60 X 60 X 50 †mwg AvKv‡ii MZ© K‡I
K‡qKw`b Db¥y³ Ae¯’vq †i‡L w`‡Z nq| Kjg †ivc‡Yi 10-15 w`b c~‡e© MZ©cÖwZ 15-20
†KwR cPv †Mvei, 300 MÖvg wUGmwc, 250-300 MÖvg GgIwc I 200 MÖvg wRcmvg mvi
M‡Z©i gvwUi mv‡_ fvjfv‡e wgwk‡q MZ© eÜ K‡i †i‡L w`‡Z n‡e| gvwU‡Z i‡mi cwigvY
Kg _vK‡j cvwb †m‡Pi eë¯’v Ki‡Z n‡e|
Kjg †ivcY t
M‡Z© mvi cÖ‡qv‡Mi 15-20 w`b ci †Mvovi gvwUmn wba©vwiZ KjgwU M‡Z©i gvSLv‡b
†mvRvfv‡e †ivcY Kiv nq| †ivc‡Yi ci nvjKv cvwb †mP, LuywU I †eovi eë¯’v Ki‡Z n‡e|
40
Mv‡Q mvi cÖ‡qvM t eqm‡f‡` MvQcÖwZ mv‡ii cwigvY
Mv‡Qi eqm (eQi) mv‡ii cwigvY
cPv †Mvei BDwiqv wUGmwc (MÖvg) GgIwc (MÖvg)
(‡KwR) (MÖvg)
1-2 7-10 175-225 80-90 140-160
3-4 10-15 270-300 140-170 400-500
5-10 20-25 500-600 400-450 500-550
10 eQ‡ii D‡aŸ©© 25-30 600-700 450-500 600-680
mvi cÖ‡qvM c×wZ t

mvi G‡Kev‡i Mv‡Qi †Mvovq bv w`‡q hZ `‚i ch©šÍ Wvjcvjv we¯Ívi jvf K‡i †m GjvKvq
gvwUi mv‡_ fvjfv‡e wgwk‡q w`‡Z nq| DwjøwLZ mvi 3 wKw¯Í‡Z dvêyb (†deªæqvwi),
ga¨-êkvL †_‡K ga¨-ˆR¨ô (†g) I ga¨ Avwk¦b †_‡K ga¨-KvwZ©K (A‡±vei) gv‡m cÖ‡qvM
Ki‡Z n‡e|
cvwb †mP I wbKvk:
dyj Avmv I dj aivi mgq cvwbi Afve n‡j dj S‡i cov I m~h© †cvov `vM †`Lv hvq| ZvB ï®‹
†gŠmy‡g 21 w`b ci ci 2-3 wU †mP w`‡j fvj djb cvIqv hvq| elv©i mgq Mv‡Qi †Mvovq
hv‡Z cvwb Rg‡Z bv cv‡i †m Rb¨ cvwb wbKv‡ki eë¯’v Ki‡Z n‡e|
A½ QuvUvB:
Zzb †ivcYK…Z Mv‡Q Avw`‡Rvo n‡Z Drcvw`Z Kzwk †f‡½ w`‡Z n‡e| MvQwUi
AeKvVv‡gv gReyZ Kivi j‡¶¨ †Mvov †_‡K 1 wgUvi DuPz ch©šÍ †Kvb Wvjcvjv ivLv Pj‡e
bv| GK †_‡K 1.5 wgUvi Dc‡i wewfbœ w`‡K Qov‡bv 4-5wU kvLv ivL‡Z n‡e hv‡Z
MvQwUi my›ì GKwU KvVv‡gv ˆZwi nq| cÖwZ eQi dj msMÖ‡ni ci giv, †cvKv-gvKo I
†ivMvµvšÍ Wvj QvuUvB Ki‡Z nq| Wvj QuvUvB‡qi ci KwZ©Z ¯’v‡b Aek¨B e‡`©v‡c‡÷i
cÖ‡jc w`‡Z n‡e|
dj msMÖn: dj wKQyUv nj‡` eY© aviY Ki‡j ga¨-fv`ª †_‡K ga¨-KvwZ©K (†m‡Þ¤î †_‡K
b‡f¤î) dj msMÖn Kiv hvq| evZvwe‡jey cvKvi ciI `xN© w`b Mv‡Q msi¶Y (Tree storage)
Kiv hvq|
Awa‡ekb- 6 t Avbvim Pv‡li Kjv‡KŠkj

†mk‡bi D‡Ïk¨ t GB †mkb †k‡l cÖwk¶Yv_©xMY -
 Avbvim Drcv`b Kjv‡KŠkj m¤ú‡K© ej‡Z cvi‡eb|
mgq t 45 wgwbU|
41
 mnvqK AskMÖnbKvix‡ì cÖ‡kœvËi I AskMÖnbg~jK Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g Avbvim
 cÖwkÿK AskMÖnbKvix‡ì wb‡q gv‡V hv‡eb Ges nv‡Z Kj‡g Avbvim Gi Pviv
jvMv‡bv, †ivcb `yiæZ¡, mvi cÖ‡qvM, Wvj QvUvBKiY I †mP eënvwiK †mk‡bi
 AskMªnbKvix‡ì wbKU †_‡K cÖ‡kœvË‡ii gva¨‡g, Av‡jvPbv KZUzKz eyS‡Z
 Avbvim Gi `yBwU K‡i Rv‡Zi bvg ejyb?
 Avbvim Gi `yBwU K‡i †cvKvi bvg ejyb?
 Avbvim Gi †iv‡Mi bvg ejyb?
 Avbvim ‡ivc‡b mv‡ii gvÎv I `yiæZ¡ ejyb?
 Avbvi‡m †Kvb wfUvwgb cvIqv hvq?
Avbvim
evwYwR¨K dj wn‡m‡e AvšÍR©vwZK evRv‡i
Avbvim AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv iv‡L| Avbvim
GKwU cywóKi I my¯^v`y dj| evsjv‡`‡k cÖvq 14.4
nvRvi †n±i Rwg‡Z Avbvi‡mi Pvl nq Ges †gvU
Drcv`b 2 j¶ 12 nvRvi †gwUªK Ub| †n±icÖwZ djb 14-
15 Ub| wm‡jU, †gŠjfxevRvi, PÆMÖvg, cve©Z¨
PÆMÖvg Ges Uv½vBj †Rjvq Avbvi‡mi e¨vcK Pvl
nq| XvKv, biwms`x, Kzwgjøv, w`bvRcyi †Rjv‡ZI
Avbvi‡mi Pvlvev` n‡q _v‡K| †gŠjfxevRvi, kªxg½j I
Uv½vB‡ji gaycyi GjvKvq Avbvim GKwU
¸iæZ¡c~Y© A_©Kix dmj|
Avbvi‡mi wfUvwgb t
Avbvim wfUvwgb G, we I wm Gi GKwU DËg Drm|
Avbvi‡mi RvZ
nvwbKzBb
cvKv Avbvi‡mi kuvm njy` e‡Y©i nq| †PvL myPvjy I DbœZ|
Mo IRb 1 †KwR| cvZv KuvUv wewkó I cvUj e‡Y©i|
nvwbKzBb me‡P‡q wgwó Avbvim| †n±icÖwZ djb
42
25-30 Ub| wm‡jU, PÆMÖvg I cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg AÂ‡j G Rv‡Zi Avbvim †ewk Pvl nq|
RvZwU ißvwb‡hvM¨|
Rv‡q›U wKD (†K‡j½v)

evsjv‡`‡k Avev`K…Z Avbvi‡mi g‡a¨ Rwg GesDrcv`‡bi w`K
†_‡K Rv‡q›U wKD RvZwUi Ae¯’vb mevi Dc‡i| cvKv Avbvim
meyRvf I kuvm nvjKv njy`| †PvL cÖk¯Í I P¨vÞv| Mo IRb 2
†KwR| Mv‡Qi cvZv meyR, cÖvq KuvUvwenxb| dj †L‡Z UK-
wgwó ¯^v‡ì| †n±icÖwZ djb 30-40 Ub| wm‡jU, †gŠjfxevRvi I
Uv½vBj †Rjvq G Rv‡Zi Avbvim †ewk Pvl nq|
†Nvovkvj
cvKv Avbvim jvj‡P Ges wN‡q mv`v nq| †PvL cÖk¯Í Ges Mo
IRb 1.25 †KwR| cvZv KuvUvwewkó, PIov †XD †Ljv‡bv _v‡K|
XvKv I biwms`x †Rjvq G RvZwUi Pvl mxgve×| mwVK
cwiPh©vi Afve Ges Ab¨vb¨ dm‡ji Pv‡c G Rv‡Zi AvIZvaxb Rwg
w`b w`b msKzwPZ n‡q Avm‡Q|
RjXzwM
cvKv Abvim jvj‡P I wN‡q mv`v i‡Oi n‡q _v‡K Ges †PvL cÖk¯Í| Mo IRb 1.0-1.5 †KwR|
cvZv KuvUv wewkó, PIov I †XD †Ljv‡bv _v‡K| RvZwU cÖwµqvRvZKiY Dc‡hvMx|
Drcv`b cÖhyw³
gvwU I Rwg ˆZwit †`vAuvk I †e‡j †`vAuvk gvwU †ek Dc‡hvMx| fvjfv‡e Pvl I gB w`‡q
gvwU SziSz‡i I Rwg mgZj Ki‡Z n‡e hv‡Z e„wói cvwb †Kvb ¯’v‡b R‡g bv _vK‡Z cv‡i|
Rwg †_‡K 15 †mwg DuPz Ges 1 wgUvi cÖk¯Í †eW ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e| GK †eW †_‡K Aci
†e‡Wi gv‡S 40-50 †mwg bvjv ivL‡Z n‡e|
Pviv †ivcYt ga¨-Avwk¦b †_‡K ga¨-AMÖnvqY (A‡±vei †_‡K b‡f¤î gvm) Avbvi‡mi Pviv
jvMv‡bvi Dchy³ mgq| ZvQvov †m‡Pi myweav _vK‡j ga¨-gvN †_‡K ga¨-dvêyb (†deªæqvwi
gvm) ch©šÍ Pviv jvMv‡bv hvq| 1 wgUvi cÖk¯Í †e‡W `yB mvwi‡Z Pviv †ivcY Ki‡Z n‡e|
mvwi †_‡K mvwii `~iZ¡ 50 †mwg Ges Pviv †_‡K Pvivi `~iZ¡ 30-40 †mwg ivL‡Z n‡e|
mv‡ii cwigvYt
mv‡ii bvg mv‡ii cwigvb/MvQ (MÖvg)
cuPv †Mvei 290-310
BDwiqv 30-36
wUGmwc 10-15
GgIwc 25-35
wRcmvg 10-15
mvi cÖ‡qvM c×wZt †Mvei, wRcmvg I wUGmwc mvi †eW ˆZwii mgq gvwUi mv‡_
wgwk‡q w`‡Z n‡e| BDwiqv I cUvk mvi Pviv †ivc‡Yi 4-5 gvm ci †_‡K ïiæ K‡i 5
43
wKw¯Í‡Z cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e| mvi †e‡W wQwU‡q fvjfv‡e gvwUi mv‡_ wgwk‡q w`‡Z
n‡e|
cwiPh©vt ï®‹ †gŠmy‡g Avbvim †¶‡Z †mP †Ìqv LyeB cÖ‡qvRb| el©v †gŠmy‡g AwZ
e„wói mgq Mv‡Qi †Mvovq hv‡Zcvwb R‡g bv _v‡K †m Rb¨ bvjv †K‡U cvwb wbKv‡ki
eë¯’v Ki‡Z n‡e| Pviv †ewk j¤^v n‡j 30 †mwg cwigvY †i‡L AvMvi cvZv mgvb K‡i †K‡U
w`‡Z n‡e| Avbvi‡mi Rwg me©`v AvMvQvgy³ ivLv cÖ‡qvRb|
dj msMÖnt mvaviYZ Pviv †ivc‡Yi 15-16 gvm ci ga¨-gvN †_‡K ga¨-ˆPÎ (†deªæqvwi-
gvP©) gv‡m Avbvim Mv‡Q dzj Av‡m Ges ga¨-‰R¨ô †_‡K ga¨-fv`ª (Ryb †_‡K AvM÷)
gv‡m Avbvim cv‡K|
djbt cÖwZ †n±i Rwg‡Z nvwbKzBb Avbvim 25-30 Ub Ges Rv‡q›U wKD 30-40 Ub nq|
ni‡gvb cÖ‡qv‡M mviv eQi Avbvim Drcv`b cÖhyw³

evsjv‡`‡k †h cwigvY Avbvim Drcvw`Z nq Zvi AwaKvskB ga¨-ˆR¨ô †_‡K ga¨-fv`ª (Ryb
†_‡K AvM÷) gv‡mi g‡a¨ AvnwiZ n‡q _v‡K| G mg‡q Ab¨vb¨ dj †hgb- Avg, KvuVvj, wjPz,
†cqviv, Rvg cÖf…wZ d‡jiI †gŠmyg| Kv‡RB G mgq Avbvi‡mi `vg K‡g hvq| GgbwK GK
mg‡q cÖPzi cwigvY Avbvim cvKvi d‡j Ges e„wói w`‡b cwien‡bi Afv‡e A‡bK dj c‡P hvq|
eQ‡ii Ab¨vb¨ mg‡q Gi Pvwn`v †ewk _vKv m‡Ë¡I ch©vß cwigv‡Y Drcv`b bv _vKv‡Z Zv
`y®cÖvc¨ n‡q hvq| d‡j `vgI †e‡o hvq| G‡Z A‡gŠmy‡g RbmvaviY Avbvim †L‡Z cv‡i bv|
ni‡gvb cÖ‡qv‡M mviv eQi Avbvim Drcv`b K‡i G mgm¨v mgvavb Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| GQvov
Avbvi‡mi Rwg‡Z me Mv‡Q GK mv‡_ dzj/dj Av‡m bv| hvi ìæY `xN©w`b hver Rwg
AvU‡K _v‡K| G‡Z Rwgi Drcv`bkxjZv n«vm cvq I dm‡ji Drcv`b LiP †e‡o hvq| ni‡gvb
cÖ‡qv‡M cÖvq kZfvM Mv‡Q GKmv‡_ dzj Av‡m| nvwbKzBb Rv‡Zi Avbvim GKwU
ißvwb‡hvM¨ dj| †µZvi Pvwn`v Abyhvqx GK †KwR A_ev Aa© †KwR IR‡bi dj Drcv`b Kiv
Avek¨K| Pvivi bq gvm eqm A_ev 22 cvZv ch©v‡q ni‡gvb cÖ‡qvM Kiv n‡j dj n‡e Avav
†KwR IR‡bi| Avevi Pvivi 13 gvm eqm A_ev 28 cvZv ch©v‡q ni‡gvb cÖ‡qvM Kiv n‡j dj
n‡e GK †KwR IR‡bi|
ni‡gvb cÖ‡qvM c×wZ t
Avbvim Pviv †ivc‡Yi 9-13 gvm ci cÖwZ gv‡m
e„wónxb w`‡b µgvbymv‡i B‡_ªj 500 wcwcGg ev
K¨vjwmqvg Kve©vBW 10,000 wcwcGg (ev 1%)
`ªeY cÖwZ Mv‡Q 50 wgwj cwigv‡Y mKv‡j
Mv‡Qi Kv‡Ð †X‡j w`‡Z n‡e| ni‡gvb cÖ‡qv‡Mi
24 NÈvi g‡a¨ e„wó n‡j Gi Kvh©KvwiZv K‡g hvq|
mviv eQi Avbvim †c‡Z n‡j Rwg‡K K‡qKwU
eø‡K fvM K‡i cÖwZ gv‡mB GK GKwU eø‡K
Avbvim Pviv †ivcY Ki‡Z nq A_ev GKevi †ivcY
K‡i 3-4wU eø‡K fvM K‡i µgvš^‡q cÖwZgv‡m
ni‡gvb cÖqvM Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| ni‡gvb cÖ‡qv‡Mi 20-40 w`b ci Mv‡Q dzj Av‡m Ges 5-6
gvm ci dj AvniY Kiv hvq|
gyKzU eë¯’vcbv
44
d‡ji gyKzU _vKv Avek¨K| wKš‘ e„nr gyKzU wewfbœ †¶‡Î we‡kl K‡i ißvwbi †¶‡Î mgm¨vi
m„wó K‡i| dzj Avmvi 65-75 w`b ci gyKz‡Ui †K›`ªxq †gwi‡÷g †jvnvi ˆZwi AMv‡ii
mvnv‡h¨ AcmviY Kiv n‡j d‡ji e„w× e¨vnZ bv K‡i gyKzU ¶y`ª _vK‡e|
Awa‡ekb- 7 t Kgjv I gvëv Pv‡li Kjv‡KŠkj

 Kgjv I gvëv Pv‡li Kjv‡KŠkj m¤ú‡K© eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
mgq t 75 wgwbU|
 mnvqK AskMÖnbKvix‡ì cÖ‡kœvËi I AskMÖnbg~jK Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g gvëv I
Kgjvi Drcv`b Kjv‡KŠkj m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Ki‡eb|
 cÖwkÿK AskMÖnbKvix‡ì wb‡q gv‡V hv‡eb Ges nv‡Z Kj‡g Kgjv I gvëv Gi Pviv
jvMv‡bv, †ivcb `yiæZ¡, mvi cÖ‡qvM, Wvj QvUvBKiY, e¨vwMs I †mP eënvwiK
†mk‡bi gva¨‡g wkLv‡eb|
 AskMªnbKvix‡ì wbKU †_‡K cÖ‡kœvË‡ii gva¨‡g, Av‡jvPbv KZUzKz eyS‡Z
 Kgjv/gvëvi `yBwU Rv‡Zi bvg ejyb?
 Kgjv/gvëvi `yBwU †cvKvi bvg ejyb?
 Kgjv/gvëvi `yBwU †iv‡Mi bvg ejyb?
 Kgjv/gvëvi ‡ivcb `yiæZ¡ ejyb?
 Kgjv/gvëv ‡ivc‡b mv‡ii gvÎv ejyb?
Kgjv Pvl
†jeyRvZxq d‡ji g‡a¨ evsjv‡`‡k Kgjv me‡P‡q RbwcÖq| GwU mywgó, myMÜhy³ I
wfUvwgb ÔwmÕ mg„× dj| evsjv‡`‡k eZ©gv‡b cÖvq 427 †n±i Rwg‡Z Kgjvi Pvl nq Ges
Gi †gvU Drcv`b 3372 Ub| wm‡jU, †gŠjfxevRvi, cÂMo I cve©Z¨ †Rjvmg~‡n Kgjv fvj
R‡b¥|
evwi Kgjv-1
Ôevwi Kgjv-1Õ RvZwU ¯’vbxqfv‡e msM„nxZ Rvg©cøvRg
†_‡K evQvB cÖwµqvi gva¨‡g wbe©vPb K‡i 1996 mv‡j Pv‡li
Rb¨ Aby‡gv`b Kiv nq| Ôevwi Kgjv-1Õ gvSvix AvK…wZi
Lvov MvQ| cvZv gvSvix, ejøvK…wZi| cvZvi †euvUvi mv‡_
¶z`ª DBs _v‡K| GwU GKwU wbqwgZ AvMvg dj cÖ`vbKvix
D”P djbkxj RvZ (MvQcÖwZ 300-400wU dj a‡i)| dj eo, IRb
180-200 MÖvg I cÖvq †MvjvK…wZi nq| cvKvi ci nj‡` is aviY
45
K‡i| d‡ji †Lvmv wXjv, dj imv‡jv I wgwó (wUGmGm 10.2% Ges GwmW 1.19%)|
†n±icÖwZ djb 20-25 Ub| e„nËi wm‡jU, PÆMÖvg, cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg I cÂMo †Rjvq
Pv‡lvc‡hvMx|
evwi Kgjv-2
evsjv‡`‡ki d‡ji †ÿ‡Î GwU GKwU bZzb ms‡hvRb| G Kgjv
MvQ ga¨g AvK…wZi Ges cÖwZeQi wbqwgZ dj a‡i| dj 7-12
†mwg AvK…wZi cÖvq †MvjvKvi Ges d‡ji Mo IRb 38
MÖvg| m¤ú~Y© cvKv Ae¯’vq dj I d‡ji kuvm Mvo njy` i‡Oi
n‡q _v‡K| d‡ji †Lvmv wXjv, kuvm imv‡jv I Lye wgwó
(wUGmGm 12%)| exR Lye †QvU AvK…wZi| G Rv‡Zi Kgjv
Mv‡Q D‡jøL‡hvM¨ †Kvb †ivMevjvB I †cvKvgvK‡oi
AvµgY nq bv|
evwi Kgjv-3
wbqwgZ dj`vbKvix D”P djbkxj RvZ| MvQwUi cvZv
Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e eo I †Svcv‡jv| dj ‡MvjvKvi I eo (Mo IRb 170
MÖvg), †`L‡Z D¾¡j Kgjv e‡Y©i| dj cvKvi ci njy` †_‡K Mvp
Kgjv is aviY K‡i| dj mvaviYZ GKKfv‡e a‡i| d‡ji †Lvmv wXjv,
kuvm imv‡jv I wgwó (wUGmGm 11.5%)| d‡ji Af¨šÍ‡i 10-
11wU LÐ we`¨gvb Ges Lv‡`¨vc‡hvMx Ask cÖvq 79.8% |
Drcv`b cÖhyw³t
Pviv Drcv`bt †hŠb I A‡hŠb Dfq c×wZ‡ZB Kgjvi esk we¯Ívi Kiv hvq| Kgjvi exR †_‡K
Pviv Drcv`bKiv †h‡Z cv‡i| Kgjvi exR †_‡K GKvwaK Pviv cvIqv hvq, hvi g‡a¨ GKwU
†hŠb I evwK¸‡jv A‡hŠb| Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e m‡ZR I †gvUv Pvivmg~n A‡hŠb Pviv ev
wbD‡mjvi Pviv wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ|
¸wU Kjg, †PvL Kjg I †Rvo Kjg Gi gva¨‡g A‡hŠb Pviv Drcv`b Kiv hvq| Kgjv Drcv`‡bi Rb¨
†ivM cÖwZ‡ivax Avw`‡Rv‡oi Dci KjgK…Z A‡hŠb Pviv DËg|
Rwg ˆZwit Rwgi AvMvQv cwi®‹vi Ki‡Z n‡e| mgZj f~wg‡Z AvovAvwo Pvl I gB w`‡q
Ges cvnvwo AÂ‡j †Kv`v‡ji mvnv‡h¨ Rwg ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e| Rwg ˆZwii ci Dfq w`‡K 4-5
wgUvi `~i‡Z¡ 60 × 60 × 60 †mwg AvKv‡i MZ© ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e| M‡Z©i gvwU Zz‡j cv‡k
†i‡L w`‡Z n‡e| el©vi c~‡e© MZ© gvwU w`‡q fwZ© K‡i ivL‡Z n‡e| Kgjv Pv‡li
wbe©vwPZ Rwg cvnvwo n‡j †mLv‡b 30-50 wgUvi `~i‡Z¡ 2-4wU eo MvQ ivLv †h‡Z
cv‡i| Z‡e eo MvQ KvU‡j wkKomn Zz‡j †dj‡Z n‡e| Zvici cvnv‡oi Xvj Abymv‡i bKkv
ˆZwi K‡i wb‡Z n‡e|
gv`v ˆZwit Pviv †ivc‡Yi 15-20 w`b c~‡e© Dfq w`‡K 4-5 wgUvi `~i‡Z¡ 75 †mwg X 75
†mwg X 75 †mwg gv‡ci MZ© Ki‡Z n‡e| cÖwZ M‡Z© 15 †KwR cPv †Mvei, 3-5 †KwR
46
QvB, 250 MÖvg wUGmwc, 250 MÖvg GgIwc Ges 250 MÖvg Pzb M‡Z©i Dc‡ii gvwUi
mv‡_ fvjfv‡e wgwk‡q MZ© fivU Ki‡Z n‡e| MZ© fivU Kivi 10-15 w`b ci Pviv †ivcY Ki‡Z
n‡e|
Pviv †ivcY c×wZ I mgqt mgZj f~wg‡Z eM©vKvi wKsev lofzRvKvi Ges cvnvox
Rwg‡Z K›Uzi c×wZ‡Z Kjg †ivcY Ki‡Z n‡e| Pviv Kjg †ivc‡Yi ci nvjKv I A¯’vqx Qvqvi
eë¯’v Ki‡Z cvi‡j fvj| el©vi ïiæ‡Z A_©vr êkvL (†g-Ryb) gvm Kgjvi Pviv jvMv‡bvi Dchy³
mgq| Z‡e †m‡Pi eë¯’v _vK‡j †h †Kvb †gŠmy‡g Kgjvi Pviv jvMv‡bv hvq|
Pviv †ivcY I cwiPh©vt my¯’ m‡ZR 1.0-1.5 eQi eq‡mi Pviv/Kjg msMÖn K‡i M‡Z©i
gvSLv‡b Ggbfv‡e †ivcY Ki‡Z n‡e †hb Pvivi †Mvovi gvwUi ejwU †f‡½ bv hvq| Pviv
†ivc‡Yi ci Mv‡Qi †Mvuovi gvwU fvjfv‡e †P‡c w`‡q nvjKv †mP w`‡Z n‡e| †ivc‡Yi ci
Pviv hv‡Z †n‡j bv c‡o †m Rb¨ k³ LywU w`‡q †eu‡a w`‡Z n‡e|
Mv‡Q mvi cÖ‡qvMt Mv‡Qi h_vh_ e„w×i Rb¨ mgqg‡Zv, mwVK cwigv‡Y Ges mwVK
c×wZ‡Z mvi cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e| Mv‡Qi eqm e„w×i mv‡_ mv‡_ mv‡ii cwigvY evov‡Z
n‡e| eqm‡f‡` MvQcÖwZ mv‡ii cwigvY wb‡¤œe †Ìqv nj|
Mv‡Qi eqm mv‡ii bvg I cwigvb
(eQi) cPv †Mvei (‡KwR) BDwiqv wUGmwc GgIwc (MÖvg)
(MÖvg) (MÖvg)
1-2 10 200 100 150
3-4 15 300 150 200
5-10 20 500 400 300
10 Gi AwaK 30 650 500 500
Dc‡ivwjøwLZ mv‡ii A‡a©K dj msMÖ‡ni ci A_©vr wW‡m¤î gv‡m Ges evwK A‡a©K dj
gv‡e©j AvKvi aviY Kivi ci A_©vr GwcÖj gv‡m cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e| djevb Mv‡Qi
Wvjcvjv †h ch©šÍ we¯Í…Z n‡q‡Q Zvi wb‡Pi Rwg †Kv`vj w`‡q nvjKv K‡i Kzwc‡q mvi
cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e| mvaviYZ Mv‡Qi †Mvovi 30 †mwg GjvKvq †Kvb mwµq wkKo _v‡K
bv, ZvB mvi cÖ‡qv‡Mi mgq GB cwigvY ¯’v‡b mvi cÖ‡qvM Kiv DwPZ bq|
cvwb †mP I wb®‹vkbt eq¯‹ Mv‡Q Liv †gŠmy‡g 2-3wU †mP w`‡j Kgjvi djb I ¸YMZ
gvb e„w× cvq| d‡ji evošÍ Ae¯’vq †mP w`‡j d‡ji AvKvi eo I imhy³ nq| Mv‡Qi †Mvovq
cvwb Rg‡j gvwU evwnZ †iv‡Mi cÖ‡Kvc e„w× cvq| ZvB AwZwi³ cvwb bvjvi gva¨‡g
wb®‹vkb K‡i w`‡Z n‡e|
Wvjcvjv QuvUvBKiYt Kgjv Mv‡Qi Rb¨ Wvj QuvUvB Acwinvh©| MvQ jvMv‡bvi ci dj
aivi c~e© ch©šÍ ax‡i ax‡i Wvj †Qu‡U MvQ‡K wbw`©ó AvKvi w`‡Z n‡e hv‡Z MvQ
Pvwiw`‡K Qov‡Z cv‡i| KviY cvk¦© Wvj¸wj‡Z dj †ewk a‡i| Kv‡Ði GK wgUvi D”PZv
ch©šÍ me Wvj QuvUvB Ki‡Z n‡e| Wvj QuvUvB Kivi ci Wv‡ji KvUv As‡k e‡`©v‡c‡÷i
cÖ†jc w`‡Z n‡e|
AvMvQv `gbt AvMvQv Kgjv Mv‡Qi †ek ¶wZ K‡i| Mv‡Qi †Mvovq hv‡Z AvMvQv
Rb¥v‡Z bv cv‡i †mw`‡K †Lqvj ivL‡Z n‡e| Mv‡Qi Dc‡i ciMvQv I jZvRvZxq AvMvQv
_vK‡j Zv `~i Ki‡Z n‡e|
dj msMÖn I msMÖ‡nvËi cwiPh©vt dj fvjfv‡e cvKvi ci A_©vr Kgjv eY© aviY Ki‡j
msMÖn Ki‡Z n‡e| G‡Z d‡ji wgóZv e„w× cvq| MvQ n‡Z dj msMÖn Kivi mgq j¶¨ ivL‡Z
n‡e dj¸‡jv‡Z hv‡Z AvNvZ bv jv‡M| ZvRv dj wngvMv‡i msi¶Y Ki‡j 100 †m. ZvcvgvÎvq I
47
80-90% Av‡cw¶K Av`ª©Zvq 2 gvm ch©šÍ Ges 5.60 †m. ZvcgvÎvq 3 gvm ch©šÍ msi¶Y
Kiv hvq| ZvRv dj msMÖ‡ni ci 13 kZvsk Zij †gv‡gi AveiY w`‡q mvaviY ZvcgvÎvqI 25 w`b
ch©šÍ msi¶Y Kiv m¤¢e|
Ab¨vb¨ cwiPh©v
wjd gvBbvi †cvKv
GwU †jey RvZxq dm‡ji Ab¨Zg gvivZ¥K kÎæ| mvaviYZ
MÖx®§ I kirKv‡j Mv‡Q bZyb cvZv MRv‡j G †cvKvi
AvµgY j¶¨ Kiv hvq| G †cvKvi Kxov¸‡jv cvZvi DcZ¡‡Ki
wVK wb‡Pi meyR Ask †L‡q AvKv-euvKv myo‡½i gZ
m„wó K‡i| cieZ©x mg‡q cvZvi wKbvivi w`K gy‡o cyËjx‡Z
cwiYZ nq| Avµg‡Yi gvÎv Zxeª n‡j Mv‡Qi cvZv KzuK‡o
hvq I weeY© n‡q ïwK‡q S‡i c‡o| AvµvšÍ cvZvq K¨v¼vi
†ivM nq| MvQ `ye©j n‡q hvq I Mv‡Qi e„w× e¨vnZ nq|
cÖwZKvi
 cwi”Qbœ Pvlvev` Ki‡Z n‡e| cÖv_wgK Ae¯’vq jvf©vmn AvµvšÍ cvZv msMÖn K‡i
cywo‡q †dj‡Z n‡e|
 cÖwZ wjUvi cvwb‡Z 0.25 wgwj GWgvqvi 200 GgGj ev 2 wgwj wKbvjv· 25 Bwm
wgwk‡q 10-15 w`b ci ci 3-4 evi KwP cvZvq †¯cÖ Ki‡Z n‡e|
d‡ji gvwQ †cvKv

c~Y©v½ †cvKv Avav cvKv d‡ji wfZ‡i wWg cv‡o| wWg
dz‡U jvf©v ev Kxov †ei n‡q d‡ji kuvm †L‡Z _v‡K| cieZ©x
mg‡q AvµvšÍ ¯’v‡b QÎvK I e¨vK‡Uwiqv R‡b¥| AvµvvšÍ dj
c‡P hvq Ges LvIqvi Abyc‡hvMx n‡q c‡o|
cÖwZKvi
AvµvšÍ dj msMÖn K‡i cywo‡q †dj‡Z n‡e ev gvwUi Mfx‡i
cuy‡Z †dj‡Z n‡e| dj cwic° nIqvi mv‡_ mv‡_ dj msMÖn Ki‡Z
n‡e| †m· †d‡ivgb duv` Øviv c~Y©v½ cyiæl †cvKv gviv †h‡Z cv‡i| AvM÷ gvm †_‡K dj
msMÖ‡ni c~e© ch©šÍ evMv‡b 10 wgUvi AšÍi G dvu` eënvi Ki‡Z n‡e|
W¨vw¤ús Ad
†jeyRvZxq d‡ji bvm©vwii Rb¨ GwU GKwU gvivZ¥K †ivM|
exR MRv‡bvi c~‡e© ev
c‡i Dfq mg‡qB G †iv‡Mi AvµgY n‡Z cv‡i| G †iv‡Mi
Avµg‡Y Pviv †Mvovi w`‡K c‡P hvq Ges Pviv g‡i hvq| el©v
†gŠmy‡g G †iv‡Mi cÖv`yf©ve †ewk nq|
cÖwZKvi
exRZjvq cÖ‡qvR‡bi AwZwi³ †mP †`qv hv‡e bv Ges `ªæZ
cvwb wbKv‡ki eë¯’v Ki‡Z n‡e| exRZjvq Nb K‡i Pviv jvMv‡bv hv‡e bv|
wMÖwbs
48
Kgjv I gvëv RvZxq Mv‡Qi wMÖwbs GKwU gvivZ¥K e¨v‡±wiqvRwbZ †ivM| mvaviYZ
†ivMvµvšÍ Mv‡Qi cvZv `¯Ívi AfveRwbZ j¶‡Yi b¨vq nj‡` fve aviY K‡i| cvZvi wkiv `ye©j
nIqv, cvZv wKQyUv KvuKov‡bv I cvZvi msL¨v K‡g Avmv, MvQ Ici †_‡K wb‡Pi w`‡K
gi‡Z _vKv I d‡ji msL¨v K‡g hvIqv n‡jv G †iv‡Mi cÖavb j¶Y| G †ivM mvBwjWevM bvgK
GK cÖKvi †cvKv Øviv msµwgZ nq| †ivMvµvšÍ MvQ ‡_‡K Wvj wb‡q †Rvo Kjg, kvLv
Kjg ev ¸wU Kjg Ki‡j bZzb Mv‡QI G †ivM †`Lv †`q|
cÖwZKvi
†g †_‡K A‡±vei ch©šÍ cÖwZ gv‡m GKevi mywgw_qb 50 Bwm cÖ‡qvM K‡i G †ivM
we¯ÍviKvix mvBwjWevM `gb Ki‡Z n‡e| AvµvšÍ MvQ DwV‡q cywo‡q †dj‡Z n‡e|
evMv‡bi mwVK eë¯’vcbvi gva¨‡g MvQ‡K my¯’ I mej ivL‡Z n‡e|
Mv‡gvwmm
dvB‡Uvd‡_viv bvgK QÎv‡Ki Avµg‡Y G †ivM nq| †ivMvµvšÍ
Mv‡Qi KvÐ I Wvj ev`vgx eY© aviY K‡i| AvµvšÍ Wv‡j
j¤^vjw¤^ dvUj †`Lv †`q Ges dvUj †_‡K AvVv †ei n‡Z _v‡K|
AvµvšÍ Wv‡ji cvZv njy` n‡q hvq Ges Wvj Dci w`K †_‡K gi‡Z
_v‡K| KvÐ ev Wv‡ji m¤ú~Y© evKj wis AvKv‡i bó n‡q MvQ
gviv hvq| gvwU‡Z AwZwi³ cvwb R‡g †M‡j G †iv‡Mi
cÖv`yf©ve †ewk nq| Mv‡Qi wkKo I †Mvovi evKj †d‡U ¶‡Zi
m„wó n‡j ¶Z¯’v‡bi wfZi w`‡q G †iv‡Mi RxevYy cÖ‡ek K‡i|
cÖwZKvi
†ivM cÖwZ‡iva ¶gZvm¤úbœ Avw`‡Rvo/iæU ÷K †hgb- iscyi
jvBg, ivd †jgb, wK¬I‡cUªv g¨vÛvwib, KvUv Rvwgi cÖf…wZ
eënvi Ki‡Z n‡e| cvwb wb®‹vk‡bi myeë¯’v Kiv Ges MvQ‡K mej I m‡ZR ivLv| gvwU
mu¨vZ mu¨v‡Z n‡Z bv †`qv Ges cÖ‡qvR‡bi AwZwi³ cvwb †mP bv †`qv| AvµvšÍ ¯’vb
Quywi Øviv †P‡Q e‡`©v‡c÷ Gi cÖ‡jc †`qv (100 MÖvg Zuy‡Z I 100 MÖvg Pyb Avjv`v
cv‡Î ¸wj‡q cwiwgZ cvwb‡Z wgwk‡q e‡`©v‡c÷ ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e)|
K¨v¼vi
GwU GKwU e¨vK‡UwiqvRwbZ †ivM| Kgjv I Ab¨vb¨ †jey RvZxq d‡ji KwP evošÍ Kzuwo,
cvZv I d‡j G †iv‡Mi AvµgY †ewk nq| AvµvšÍ cvZvi Dfq cv‡k LmL‡m ¶‡Zi m„wó nq| ¶Z
As‡ki PZyw`©‡K †MvjvKvi njy` wKbviv †`Lv hvq| cvZv njy` n‡q S‡i c‡o Ges AvµvšÍ
WMv Dci w`K †_‡K gi‡Z _v‡K| d‡ji Dci AvµgY †ewk n‡j dj †d‡U hvq I S‡i c‡o| Nb Nb
e„wó n‡j G †iv‡Mi cÖ‡Kvc e„w× cvq| AwZwi³ evZvm RwbZ Kvi‡Y I wjd gvBbvi †cvKvi
Avµg‡Y Mv‡Qi dj I cvZvq †h ¶‡Zi m„wó nq Zvi wfZi w`‡q RxevYy cÖ‡ek K‡i G †iv‡Mi
m„wó K‡i|
cÖwZKvi
e„wói †gŠmyg Avi¤¢ nIqvi c~‡e©B e‡`©vwg·vi ev KzcÖvwfU 50
WweøDwc A_ev Kcvi Aw·‡K¬vivBW cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e Ges
mgMÖ el©v †gŠmy‡g cÖwZ gv‡m GKevi DwjøwLZ
QÎvKbvkK¸‡jvi †h †Kvb GKwU †¯cÖ Ki‡Z n‡e| AvµvšÍ dj I cvZv
†K‡U †dj‡Z n‡e Ges evMv‡b R‡g _vKv AveR©bv cywo‡q †dj‡Z
49
n‡e| wjd gvBbvi bvgK †cvKv `g‡bi eë¯’v wb‡Z n‡e| †h AÂ‡j evZvm †ewk nq †mLvbKvi
evMv‡bi Pviw`‡K evZvm cÖwZ‡ivaK MvQ jvMv‡Z n‡e|
WvBe¨vK ev AvMv giv †ivM
Kgjv Mv‡Qi Rb¨ GwU AZ¨šÍ RwUj Ges gvivZ¥K †ivM| wewfbœ cÖKvi QÎvK Øviv G
†ivM n‡q _v‡K| mvaviYZ †ivMvµvšÍ I `ye©j MvQ Ges gvwU‡Z im I Lv‡`¨vcv`v‡bi
m¦íZvi Rb¨ G †iv‡Mi cÖ‡Kvc e„w× cvq| AvµvšÍ Mv‡Qi cvZv S‡i hvq I AvMv †_‡K
Wvjcvjv ïwK‡q wb‡Pi w`‡K Avm‡Z _v‡K Ges Av‡¯Í Av‡¯Í cy‡iv MvQwUB g‡i hvq|
cÖwZKvi
cwiPh©vi gva¨‡g MvQ‡K mej I m‡ZR ivLv hvq| giv Wvj 2.5 †mwg meyR Askmn †K‡U
†djv Ges KwZ©Z As‡k e‡`©v‡c÷ jvMv‡Z n‡e| eQ‡i 2/1 evi Mv‡Q KzcÖvwfU 50
WweøDwc A_ev Kcvi Aw·‡K¬vivBW cÖwZ wjUvi cvwb‡Z 2 MÖvg nv‡i wgwk‡q †¯cÖ
Kiv cÖ‡qvRb|
d‡ji †Lvmv †gvUv I im Kg
RvZMZ êwk‡óï Kvi‡Y, `¯Ív ev dmdiv‡mi NvUwZ n‡j Ges cwic° nIqvi c~‡e©B dj
msMÖn Kiv n‡j G mgm¨v nq|
cÖwZKvi
mylg mvi cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e| cÖwZ wjUvi cvwb‡Z 2 MÖvg wR¼ A·vBW A_ev 5 MÖvg
wR¼ mvj‡dU wgwk‡q 10-15 w`b ci ci 3-4 evi cvZvq I d‡j †¯cÖ Ki‡Z n‡e| Aby‡gvw`Z
Rv‡Zi Pvl Ki‡Z n‡e|
gvëv Pvl
wgwó Kgjv ev Sweet orange (Citrus sinensis)
evsjv‡`‡k gvëv bv‡g cwiwPZ| Kgjvi mv‡_ Gi g~j
cv_©K¨ nÕj Kgjvi †Lvmv wXjv wKš‘ gvëvi †Lvmv
mshy³ (UvBU)| mvBUªvm dm‡ji g‡a¨ gvëv Ab¨Zg
RbwcÖq dj| we‡k¦i me©‡gvU Drcvw`Z mvBUªvm
d‡ji g‡a¨ `yB Z…Zxqvsk n‡”Q gvëv| wf‡qZbvg,
DËi cwðg fviZ I `w¶Y Pxb gvëvi Avw` DrcwË ¯’vb|
Z‡e eZ©gv‡b GB djwU we‡k¦i Dò I Ae-DògÐjxq
GjvKvq †ewk Pvlvev` n‡”Q| evsjv‡`‡kI GB djwUi e¨vcK Pvwn`v i‡q‡Q Ges w`b w`b Gi
RbwcÖqZv †e‡oB P‡j‡Q| Kgjvi Zzjbvq Gi Awf‡hvRb ¶gZv AwaK nIqvq cvnvox GjvKv
QvovI †`‡ki Ab¨vb¨ GjvKvq mn‡RB GwU Pvl Kiv hv‡”Q| DbœZ RvZ I AvaywbK Pvlvev`
c×wZ eënv‡ii gva¨‡g evsjv‡`‡k Gi Drcv`b eû¸‡Y evov‡bv m¤¢e|
Rjevqy I gvwUt Kg e„wóeûj mywbw`©ó MÖx®§ I kxZKvj A_©vr ï®‹ I Dò Rjevqy gvëv
Pv‡li Rb¨ me‡P‡q Dc‡hvMx| evqygÐ‡ji Av`©ªZv I e„wócvZ gvëvi d‡ji ¸Yv¸Y‡K
cÖfvweZ K‡i| evZv‡mi AwaK Av`©ªZv I e„wócªeb GjvKvq gvëv d‡ji †Lvmv cvZjv nq
Ges dj †ewk imv‡jv I wbgoegv‡bi nq| ï®‹ AvenvIqvq d‡ji ¯^v` DboeZ gv‡bi nq| Av`©ª
Rjevqy‡Z †ivM I ¶wZKi †cvKvi Dc`ªe †ewk nq| gvëv MvQ Av‡jv cQ›` ga¨g †_‡K nvév
†`vAuvk gvwU gvëv Pv‡li Rb¨ DËg| ga¨g A¤ø †_‡K mvgvb¨ ¶vixq gvwU‡Z gvëv R‡b¥,
50
Z‡e 5.5-6.5 A¤øZvq (pH) fvj R‡b¥| gvëv Rjve×Zv †gv‡UI mn¨ Ki‡Z cv‡i bv Ges D”PgvÎvi
Zvc I je‡Yi cÖwZ ms‡e`bkxj|
gvëvi RvZt
evsjv‡`‡ki evRv‡i we‡`k †_‡K Avg`vwbK…Z meyR I Kgjv e‡Y©i gvëv e¨vcK nv‡i wewµ
n‡Z †`Lv hvq| evsjv‡`k K…wl M‡elYv Bbw÷wUDU Ôevwi gvëv-1Õ bv‡g 2003 mv‡j
gvëvi GKwU DbœZ RvZ D™¢veb K‡i‡Q| G Rv‡Zi cvKv dj †`L‡Z AvKl©Yxq meyR Ges
†L‡Z my¯^v`y| RvZwUi êwkó¨ wb‡¤œ †`qv n‡jvt
evwi gvëv-1
wbqwgZ dj`vbKvix D”P djbkxj RvZ| MvQ Lv‡Uv,
Qov‡bv I AZ¨waK †Svcv‡jv| ga¨-dvêyb †_‡K ga¨ ˆPÎ
ch©šÍ mg‡q Mv‡Q dzj Av‡m Ges KvwZ©K gv‡m dj
AvniY Dc‡hvMx nq| dj †MvjvKvi, gvSvix AvK…wZi
(150 MÖvg)| d‡ji ˆ`N©¨ 7 †mwg Ges cÖ¯’ 5 †mwg| cvK
d‡ji is meyR| d‡ji cy®ú cªv‡šÍ cqmv mv`„k mvgvb¨ wbPz
e„Ë we`¨gvb| d‡ji †Lvmv ga¨g cy‡iv I kv‡mi mv‡_ mshy³|
kuvm njy`vf, imv‡jv, †L‡Z wgwó I mym¦v`y (weª·gvb 7.8%)| MvQcÖwZ 300-400wU dj
a‡i| †n±icÖwZ djb 20 Ub| e„nËi wm‡jU, PÆMÖvg, cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg I cÂMomn †`‡ki me
AÂ‡j Pv‡li Rb¨ Dc‡hvMx|
esk we¯Ívit exR I Kj‡gi gva¨‡g gvëvi esk we¯Ívi Kiv hvq| cwic° d‡ji exR msMÖn K‡i
K‡qK w`‡bi g‡a¨B bvmv©wi‡Z ¯’vcb K‡i Pviv Drcv`b Kiv nq| Z‡e ex‡Ri Pviv Avgv‡ì
†`‡ki gvwU I AvenvIqvi mv‡_ mgš^q K‡i †ewk w`b wU‡K _vK‡Z cv‡i bv| ZvB Kj‡gi
gva¨‡g Pviv ˆZwi KivB DËg| ZvQvov Kj‡gi gva¨‡g Pviv Drcv`b Ki‡j †mUvi gvZ…
¸Yv¸YI wVK _v‡K Ges `ªæZ dj a‡i| G Qvov †ivM cÖwZ‡ivax I ewjô wkKo mg„×
Avw`‡Rv‡oi Dci Kjg Kivi d‡j Mv‡Qi RxebKvj I djb ¶gZv e„w× cvq|
†Rvo Kjgt MÖvdwUs Gi Rb¨ cÖ ‡g iæU÷K (Avw`‡Rvo) Drcv`b Ki‡Z n‡e| iæU÷K
wn‡m‡e evZvwe‡je,y ivd‡jgb, KvUv Rvwgi, iscyi jvBg cÖf„wZ eënvi Kiv nq| AZtci
Kvw•¶Z gvZ„MvQ n‡Z mvqb (Dc‡Rvo) msMÖn K‡i iæU÷‡Ki Dci ¯’vcb K‡i gvëvi
MÖvdwUs ˆZwi Kiv nq| iæU÷K wn‡m‡e 1.0 n‡Z 1.5 eQi eq‡mi my¯’, mej I †mvRvfv‡e
e„w× cÖvß Pviv wbe©vPb Ki‡Z n‡e| wbe©vwPZ gvZ„MvQ n‡Z mvqb ˆZwii Rb¨ `ywU
†PvLmn 5-6 †mwg j¤¦v I 8-9 gvm eq‡mi Wvj msMÖn Ki‡Z n‡e| ga¨-êkvL †_‡K ga¨-fv`ª
(†g †_‡K AvM÷) gvm ch©šÍ MÖvdwUs Kiv hvq| wfwbqvi I †K¬dU MÖvdwUs Dfq
c×wZ‡ZB gvëvi Kjg ˆZwi Kiv hvq| mvaviYZ Kjg Kivi 10-15 w`‡bi g‡a¨ iæU÷K I mvq‡bi
g‡a¨ ms‡hvM ¯’vwcZ nq Ges mvq‡bi †PvL dz‡U Kuzwk †ei nq| Kjg n‡Z GKvwaK Wvj
†ei n‡j my¯’ mej I †mvRvfv‡e †e‡o DVv WvjwU †i‡L evwK¸‡jv †K‡U †dj‡Z n‡e|
Avw`‡Rvo †_‡K Drcbœ Kzwk wbqwgZfv‡e AcmviY Ki‡Z n‡e|
51
evwi gvëv- 2
evsjv‡`‡ki Af¨šÍ‡i wewfbœ ¯’vb †_‡K
msMÖn K‡i msM„nxZ
Rvg©cøvR‡gi ga¨ †_‡K evQvB K‡i
g~j¨vq‡bi gva¨‡g Ôevwi‡jey-4Õ RvZwU
D™¢veb Kiv nq Ges 2017 mv‡j RvZ
wnmv‡e Aby‡gv`b Kiv nq| evwi gvëv -2
GKwU wbqwgZ dj`vbKvix D”P djbkxj
RvZ| dj Avni‡Yi mgq †m‡Þ¤î †_‡K b‡f¤î| MvQ `ªæZea©bkxj, †Svcv‡jv ¯^fv‡ei| cvZv
Dce„ËvKvi, cÎdj‡Ki AMÖfvM m~uPv‡jv I Mvp meyR e‡Y©i| dzj mv`v, †QvU,
Dfqwjw½K, cuvP (5) cvcwo wewkó| A‡bK¸‡jv dyj mvBg mv`„k¨ cy®ú gÄyix‡Z mvRv‡bv
_v‡K| dz‡j 5 wU †`L‡Z meyR e‡Y©i Ges wUGmGm 7.5%| dj mvaviYZ ¸”QvKv‡i a‡i| d‡ji
Af¨šÍ‡i 10-11 wU LÐ we`¨gvb Ges Lv‡`¨vc‡hvMx Ask cÖvq 72.95%| d‡j 11-12 wU ch©šÍ
exR we`¨gvb|Drcv`DcÖhyDw³
Drcv`b cÖhyw³
Rwg wbe©vPb I ˆZwit mvivw`b †iv` c‡o Ges e„wói cvwb R‡g bv Ggb DuPz ev gvSvix-
DuPz Rwg gvëv Pv‡li Rb¨ wbe©vPb Ki‡Z n‡e| wbe©vwPZ RwgwU ch©vqµwgK Pvl I gB
w`‡q Rwg mgvb K‡i wb‡Z n‡e| Rwg †_‡K AvMvQv cwi®‹vi Ki‡Z n‡e Ges Av‡k cv‡k
DuPz MvQ _vK‡j Zvi Wvjcvjv †Qu‡U w`‡Z n‡e|
†ivcY c×wZt mgZj f~wg‡Z eM©vKvi ev lofyRx c×wZ‡Z Ges cvnvox GjvKvq K›Uzi
c×wZ‡Z Pviv/Kjg †ivcY Kiv nq| mvaviYZ ga¨-êkvL †_‡K ga¨-fv`ª (†g †_‡K AvM÷)
gv‡mi g‡a¨ gvëv Pviv jvMv‡bv DËg| Z‡e cvwb †mP wbwðZ Kiv †M‡j eQ‡ii Ab¨vb¨ mgqI
Pviv jvMv‡bv †h‡Z cv‡i|
gv`v ˆZwit Pviv †ivc‡Yi 15-20 w`b c~‡e© Dfq w`‡K 4.0 wgUvi `~i‡Z¡ 75X75X75 †m.wg.
gv‡ci MZ© Ki‡Z n‡e| cÖwZ M‡Z© 15 †KwR K‡¤úv÷ ev cuPv †Mvei, 3-5 †KwR QvB,
250 MÖvg wUGmwc, 250 MÖvg GgIwc mvi Ges 250 MÖvg Pzb M‡Z©i Dc‡ii gvwUi
mv‡_ fvjfv‡e wgwk‡q MZ© fivU Ki‡Z n‡e| MZ© fivU Kivi 10-15 w`b ci Pviv †ivcb Ki‡Z
n‡e|
Pviv/Kjg †ivcYt M‡Z© mvi cÖ‡qv‡Mi 10-15 w`b ci wbe©vwPZ Pviv/KjgwU M‡Z©i
gvSLv‡b †mvRvfv‡e †ivcY Ki‡Z n‡e| †ivc‡Yi ci LyuwU w`‡q Pviv/KjgwU LuywUi mv‡_
†eu‡a w`‡Z n‡e| AZtci cÖ‡qvRbg‡Zv cvwb I †eovi eë¯’v Ki‡Z n‡e|
mvi cÖ‡qvMt Mv‡Qi h_vh_ e„w×i Rb¨ mgqg‡Zv mwVK cwigv‡Y Ges mwVK c×wZ‡Z
mvi cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e| Mv‡Qi eqm e„w×i mv‡_ mv‡_ mv‡ii cwigvY evov‡Z n‡e| eqm
†f‡` MvQcÖwZ mv‡ii cwigvY wb‡P †Ìqv n‡jv|
Mv‡Qi eqm (eQi) mv‡ii bvg I cwigvYt
Mv‡Qi eqm mv‡ii bvg I cwigvb
(eQi) cuPv BDwiqv wUGm GgIwc wRsK †evib mvi
†Mvei (MÖvg) wc (MÖvg) mvj‡dU (MÖvg)
(‡KwR) (MÖvg) (MÖvg)
1-2 10-12 200-300 100-150 100-150 10 5
52
3-4 12-15 300-450 150-200 150-200 15 8
5-7 15-18 450-600 200-300 200-250 20 10
8-10 18-20 600-700 300-450 250-300 25 12
10 Gi AwaK 20-25 750 500 450 30 15
cÖwZeQi ga¨-dvêyb †_‡K ga¨-ˆPÎ (gvP©) elv©i c~‡e© ga¨-êkvL †_‡K ga¨-ˆR¨ô (†g) Ges
elv©i ci ga¨-fv`ª †_‡K ga¨-Avwk¦b (†m‡Þ¤î) gv‡m wZb wKw¯Í‡Z mvi cÖ‡qvM Kiv
†h‡Z cv‡i| Z‡e †m‡Pi eë¯’v bv _vK‡j elv©i Av‡M I c‡i `yB wKw¯Í‡Z mvi cÖ‡qvM Kiv
fvj|
AvMvQv `gbt el©vi †k‡l mvi cÖ‡qv‡Mi ci Mv‡Qi †Mvov †_‡K GKUz `~‡i wewfbœ
jZvcvZv ev Lo Øviv e„ËvKv‡i gvjP K‡i w`‡j AvMvQv `gbmn ï®‹ †gŠmy‡g Av`ª©Zv
msiw¶Z nq| mvaviYZ el©vi ïiæ‡Z I el©vi †k‡l m¤ú~Y© evMv‡b nvjKv Pvl w`‡q
AvMvQv cwi®‹vi Ki‡j fvj dj cvIqv hvq|
†mP cÖ‡qvMt fvj dj‡bi Rb¨ Livi mgq ev ï®‹ †gŠmy‡g wbqwgZ †mP †`qv GKvšÍ ìKvi|
elv©i mgq Mv‡Qi †Mvovq hv‡Z cvwb bv R‡g †m Rb¨ `ªæZ cvwb wb®‹vk‡bi e‡›`ve¯Í
Ki‡Z n‡e|
Wvj QvuUvBKiYt gvëv Mv‡Qi Rb¨ Wvj QuvUvB Acwinvh©| MvQ jvMv‡bvi ci dj aivi
c~e© ch©šÍ ax‡i ax‡i Wvj †Qu‡U MvQ‡K wbw©`ó AvKvi w`‡Z n‡e hv‡Z MvQ
Pvwiw`‡K Qov‡Z cv‡i| KviY cvk¦© Wvj¸wj‡Z dj †ewk a‡i| Kv‡Ði GK wgUvi D”PZv
ch©šÍ me Wvj QuvUvB Ki‡Z n‡e| Wvj QuvUvB Kivi ci Wv‡ji KvUv As‡k e‡`©v‡c‡÷I
cÖ‡jc w`‡Z n‡e| GQvov cvwb †ZDo ev Water sucker Drcboe nIqvgvÎ †K‡U †dj‡Z n‡e|
giv, ïKbv Ges †ivM I †cvKv-gvKo AvµvšÍ Wvjcvjv †K‡U cwi®‹vi ivL‡Z n‡e|
dj cvZjvKiY I e¨vwMst evwi gvëv-1 Gi Mv‡Q cÖwZeQi cÖPzi msL¨K dj Av‡m| mg¯Í dj
ivLv n‡j dj
AvKv‡i †QvU I wb¤œgv‡bi nq| GRb¨ cÖwZ cy®ú gÄix‡Z my¯’ I m‡ZR †`‡L `yÕwU K‡i
dj †i‡L evwK¸‡jv †QvU _vKv Ae¯’vqB (gv‡e©j Ae¯’v) QuvUvB Kiv ìKvi| Kj‡gi MvQ
cÖ_g ev wØZxq eQi †_‡K dj w`‡Z ïiæ K‡i| Mv‡Qi e„w×i Rb¨ 1g eQi dj bv ivLvB fvj,
wØZxq eQi Aí msL¨K dj ivLv †h‡Z cv‡i| Gfv‡e ch©vqµ‡g Mv‡Qi Ae¯’v we‡ePbv K‡i dj
ivL‡Z n‡e| d‡ji eY© meyR nIqvq cvwL I †cvKvi AvµgY Kg nq| Z‡e cwic°Zvi c~‡e©
e¨vwMs Ki‡j AevwÃZ †cvKv gvK‡oi AvµgY †iva Kiv hvq|
dj msMÖnt dj c~Y©Zv cÖvwßi mv‡_ mv‡_ d‡ji Mvp meyR eY© nvjKv meyR ev
d¨vKv‡k meyR n‡Z _v‡K| evwi gvëv-1 †m‡Þ¤î, A‡±vei gv‡m AvniY Kiv nq| cwic° dj
nvZ A_ev Rvwjhy&³ evu‡ki †KvUvi mvnv‡h¨ msMÖn Kiv nq| dj msMÖ‡ni ci
AvNvZcÖvß I bó nIqv dj¸‡jv Avjv`v Ki‡Z n‡e| fvj gv‡bi dj¸‡jv cÖ‡qvR‡b †MÖwWs K‡i
cwi®‹vi Kvco w`‡q gy‡Q VvÐv RvqMvq msi¶Y Ki‡Z n‡e|
53
Awa‡ekb- 8 t Kjv Pv‡li Kjv‡KŠkj
 Kjv Pv‡li Kjv‡KŠkj m¤ú‡K© e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
mgq t 75 wgwbU|
 mnvqK AskMÖnbKvix‡ì cÖ‡kœvËi I AskMÖnbg~jK Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g Kjv
 cÖwkÿK AskMÖnbKvix‡ì wb‡q gv‡V hv‡eb Ges nv‡Z Kj‡g Kjv Gi Pviv
jvMv‡bv, †ivcb `yiæZ¡, mvi cÖ‡qvM, I †mP eënvwiK †mk‡bi gva¨‡g wkLv‡eb|
 AskMªnbKvix‡ì wbKU †_‡K cÖ‡kœvË‡ii gva¨‡g Av‡jvPbv KZUzKz eyS‡Z
 Kjvi `yBwU Rv‡Zi bvg ejyb?
 Kjvi `yBwU †cvKvi bvg ejyb?
 Kjvi †iv‡Mi bvg ejyb?
 Kjvi ‡ivcb `yiæZ¡ ejyb?
 Kjv ‡ivc‡b mv‡ii gvÎv ejyb?

Kjv
DògÐjxq AÂ‡ji wewfbœ d‡ji g‡a¨ Kjv GKwU DrK…ó
dj| Kjv evsjv‡`‡ki cÖavb dj hv mviv eQi cvIqv hvq Ges
mK‡jB LvIqvi my‡hvM cvq| e¸ov, h‡kvi, ewikvj, iscyi,
gqgbwmsn cÖf„wZ GjvKvq e¨vcKfv‡e Kjvi Pvl nq|
evsjv‡`‡k cÖvq 49 nvRvi †n±i Rwg‡Z Kjvi Pvl nq Ges
evwl©K †gvU Drcv`b 8.07 j¶ †g. Ub| Kjvi †n±icÖwZ
djb 15.60 Ub| Kjv K¨vjwi, Lv`¨cÖvY, LwbR c`v_©
mg„× I myMÜx Ges cywóKi dj| djb Ab¨vb¨ dj I dmj
54
A‡c¶v A‡bK †ewk| avb, Mg I wgwó Avjyi Pvl K‡i cÖwZ †n±‡i †hLv‡b 11.2, 6.6 I 39.8 j¶
wK‡jv K¨vjwi Lv`¨-kw³ Drcbœ nq †mLv‡b Kjv †_‡K cÖvq 50.0 j¶ wK‡jv K¨vjwi cvIqv
hvq| Kjvi me‡P‡q eo êwkó¨ †h mviv eQiB Drcbœ nq|
Kjvi RvZ:
 mewi Kjv
 mvMi Kjv
 P¤úv Kjv
 KuvVvwj Kjv
 Kvewj Kjv
 AvbvwR Kjv/KuvP Kjv
 evwi Kjv-1,2,3,4 I 5
Drcv`b cÖhyw³
gvwUt ch©vß †iv`hy³ I cvwb wb®‹vk‡bi myeë¯’v m¤úbœ DuPz Rwg Kjv Pv‡li Rb¨
Dchy³| De©i †`vAuvk gvwU Kjv Pv‡li Rb¨ DËg|
Rwg ˆZwi I MZ© Lbbt Rwg fvjfv‡e Mfxi K‡i Pvl Ki‡Z nq| †ò †_‡K `yB wgUvi `~‡i
`~‡i 60x60x60 †m.wg. AvKv‡ii MZ© Lbb Ki‡Z nq| Pviv †ivc‡Yi gvmLv‡bK Av‡MB
MZ© Lbb Ki‡Z nq| M‡Z© †Mvei I wUGmwc mvi gvwUi mv‡_ wgwk‡q MZ© eÜ K‡i
ivL‡Z n‡e|
†ivc‡Yi mgqt Kjvi Pviv eQ‡i 3 †gŠmy‡g †ivcY Kiv hvq|
cÖ_g †ivcY: Avwk¦b-KvwZ©K (ga¨-†m‡Þ¤î †_‡K ga¨-b‡f¤î)|
wØZxq †ivcY: gvN-dvêyb (ga¨-Rvbyqvwi †_‡K ga¨-gvP©)|
Z…Zxq †ivcY: ˆPÎ-êkvL (ga¨-gvP© †_‡K ga¨-†g)|
Pviv †ivcYt †ivc‡Yi Rb¨ Awm †ZDo (Sword sucker) DËg| Awm †ZD‡oi cvZv miæ,
myPv‡jv| A‡bKUv Z‡jvqv‡ii gZ, ¸wo eo I kw³kvjx Ges KvÐ µgk †Mvov †_‡K Dc‡ii w`‡K
miæ nq| wZb gvm eq¯‹ my¯’ mej †ZDo †ivMgy³ evMvb †_‡K msMÖn Ki‡Z nq| mvaviYZ
Lv‡Uv Rv‡Zi Mv‡Qi 35-45 †mwg I j¤^v Rv‡Zi Mv‡Qi 50-60 †m.wg. ˆ`‡N©ï †ZDo
eënvi Kiv nq| G Qvov wUmy¨ KvjPvi Pviv eënvi Kiv n‡j evowZ wKQy myweav cvIqv
hvq|
Kjv Mv‡Q mvi cÖ‡qvMt Pviv †ivc‡Yi ci Mv‡Qi myôz e„w×i Rb¨ wbqwgZ mvi
cÖ‡qvM Kiv Avek¨K| eqm wfwË‡Z MvQ cÖwZ mv‡ii cwigvY wb‡¤œ †`Lv‡bv n‡jvt
mv‡ii bvg MvQ cÖwZ mv‡ii cwigvb
‡Mvei 10 †KwR
BDwiqv 500 MÖvg
wUGmwc 400 MÖvg
GgIwc 600 MÖvg
wRcmvg 200 MÖvg
wRcmvg 1.5 MÖvg
‡evib 2 MÖvg
55
cÖ‡qvM c×wZt m¤ú~Y© cwigvY †Mvei, wUGmwc, wRcmvg, wRsK mvj‡dU Ges ewiK
GwmW Ges A‡a©K GgIwc mvi MZ© ˆZwii mgq gvwUi mv‡_ cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e|
BDwiqv I evwK A‡a©K GgIwc mvi Pviv †ivc‡Yi 2 gvm ci †_‡K 2 gvm ci ci 3 ev‡i Ges
dzj Avmvi ci AviI GKevi Mv‡Qi PZ©yw`‡K gvwUi mv‡_ wgwk‡q w`‡Z nq| mvi †`qvi
mgq Rwg nvjKvfv‡e †Kvcv‡Z n‡e hv‡Z wkKo †K‡U bv hvq| Rwgi Av`ª©Zv Kg _vK‡j
mvi †`qvi ci cvwb †mP †`qv GKvšÍ cÖ‡qvRb|
cwiPh©vt Pviv †ivc‡Yi mgq gvwU‡Z ch©vß Av`ª©Zv bv _vK‡j ZLbB †mP †Ìqv DwPZ|
G Qvov, ï®‹ gŠmy‡g 15-20 w`b AšÍi †mP †Ìqv ìKvi| el©vi mgq Kjv evMv‡b hv‡Z cvwb
Rg‡Z bv cv‡i Zvi Rb¨ bvjv _vKv Avek¨K| †gvPv Avmvi c~e© ch©šÍ Mv‡Qi †Mvovq
†Kvb †ZDo ivLv DwPZ bq| †gvPv Avmvi ci MvQcÖwZ gvÎ GKwU †ZDo evo‡Z †`qv fvj|
dmj msMÖnt FZz‡f‡` †ivc‡Yi 10-13 gv‡mi g‡a¨ mvaviYZt me Rv‡Zi KjvB cwic° n‡q
_v‡K| evwYwR¨K wfwË‡Z Pvl Ki‡j Kjvi Mv‡qi wkiv¸‡jv wZb-PZz©vsk cy‡iv n‡jB
KvU‡Z nq| ZvQvovI Kjvi AMÖfv‡Mi cy®cvsk ïwK‡q †M‡j eyS‡Z n‡e Kjv cyó n‡q‡Q|
mvaviYZ †gvPv Avmvi ci dj cyó n‡Z 21/2- 4 gvm mgq jv‡M| Kjv KvUv‡bvi ci Kuvw` k³
RvqMvq ev gvwU‡Z ivL‡j Kjvi Mv‡q Kv‡jv `vM c‡o Ges Kjv cvKvi mgq `vMIqvjv Ask
ZvovZvwo c‡P hvq|
Ab¨vb¨ cwiPh©v
Kjvi cvbvgv †ivM eë¯’vcbv
GwU GKwU QÎvKRwbZ gvivZ¥K †ivM| G †iv‡Mi
Avµg‡Y cÖ‡g eq¯‹ cvZvi wKbviv njy` n‡q hvq Ges c‡i
KwP cvZvI njy` is aviY K‡i| cieZx© mgq cvZv †euvUvi
Kv‡Q †f‡½ Mv‡Qi PZzw`©‡K Sz‡j _v‡K Ges g‡i hvq|
wKš‘ me‡P‡q KwP cvZvwU Mv‡Qi gv_vq Lvov n‡q
`vuwo‡q _v‡K| Ae‡k‡l MvQ g‡i hvq| †Kvb †Kvb mgq
MvQ j¤^vjw¤^fv‡e †d‡UI hvq| Af¨šÍixY j¶Y wn‡m‡e
fvmKzjvi ev‡Ûj nj‡`-ev`vgx is aviY K‡i|
cÖwZKvi
 AvµvšÍ MvQ †Mvovmn DwV‡q cywo‡q †dj‡Z n‡e|
 AvµvšÍ Mv‡Qi †ZDo †ivcY Kiv hv‡e bv|
 †ivM cÖwZ‡ivax Rv‡Zi Pvl Ki‡Z n‡e|
 AvµvšÍ Rwg‡Z 3-4 eQi Kjv Pvl Kiv hv‡e bv|
Kjvi wmMv‡UvKv †ivM `gb
G †iv‡Mi Avµg‡Y cÖv_wgKfv‡e 3q ev 4_© cvZvq †QvU
†QvU njy` `vM †`Lv hvq| µgk `vM¸‡jv eo nq I ev`vgx is
aviY K‡i| Gfv‡e GKvwaK `vM wg‡j eo `v‡Mi m„wó K‡i
Ges ZLb cvZv cy‡o hvIqvi gZ †`Lvq|
cÖwZKvi
 AvµvšÍ cvZv †K‡U cywo‡q †dj‡Z n‡e|
 cÖwZ wjUvi cvwb‡Z 0.5 wgwj wUë 250 Bwm
A_ev 1 MÖvg A‡Uvw÷b wgwk‡q 15 w`b ci ci Mv‡Q †¯úª Ki‡Z n‡e|
56
Kjvi evbwP-Uc fvBivm †ivM eë¯’vcbv
G †iv‡Mi Avµg‡Y Mv‡Qi e„w× n«vm cvq Ges cvZv
¸”QvKv‡i †ei nq| cvZv AvKv‡i Lv‡Uv, AcÖk¯Í Ges Dc‡ii
w`‡K Lvov _v‡K| KwP cvZvi wKbviv Dc‡ii w`‡K
euvKv‡bv Ges mvgvb¨ njy` i‡Oi nq| A‡bK mgq cvZvi ga¨
wkiv I †euvUvq Nb meyR `vM †`Lv hvq| cvZvi wkivi g‡a¨
Nb meyR `vM c‡o|
cÖwZKvi
 AvµvšÍ MvQ †Mvovmn DwV‡q cywo‡q †dj‡Z n‡e|
 RxevYy enbKvix ÔRve †cvKvÕ KxUbvkK †hgb g¨vjvw_Ib MÖæ‡ci Jla Øviv `gb
Ki‡Z n‡e|
Kjvi cvZv I d‡ji weUj †cvKv

Kjvi cvZv I d‡ji weUj †cvKv Kjvi KwP cvZvq nvUvnvwU
K‡i Ges meyR
Ask bó K‡i| d‡j †mLv‡b AmsL¨ `v‡Mi m„wó nq| AwZwi³
Avµg‡Y MvQ `ye©j n‡q hvq| Kjv †ei nIqvi mgq n‡j †cvKv
†gvPvi g‡a¨ Xy‡K KwP Kjvi Dci nuvUvnvwU K‡i Ges im
Pz‡l Lvq| d‡j Kjvi Mv‡q emšÍ †iv‡Mi `v‡Mi gZ `vM nq|
Gme `v‡Mi Kvi‡Y Kjvi evRvi g~j¨ K‡g hvq|
cÖwZKvi t
 cvKv-AvµvšÍ gv‡V evi evi Kjv Pvl Kiv hv‡e bv|
 Kjvi †gvPv †ei nIqvi mgq wQ`ªwewkó cwjw_b
e¨vM eënvi K‡i G †cvKvi AvµgY †_‡K i¶v cvIqv
hvq|
 cÖwZ 1 wjUvi cvwb‡Z 1 MÖvg †mwfb 85
WweøDwc wgwk‡q 15 w`b ci ci 2 evi Mv‡Qi cvZvi
Dc‡i wQUv‡Z n‡e| g¨vjvw_qb ev WvqvwRbb 60 Bwm ev
wjevwmW 50 Bwm 2 wgwj nv‡i eënvi Ki‡Z n‡e|
57
Awa‡ekb- 9 t †cu‡c Pv‡li Kjv‡KŠkj
 †cu‡c Pv‡li Kjv‡KŠkj m¤ú‡K© eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
mgq t 75 wgwbU|
 mnvqK AskMÖnbKvix‡ì cÖ‡kœvËi I AskMÖnbg~jK Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g ‡cu‡c
 cÖwkÿK AskMÖnbKvix‡ì wb‡q gv‡V hv‡eb Ges nv‡Z Kj‡g ‡cu‡c Gi Pviv
jvMv‡bv, †ivcb `yiæZ¡, mvi cÖ‡qvM, dj cvZjvKiY I †mP eënvwiK †mk‡bi gva¨‡g
wkLv‡eb|
 ‡cu‡ci `yBwU Rv‡Zi bvg ejyb?
 ‡cu‡ci `yBwU †cvKvi bvg ejyb?
 ‡cu‡ci `yBwU †iv‡Mi bvg ejyb?
 ‡cu‡ci ‡ivcb `yiæZ¡ ejyb?
 ‡cu‡c ‡ivc‡b mv‡ii gvÎv ejyb?

†cu‡c
†cu‡c we‡k¦i Ab¨Zg cÖavb dj| evsjv‡`‡kI †cu‡c LyeB
RbwcÖq I ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| †cu‡ci KZ¸‡jv êwkó¨ i‡q‡Q|
58
cÖ_gZ GUv ¯^í‡gqv`x, wØZxqZ Bnv †Kej dj bq mewR wn‡m‡eI Gi e¨vcK eënvi i‡q‡Q,
Z…ZxqZ †cu‡c AZ¨šÍ my¯^v`,y cywóKi Ges Jlax ¸Ym¤úbœ| e„nËi ivRkvnx, cvebv I
h‡kv‡i DrK…ó gv‡bi †cu‡c Drcbœ nq| G‡`‡k eZ©gv‡b cÖvq 1.6 nvRvi †n±i Rwg‡Z
†cu‡ci Pvl nq Ges Gi †gvU Drcv`b cÖvq 21.6 nvRvi Ub| †n±i cÖwZ Mo djb 7 Ub| Av‡gi
ciB wfUvwgb ÔGÕ Gi cÖavb Drm nj cvKv †cu‡c| KuvPv †cu‡c‡Z cÖPzi †c‡cBb bvgK
nRgKvix Dcv`vb _v‡K|
†cu‡ci RvZ t
 kvnx
 ¯’vbxq
 nvBweªW
kvnx †cu‡c
ivRkvnx AÂj n‡Z msM„nxZ ¯’vbxq Rvg©cøvRg †_‡K
evQvB cÖwµqvi gva¨‡g †cu‡ci DbœZ RvZ Ôkvnx
†cu‡cÕ D™¢veb Kiv nq| RvZwU 1992 mv‡j RvZxq
exR †evW© KZ©„K Aegy³ nq| kvnx †cu‡c GKwU GK
wjw½K Rv‡Zi †cu‡c| ¯¿x I cyiæl dzj Avjv`v Mv‡Q a‡i|
¯¿x Mv‡Qi cÖwZwU cÎ K‡¶i GKwU †euvUvq 3wU
K‡i ¯¿x dzj Av‡m| Aci c‡¶ cyiæl Mv‡Q j¤^v †euvUvq
GKm‡½ A‡bK cyiæl dzj a‡i| MvQ nvjKv meyR e‡Y©i| Z‡e cvZvi is Mvp meyR| Pviv
jvMv‡bvi 3-4 gvm ci dzj Av‡m|
Kv‡Ði Lye wbPz n‡Z dj aviY ïiæ nq| dzj Avmvi 3-4
gvm ci cvKv †cu‡c msMÖn Kiv hvq| RvZwU †`‡ki
me©ÎB Pv‡lvc‡hvMx|Mv‡Qi D”PZv 160-200 †mwg,
cvZvi msL¨v 17-20wU, cvZvi †euvUvi ˆ`N©¨ 24-28
†mwg, cvZvi ˆ`N¨© 23-27 †mwg Ges cÖ¯’ 24-28
†m.wg.| d‡ji AvKvi wW¤^vK…wZi, cÖwZwU d‡ji IRb
50-950 MÖvg, d‡ji ˆ`N¨© 13-15 †mwg I cÖ¯’ 9-11
†mwg| d‡j kuv‡mi cyiæZ¡ 2 †mwg, kuv‡mi is Mvp
Kgjv, djcÖwZ ex‡Ri msL¨v 500-530wU, m`¨ msM„nxZ
ex‡Ri IRb 35-40 MÖvg, ïKbv kZ ex‡Ri IRb 1.0-1.2 MÖvg| exR wW¤^vK…wZi Ges ex‡Ri
is †fj‡fU Kv‡jv nq| RvZwU cÖvq mviv eQiB dj w`‡q _v‡K Ges †ivc‡Yi 8-9 gv‡mi g‡a¨
cvKv dj cvIqv hvq| †n±i cÖwZ djb 40-60 Ub| DrK…ó gv‡bi mewR wn‡m‡e mviv‡`‡k
KuvPv d‡ji Pvwn`v Av‡Q| ZvB kvnx †cu‡ci Pvl AZ¨šÍ jvfRbK|
Drcv`b cÖhyw³
gvwUt mywb®‹vwkZ, DuPz I gvSvix DuPz Rwg wbe©vPb Ki‡Z n‡e| Dchy³ cwiPh©vi
Øviv cÖvq me ai‡bi gvwU‡ZB †cu‡ci Pvl Kiv hvq| Z‡e D”P ˆRe c`v_© mg„× †e‡j
†`vAuvk gvwU DËg|
ex‡Ri nvit `yB wgUvi `~‡i `~‡i mvwi K‡i cÖwZ mvwi‡Z 2 wgUvi `~i‡Z¡ Pviv †ivcY
Ki‡j 1 †n±i Rwg‡Z 2500 Mv‡Qi Rb¨ 7500 Pvivi cÖ‡qvRb nq| m`¨ msM„nxZ exR n‡j 140-
160 MÖvg exR w`‡q cÖ‡qvRbxq Pviv ˆZwi Kiv hvq|
59
Pviv ˆZwit exR †_‡K esk we¯Ívi Kiv nq| cwjw_b e¨v‡M Pviv ˆZwi Ki‡j †ivc‡Yi ci Pviv
`ªæZ e„w× cvq| 15:10 †m.wg. AvKv‡ii e¨v‡M mgcwigvY evwj, gvwU I cPv †Mve‡ii
wgkªY fwZ© K‡i e¨v‡Mi Zjvq 2-3 wU wQ`ª Ki‡Z n‡e| Zvici G‡Z m`¨ msM„nxZ exR n‡j
1wU Ges cyivZb n‡j 2-3wU exR ecb K‡Z n‡e| GKwU e¨v‡M G‡Ki AwaK Pviv ivLv
DwPZ bq| 20-25 w`b eq‡mi Pvivq 1-2% BDwiqv †¯cÖ Ki‡j Pvivi e„w× fvj nq|
Rwg wbe©vPb I ˆZwit †cu‡c MvQ Rjve×Zv mn¨ Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| ZvB †cu‡ci Rb¨
wbe©vwPZ Rwg n‡Z n‡e
Rjve×Zvgy³ Ges †mP myweavhy³| Rwg evi evi Pvl I gB w`‡q DËg iƒ‡c ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e|
`ªæZ cvwb wb®‹vk‡bi myweav‡_© †eW c×wZ Aej¤¦b Kiv DËg| cvkvcvwk `ywU †e‡Wi
gv‡S 30 †m.wg. PIov Ges 20-25 †m.wg. Mfxi bvjv _vK‡e| bvjvmn cÖwZwU †eW 2 wgUvi
PIov Ges Rwg Abyhvqx j¤¦v n‡e|
MZ© ˆZwit Pviv †ivc‡Yi 15-20 w`b c~‡e© †e‡Wi gvS eivei 2 wgUvi `~i‡Z¡ 60 X 60 X 45
†mwg AvKv‡ii MZ© ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e| MZ© cÖwZ 15 †KwR cuPv †Mvei, 500 MÖvg
wUGmwc, 250 MÖvg wRcmvg, 20 MÖvg ewiK GwmW Ges 20 MÖvg wRsK mvj‡dU mvi
cÖ‡qvM K‡i gvwUi mv‡_ fvjfv‡e †gkv‡Z n‡e| mvi wgwkÖZ gvwU Øviv MZ© c~iY K‡i
†mP w`‡Z n‡e|
exR ecb I Pviv †ivc‡Yi mgqt Avwk¦b (‡m‡Þ¤¦i-A‡±vei) Ges †cŠl (wW‡m¤¦i-
Rvbyqvwi) gvm †cu‡ci exR ec‡bi DËg mgq| ec‡bi 40-50 w`b ci Pviv †ivc‡Yi Dc‡hvMx
nq|
Pviv †ivcYt Pviv jvMv‡bvi c~‡e© M‡Z©i gvwU DjU-cvjU K‡i wb‡Z nq| cÖwZ M‡Z©
30 †mwg `~i‡Z¡ wÎfzR
AvKv‡i 3wU K‡i Pviv †ivcY Ki‡Z nq| exR Zjvq Drcvw`Z Pvivi Db¥y³ cvZvmg~n †ivc‡Yi
c~‡e© †d‡j w`‡j †ivcYK…Z Pvivi g„Zy¨ nvi Kg‡e Ges Pviv `ªæZ cÖwZwôZ n‡e|
cwje¨v‡M Drcvw`Z Pvivi †¶‡Î cwje¨vMwU Lye mveav‡b AcmviY Ki‡Z n‡e hv‡Z gvwUi
ejwU †f‡½ bv hvq| cošÍ weKvj Pviv †ivc‡Yi m‡e©vËg mgq| †ivc‡Yi mgq j¶¨ ivL‡Z n‡e
Pvivi †Mvov †hb exRZjv ev cwje¨v‡M gvwUi hZUv Mfx‡i wQj Zvi †P‡q Mfx‡i bv hvq|
Mv‡Q mvi cÖ‡qvMt fvj djb †c‡Z n‡j †cu‡c‡Z mgqg‡Zv mvi cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e| Dcwi
wn‡m‡e MvQ cÖwZ 450- 500 MÖvg BDwiqv Ges 450-500 MÖvg GgIwc mvi cÖ‡qvM
Ki‡Z n‡e| Pviv †ivc‡Yi GK gvm ci n‡Z cÖwZgv‡m MvQ cÖwZ 50 MÖvg BDwiqv I 50
MÖvg GgIwc mvi cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e| Mv‡Q dzj Avmvi ci GB gvÎv wØ¸b Ki‡Z n‡e|
gvwU‡Z im bv _vK‡j cvwb †m‡Pi eë¯’v Kiv Avek¨K|
cwiPh©vt †cu‡ci Rwg me mgq AvMvQvgy³ ivL‡Z n‡e| el©v †gŠmy‡g AvMvQv `gb
Ki‡Z wM‡q gvwU hv‡Z †ewk AvjMv n‡q bv hvq †mw`‡K mZK© `„wó ivL‡Z n‡e|
cvwb †mP I wbKvkt ï®‹ †gŠmy‡g cÖ‡qvRb Abyhvqx cvwb †mP w`‡Z n‡e| †m‡P I
e„wói cvwb hv‡Z Rwg‡Z R‡g bv _v‡K †m Rb¨ cvwb wb®‹vk‡bi myeë¯’v Ki‡Z n‡e|
AwZwi³ MvQ AcmviYt Pviv jvMv‡bvi 3-4 gvm ci Mv‡Q dzj Avm‡j cÖwZ M‡Z©
GKwU K‡i my¯’ mej ¯¿x MvQ †i‡L evwK¸‡jv Zy‡j/†K‡U †dj‡Z n‡e| Z‡e myôy civMvqY
I dj avi‡Yi Rb¨ evMv‡bi wewfbœ ¯’v‡b Kgc‡¶ kZKiv 5wU cyiæl MvQ _vKv Acwinvh©|
dj cvZjvKiYt †cu‡ci AwaKvsk Rv‡Zi †¶‡Î GKwU cÎK¶ †_‡K GKvwaK dzj Av‡m Ges dj
a‡i| dj wKQyUv eo nIqvi ci cÖwZ cÎK‡¶ me‡P‡q fvj djwU †i‡L evwK¸‡jv wQu‡o †dj‡Z
60
n‡e| wØZxq ev Zvi cieZ©x eQ‡i †h †cu‡c nq †m¸‡jv Lye VvmvVvwm Ae¯’vq _v‡K| d‡j
wVKg‡Zv evo‡Z cv‡i bv Ges G‡ì AvK…wZ bó n‡q hvq| G‡¶‡Î †QvU dj¸‡jv QuvUvB
Ki‡Z n‡e|
Ab¨vb¨ cwiPh©v:
Pviv X‡j cov (W¨vw¤ús Ad) I KvÐ cPv †ivM `gb
†cu‡ci X‡j cov †iv‡M exRZjvq cÖPzi MvQ gviv hvq| ZvQvov G †iv‡Mi RxevYyi
Avµg‡Y el©v †gŠmy‡g KvÐ cPv †ivMI n‡q _v‡K| wcw_qvg G¨vdvwbWvigvUvg bvgK
QÎv‡Ki Avµg‡Y G †ivM nq| el©v †gŠmy‡g X‡j cov †iv‡Mi cÖ‡Kvc Lye †ewk †`Lv hvq|
e„wói cvwb‡Z A_ev †m‡Pi cvwb‡Z G †iv‡Mi RxevYy Qovq|
cÖwZKvi
 G †ivM cÖwZKv‡ii †Zgb my‡hvM _v‡K bv| ZvB cÖwZ‡iv‡ai eë¯’v Kiv DËg|
 Avwk¦b (‡m‡Þ¤¦i-A‡±vei) gv‡m exRZjv ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡j exR ec‡bi c~‡e©
exRZjvi gvwU fvjfv‡e ïKv‡bvi eë¯’v Ki‡Z n‡e|
 wmwKDi bvgK QÎvKbvkK 2-3 MÖvg cÖwZ †KwR ex‡Ri mv‡_ wgwk‡q †kvab
Ki‡j fvj dj cvIqv hvq|
 Rwg ˆZwii ci 6 †mwg cyiæ K‡i ïK‡bv Kv‡Vi ¸uov ev av‡bi Zyl exRZjvq
wewQ‡q †cvov‡Z n‡e| c‡i gvwU Kzwc‡q exR ecb Ki‡Z n‡e|
 exRZjvq †n±‡i 5 Ub nv‡i AvavcuPv gyiwMi weôv eënvi Ki‡Z n‡e| exR ec‡bi
c~‡e© 15-21 w`b Rwg‡Z weôv cuPv‡bvi ci exR ecb Ki‡j fvj djvdj cvIqv hvq|
 cÖwZ wjUvi cvwbi mv‡_ 2 MÖvg nv‡i wmwKDi wgwk‡q †WªwÂs K‡i G
†iv‡Mi we¯Ívi Kgv‡bv hvq|
 Pviv jvMv‡bvi 3 mßvn c~‡e© †n±icÖwZ 3 Ub Avav cuPv gyiwMi weôv A_ev
300 †KwR ˆLj Rwg‡Z cÖ‡qvM K‡i gvwUi mv‡_ fvjfv‡e wgkv‡Z n‡e| G‡Z KvÐ
cPv †iv‡Mi Dc`ªe Kg n‡e|
wgwj evM
mv¤cÖwZK mg‡q wgwjevM †cu‡ci GKwU gvivZ¥K
†cvKv wn‡m‡e Avwef‚©Z n‡q‡Q| AvµvšÍ cvZv I d‡j mv`v
cvDWv‡ii gZ AveiY †`Lv hvq| AvµvšÍ Mv‡Qi cvZv I d‡j
ïuwU †gvì †iv‡Mi m„wó nq| Avµg‡Yi gvÎv †ewk n‡j MvQ
gviv †h‡Z cv‡i|
cÖwZKvi
 Avµg‡Yi cÖg w`‡K †cvKvmn AvµvšÍ cvZv/KvÐ
msMÖn K‡i aŸsm K‡i †dj‡Z n‡e A_ev cyivZb Uz_-
eªvk w`‡q AuvPwo‡q †cvKv gvwU‡Z †d‡j †g‡i †dj‡Z n‡e|
 AvµgY †ewk n‡j cÖwZ wjUvi cvwb‡Z 5 MÖvg mvevb cvwb A_ev GWgvqvi 200
GgGj 0.25 wgwj nv‡i wgwk‡q 15 w`b ci ci 2-3 evi †¯cÖ Ki‡Z n‡e|
61
Awa‡ekb- 10 t ‡cqviv Pv‡li Kjv‡KŠkj
 ‡cqviv Pv‡li Kjv‡KŠkj m¤ú‡K© e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
mgq t 75 wgwbU|
 mnvqK AskMÖnbKvix‡ì cÖ‡kœvËi I AskMÖnbg~jK Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g †cqviv
 cÖwkÿK AskMÖnbKvix‡ì wb‡q gv‡V hv‡eb Ges nv‡Z Kj‡g ‡cqviv Gi Pviv
jvMv‡bv, †ivcb `yiæZ¡, mvi cÖ‡qvM, Wvj QvUvBKiY, e¨vwMs I †mP eënvwiK
†mk‡bi gva¨‡g wkLv‡eb|
62
 ‡cqvivi `yBwU Rv‡Zi bvg ejyb?
 ‡cqvivi `yBwU †cvKvi bvg ejyb?
 ‡cqvivi `yBwU †iv‡Mi bvg ejyb?
 ‡cqviv ‡ivc‡b mv‡ii gvÎv ejyb?
‡cqviv
‡cqviv wfUvwgb ÔwmÕ mg„× GKwU AZ¨šÍ RbwcÖq dj| evsjv‡`‡ki me©Î Kg †ewk G dj
R‡b¥ _v‡K| Z‡e B‡Zvc~‡e© †cqvivi evwYwR¨K Pvl
wc‡ivRcyi †Rjvi ¯îƒcKvwV, PÆMÖvg †Rjvi
KvÂbbMi, eªvþYevwoqv †Rjvi gyKz›`cyi cÖf„wZ
GjvKvq mxgve× wQj| mv¤cÖwZK mg‡q DbœZ RvZ
†hgb- KvRx †cqvivmn Ôevwi †cqviv-2Õ, Ôevwi
†cqviv-3Õ Ges Ôevwi †cqviv-4Õ D™¢vweZ nIqvi ci
†`‡ki AwaKvsk AÂ‡j evwYwR¨Kfv‡e †cqvivi Pvl
n‡”Q| evsjv‡`‡k eZ©gv‡b †cqvivi †gvU Drcv`b 2 j¶
30 nvRvi †gwUªK Ub| eûwea ¸Yv¸‡Yi mgš^‡qi Rb¨
†cqviv‡K wbi¶xq GjvKvi Av‡cj ejv nq| UvUKv dj wn‡m‡e LvIqv QvovI G †_‡K
cÖwµqvRvZKi‡Yi gva¨‡g R¨vg, †Rjx, Rym cÖf…wZ Lv`¨ ˆZwi nq| eZ©gv‡b Avgv‡ì
†`‡k we‡`wk d‡ji cvkvcvwk †cqvivi eënvi e¨vcK nv‡i e„w× †c‡q‡Q|
KvRx †cqviv
KvRx †cqviv bvgK RvZwU we‡`k n‡Z msM„nxZ
Rvg©cøvRg †_‡K evQvB c×wZi gva¨‡g D™¢veb
K‡i 1985 mv‡j Aby‡gv`b Kiv nq| MvQ AvKv‡i ga¨g|
ex‡Ri MvQ jvMv‡bvi GK eQ‡ii g‡a¨ dj w`‡Z ïiæ K‡i|
G RvZwU eQ‡i `yÕevi dj †`q| cÖgevi ga¨-dvêyb
†_‡K ga¨-‰ekvL (gvP©-GwcÖj) gv‡m dzj Av‡m
Ges ga¨-Avlvp †_‡K ga¨-fv`ª (RyjvB-AvM÷) gv‡m
cv‡K| wØZxqevi ga¨-fv`ª †_‡K ga¨-Avwk¦b
(†m‡Þ¤î) gv‡m dzj Av‡m Ges ga¨-gvN †_‡K ga¨-dvêyb (†deªæqvwi) gv‡m cv‡K| dj
AvKv‡i †ek eo| IRb 400-500 MÖvg| cwic° djnjy`vf meyR Ges wfZ‡ii kvum mv`v| cÖwZ
d‡j 340-360wU exR _v‡K, exR †ek k³| nvRvi ex‡Ri IRb 3.5-4.0 MÖvg| KvRx †cqviv †L‡Z
KPK‡P (weª·gvb 8-13%)| dj 7-10 w`b mvaviY ZvcgvÎvq N‡i msi¶Y Kiv hvq| KvRx †cqvivi
cÖwZ 100 MÖvg Lv‡`¨vc‡hvMx As‡k 210 wgwjMÖvg wfUvwgb ÔwmÕ i‡q‡Q|
†n±icÖwZ djb 28 Ub|
63
evwi †cqviv- 2
Ôevwi †cqviv-2Õ bv‡g D”P djbkxj G RvZwU we‡`k
n‡Z msM„nxZ Rvg©cøvRg †_‡K evQvB cÖwµqvi
gva¨‡g D™¢vweZ nq Ges 1996 mv‡j Aby‡gv`b Kiv
nq| MvQ QvZvK…wZ, cvZvi AMÖfvM myPv‡jv|
RvZwU el©vKv‡j I kxZKv‡j 2 evi dj †`q| Z‡e mwVK
cwiPh©v (we‡kl K‡i dj cvZjv Kiv I mvi cÖ‡qvM) Kiv
n‡j cÖvq mviv eQi dj w`‡Z cv‡i| dj AvKv‡i †ek eo,
IRb 350-400 MÖvg I †MvjvKvi| cwic° dj njy`vf meyR
Ges wfZ‡ii kvum mv`v nq| †n±icÖwZ djb 30 Ub| cÖwZ d‡j 330-350wU exR _v‡K hvi IRb
cÖvq 5 MÖvg| †cqviv †L‡Z KPK‡P, my¯^v`y I wgwó (10% weª·gvb)|
GQvovI Ab¨vb¨ RvZ¸‡jv n‡jvt evwi †cqviv-3, evwi †cqviv-4, _vB †cqviv-3 Ges _vB
†cqviv-4|
‡cqviv Drcv`b cÖhyw³

Rjevqy I gvwUt †cqviv Dò I Av`ª© Rjevqyi dj| cÖvq me iK‡gi gvwU‡ZB †cqvivi Pvl
Kiv hvq, Z‡e ˆRec`v_© mg„× †`vAvuk gvwU †_‡K fvix Gu‡Uj gvwU †hLv‡b cvwb
wb®‹vk‡bi we‡kl myweav Av‡Q †mLv‡b †cqviv fvj R‡b¥| 4.5-8.2 A¤ø ¶vi‡Z¡i gvwU‡Z
†cqviv fv‡jv nq|
esk we¯Ívit exR Øviv esk we¯Ívi Kiv me‡P‡q mnR| A½R c×wZ‡Z esk we¯Ívi Ki‡j †m
Mv‡Qi †cqviv gvZ… Mv‡Qi †cqviv n‡Z cv_©K¨ nq bv| ZvB dj Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ ex‡Ri Pviv
Ges exR Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ (gvZ… MvQ) A½R c×wZ‡Z esk we¯Ívi KivB DËg| A½R c×wZi
g‡a¨ ¸wU KjgB eûj cÖPwjZ|
MZ© ˆZwi I Pviv/Kjg †ivcYt GK eQi eq‡mi Pviv ev Kjg mvaviYZ 4 wgUvi `~‡i `~‡i
jvMv‡bv nq| †g †_‡K †m‡Þ¤¦i gvm †cqvivi Pviv/Kjg jvMv‡bvi Dchy³ mgq| Z‡e cvwb
†m‡Pi myeë¯’v _vK‡j mviv eQiB †cqvivi Pviv/Kjg †ivcY Kiv P‡j| Pviv jvMvevi Rb¨ 60 X
60 X 45 †m.wg. AvKv‡ii MZ© K‡i cÖwZ M‡Z© 10-15 †KwR cuPv †Mvei A_ev
AveR©bv cPv mvi, 250 MÖvg wUGmwc, 250 MÖvg GgIwc mvi cÖ‡qvM K‡i gvwUi
m‡½ fvj K‡i wgwk‡q MZ© fwZ© K‡i 10-15 w`b †i‡L w`‡Z n‡e| Pviv/Kjg †ivc‡Yi c~‡e©
M‡Z©i gvwU cybivq DjUcvjU K‡i Gi wVK gvSLv‡b Lvovfv‡e PvivwU jvwM‡q Pvivi
Pviw`‡Ki gvwU nvZ w`‡q †P‡c fvjfv‡e ewm‡q w`‡Z nq| Pviv †ivc‡Yi ci k³ LywuU cyu‡Z
LyuwUi mv‡_ PvivwU †eu‡a w`‡Z n‡e hv‡Z evZv‡m Pvivi †Kvb ¶wZ bv nq|
cÖ‡qvRb‡ev‡a †eovi eë¯’v Ki‡Z n‡e| Pviv †ivc‡Yi ciciB cvwb †m‡Pi eë¯’v Ki‡Z n‡e|
Mv‡Q mvi cÖ‡qvMt cÖwZeQi †deªæqvwi, †g I †m‡Þ¤î gv‡m wZb wKw¯Í‡Z Mv‡Q
mvi cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e| mvi G‡Kev‡i Mv‡Qi †Mvovq bv w`‡q hZ`~i ch©šÍ Mv‡Qi
Wvjcvjv we¯Ívi jvf K‡i †m GjvKvi gvwUi mv‡_ fvjfv‡e wgwk‡q w`‡Z n‡e| wb‡Pi Q‡K
wewfbœ eq‡mi MvQcÖwZ mv‡ii cwigvY †`Lv‡bv n‡jv|
Mv‡Qi eqm
mv‡ii bvg Mv‡Qi eqm
1-2 eQi 3-5 eQi 6 eQ‡ii AwaK
64
‡Mvei (†KwR) 10-15 20-30 40
BDwiqv (MÖvg) 150-200 250-400 500
wUGmwc 150-200 250-400 500
(MÖvg)
GgIwc (MÖvg) 150-200 250-400 500
mvi cÖ‡qv‡Mi ci I Livi mgq we‡kl K‡i Mv‡Q ¸wU Avmvi mgq cvwb †mP AZ¨vek¨K|
Mv‡Qi †Mvov †_‡K gv‡S gv‡S AvMvQv cwi®‹vi Kiv I †Mvovi gvwU †f‡½ †`qv ìKvi|
†mP eë¯’vcbvt †cqvivi Pviv †ivc‡Yi mgq hw` M‡Z©i gvwU ïK‡bv _v‡K Zvn‡j Pviv
Mv‡Qi †Mvovq gv‡S gv‡S cvwb w`‡Z n‡e| e„w×i cÖv_wgK Ae¯’vq †cqviv Mv‡Q eQ‡i
8-10 evi cvwb †m‡Pi cÖ‡qvRb| djšÍ Mv‡Q ï®‹ †gŠmy‡g A_©vr wW‡m¤î †_‡K GwcÖj
ch©šÍ cÖwZ 10-15 w`b ci ci cvwb †m‡Pi eë¯’v Ki‡j dj Siv n«vm cv‡e Ges mv‡_ mv‡_ eo
AvKv‡ii dj I †ewk djb cvIqv hvq| †Mvovq cvwb R‡g †M‡j I wVKgZ wb®‹vkb bv n‡j
MvQ g‡i †h‡Z cv‡i|
we‡kl eë¯’vcbv
A½ QuvUvBt A½ QuvUvB ej‡Z giv, †ivMvµvšÍ I AcÖ‡qvRbxq Wvjcvjv QuvUvB Kiv
eySvq| †ivcYK…Z Pviv ev Kj‡gi my›ì KvVv‡gv †Ìqvi wbwgË gvwU †_‡K 1.0-1.5
wgUvi Dc‡i wewfbœ w`‡K Qov‡bv 4-5wU Wvj †i‡L †Mvovi w`‡Ki mg¯Í Wvj QuvUvB
Ki‡Z n‡e| eq¯‹ Mv‡Qi dj msMÖ‡ni ci †m‡Þ¤î-A‡±vei gv‡m A½ QuvUvB Kiv nq| A½
QuvUvB Ki‡j Mv‡Q bZzb Wvjcvjv MRvq Ges Zv‡Z cÖPzi dj a‡i|
Wvj by‡q †`qvt †cqvivi Lvov Wv‡j bZyb kvLv I dj Kg nq| GRb¨ Lvov Wvj IRb A_ev
Uvbvi mvnv‡h¨ by‡q w`‡j cªPyi msL¨K bZyb kvLv MRvq| G‡Z djb I d‡ji ¸YMZ gvb e„w×
cvq|
dj cvZjvKiYt Mv‡Q cÖwZ eQi cÖPzi msL¨K dj Av‡m| dj AvKv‡i †ek eo nIqvq Mv‡Qi
c‡¶ me dj aviY Kiv m¤¢e bq| d‡ji fv‡i Mv‡Qi Wvjcvjv †f‡½ hvq Ges dj AvKv‡i †QvU I
wb¤œgv‡bi nq| GgZve¯’vq, MvQ‡K `xN©w`b djevb ivL‡Z I gvbm¤úbœ dj †c‡Z n‡j dj
†QvU _vKv Ae¯’vq (gv‡e©j Ae¯’v) 50-60% dj cvZjv Kiv ìKvi| Kj‡gi MvQ cÖg eQi
†_‡K dj w`‡Z ïiæ K‡i| Mv‡Qi e„w×i Rb¨ 1g eQi dj bv ivLvB fvj, wØZxq eQi Aí msL¨K dj
ivLv †h‡Z cv‡i| Gfv‡e ch©vqµ‡g Mv‡Qi Ae¯’v we‡ePbv K‡i dj ivL‡Z n‡e| cwiKwíZ
Dcv‡q dzj ev dj QvuUvB K‡i cÖvq mviveQi ÔKvRx †cqvivÕ I Ôevwi †cqviv-2Õ Rv‡Zi
Mv‡Q dj cvIqv m¤¢e|
dj †X‡K †Ìqv (Fruit bagging)t †cqviv †QvU Ae¯’vq e¨vwMs Ki‡j †ivM, †cvKv, cvwL,
ev`yi, KvVweovjx BZ¨vwì AvµgY †_‡K i¶v cvq| e¨vwMs Kiv dj A‡c¶vK…Z eo AvKv‡ii
Ges AvKl©Yxq nq| e¨vwMs ev`vgxKvMR ev †QvU wQ`ªhy³ cwjw_b w`‡q Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|
e¨vwMs Ki‡j m~‡h©i AvjUªvfv‡qv‡jU iwk¥ jv‡M bv weavq d‡j †Kvl wefvRb †ewk nq
Ges dj AvKv‡i eo nq| e¨vwMs Kivi c~‡e© Aek¨B cÖwZ wjUvi cvwbi mv‡_ 0.5 wgwj nv‡i
wUë 250 Bwm wgwk‡q mg¯Í dj fvjfv‡e wfwR‡q †¯cÖ Ki‡Z n‡e|
Ab¨vb¨ cwiPhv©
65
†cqvivi G¨vb_ªvK‡bvR †ivM `gb
†cqviv Mv‡Qi cvZv, KvÐ, kvLv-cÖkvLv G †iv‡M AvµvšÍ
n‡q _v‡K| Kwj‡UvwUªKvg Mø‡qvmwcwiwWm bvgK QÎvK
†cqvivi G¨vb_ªvK‡bvR †iv‡Mi KviY| cÖ‡g †cqvivi Mv‡q
†QvU †QvU i‡Oi `vM †`Lv hvq| `vM¸‡jv µgvš^‡q eo n‡q
†cqvivi Mv‡q ¶‡Zi m„wó K‡i| AvµvšÍ dj cwic° n‡j A‡bK
mgq †d‡U hvq| ZvQvov G †iv‡M AvµvšÍ d‡ji kuvm k³ n‡q
hvq| Mv‡Qi cwiZ¨³ kvLv-cÖkvLv, dj Ges cvZvq G †iv‡Mi
RxevYy †eu‡P _v‡K| evZvm I e„wói gva¨‡g †cqvivi
G¨vb_ªvK‡bvR †ivM Qovq|
cÖwZKvi
 Mv‡Qi wb‡P S‡i cov cvZv I dj msMÖn K‡i cywo‡q †dj‡Z n‡e|
 Mv‡Q dj aivi ci Ucwmb-Gg cÖwZ wjUvi cvwb‡Z 2 MÖvg A_ev wUë-250 Bwm
cÖwZ wjUvi cvwb‡Z 0.5 wgwj nv‡i wgwk‡q 15 w`b AšÍi AšÍi 3-4 evi fvjfv‡e †¯cÖ
K‡i G †ivM `gb Kiv hvq|
DBë ev X‡j cov †ivM `gb
wdD‡Rwiqvg bvgK gvwU evwnZ QÎv‡Ki Avµg‡Y G mgm¨v nq|
cÖ‡g cvZv njy` n‡q Av‡m Ges c‡i ïwK‡q hvq| Gfv‡e cvZvi ci
kvLv-cÖkvLv Ges ax‡i ax‡i mg¯Í MvQB 8-10 w`‡bi g‡a¨
†bwZ‡q gviv hvq|
cÖwZKvi
 G †iv‡Mi †Kvb cÖwZKvi †bB| ZvB G‡K cÖwZ‡iv‡ai
eë¯’v Ki‡Z n‡e|
 gv‡V/evMv‡b cvwb wb®‹vk‡bi myeë¯’v Ki‡Z n‡e|
 †ivM cÖwZ‡iva ¶gZv m¤úbœ Avw`‡Rvo †hgb- Gj 49 I cwj-†cqvivi mv‡_ Kjg K‡i
G †iv‡Mi AvµgY cÖwZ‡iva Kiv hvq|
 evMv‡bi gvwU‡Z A¤ø‡Z¡i cwigvY Kgv‡bvi Rb¨ Pzb cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e|
mv`v gvwQ †cvKv `gb
mvaviYZ kxZKv‡j G‡ì Avµg‡Y cvZvq mv`v mv`v Zzjvi gZ
`vM †`Lv hvq| Giv cvZvi im ïu‡l MvQ‡K `ye©j K‡i| im
†kvl‡Yi mgq cvZvq gay m`„k weôv Z¨vM K‡i hvi Dci
ïuwU‡gvì bvgK QÎvK R‡b¥| G‡Z cvZvi Lv`¨ Drcv`b ¶gZv
n«vm cvq|
cÖwZKvi
 AvµvšÍ cvZv I WMv QuvUvB K‡i aŸsm Ki‡Z n‡e|
 cÖwZ wjUvi cvwb‡Z 5 MÖvg mvevb ev 2 wgwj iMi/iw·qb 40 Bwm wgwk‡q 10
w`b AšÍi 2-3 evi †¯cÖ|
66
Awa‡ekb- 11 t †Kvm© mgvcbx ce©
11.1 t m¤ú~Y© †Kv‡m©i mvi-ms‡ÿc ch©v‡jvPbv Ges g~j¨vqb|
11.2 t AskMÖnbKvix‡ì cÖwZwµqv hvPvB I mgvcbx|
†mkb- 11.1 t
†mk‡bi wk‡ivbvg t m¤ú~Y© †Kv‡m©i mvi-ms‡ÿc ch©v‡jvPbv Ges g~j¨vqb|
D‡Ïk¨ t GB ‡mkb †k‡l AskMÖnbKvixMY-
 †Kv‡m©i Av‡jvwPZ welq¸‡jv cybivq g‡b Ki‡Z I ej‡Z cvi‡eb|
 AskMÖnbKvixMY cÖwkÿ‡Yi welqe¯‘ KZUzKz g‡b ivL‡Z †c‡i‡Q Zv hvPvB Kiv
hv‡e|
mgq t 45 wgwbU|
c×wZ t cÖkœ-DËi I †eªBb ÷wg©s
DcKiY t ‡cv÷vi, B‡Rj †evW©, gvK©vi I Wv÷vi|
GB Awa‡ek‡b m¤ú~Y© †Kv‡m©i Dci ch©v‡jvPbv Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨ mnvqK
AskMÖnbKvix‡ì‡K c~‡e©i w`b `yB `‡j fvM K‡i w`‡q cÖ¯‘wZ wb‡q Avm‡Z ej‡eb|
wZwb cÖwkÿYv_©x‡ì AviI ej‡eb †h, GK `j Ab¨ `j‡K ch©vqµ‡g cÖkœ K‡i mwVK DËi
Rvbvi †Póv Ki‡eb Ges cÖwZwU mwVZ DË‡ii Rb¨ H `j 5/10 b¤î cv‡eb (G‡ÿ‡Î cÖwZ `‡ji
cª‡Z¨‡K Ab¨ `‡ji GKRb‡K GKwU cÖkœ Kivi my‡hvM cv‡eb; Z‡e KvD‡K `yBwU cÖkœ
Kiv hv‡e bv)| Awa‡ek‡bi ïiæ‡Z mnvqK cÖwkÿY©x‡ì ï‡f”Qv Rvwb‡q GLbKvi †mk‡bi
welqe¯‘ I D‡Ïk¨ e¨vL¨v Ki‡eb| AZtci wZwb c~e© w`‡b wba©vwiZ `yB `‡ji m`m¨‡ì ga¨
†_‡K ch©v‡jvPbv c‡e© AskMÖn‡bi Rb¨ Zv‡ì cQ›`gZ 5 Rb‡K wbe©vPb Ki‡Z ej‡eb|
Gici ïiæ n‡e cÖ‡kœvËi ce©| mgq wbqš¿b I mwVK DË‡ii Rb¨ †cv÷vi/‡nvqvBU †ev‡W©
b¤î †jLvi Rb¨ mnvqK GKRb‡K `vwqZ¡ w`‡eb| G c‡e© †KD mwVK DËi w`‡Z bv cvi‡j
`‡ji Ab¨ GKRb w`‡Z cvi‡eb| Z‡e cieZ©x‡Z wZwb Avi ‡Kvb cÖ‡kœi DËi w`‡Z cvi‡eb bv|
hw` H `‡ji †KD mwVK DËi w`‡Z bv cv‡ib Z‡e cÖkœKvix mwVK DËiwU e‡j w`‡eb|
cÖ‡qvR‡b mnvqK Zv‡K mn‡hvwMZv Ki‡eb| GBfv‡e Dfq `‡ji cÖ‡kœvËi ce© †k‡l
mnvqK djvdj †NvlYv K‡eb| cwi‡k‡l GB †mm‡b ¯^Ztù~Z© AskMÖn‡bi Rb¨ mnvqK
mKj‡K abëv` Rvwb‡q †mk‡bi mgvwß †NvlYv Ki‡eb|
†mkb- 11.2 t
†mk‡bi wk‡ivbvg t AskMÖnbKvix‡ì cÖwZwµqv hvPvB I mgvcbx|
D‡Ïk¨ t GB †mk‡bi gva¨‡g -
 cÖwkÿY wel‡q AskMÖnbKvixM‡Yi cÖwZwµqv ev wdW-e¨vK Rvbv I cÖwkÿ‡Yi
mgvwß †NvlYv|
mgq t 30 wgwbU|
c×wZ t e¨w³MZ gZvgZ hvPvB I †jKPv‡iU (e³…Zv I Av‡jvPbv)|
67
DcKiY t ‡cv÷vi, gvK©vi I B‡Rj †evW©|
†mk‡bi ïiæ‡Z mnvqK cÖwkÿYv_©x‡ì D‡Ï‡k¨ ej‡eb †h, Avgiv GLb cÖwkÿ‡Yi †kl
ch©v‡q AvwQ| Gevi GB cÖwkÿYwU Avcbv‡ì Kv‡Q †Kgb †j‡M‡Q Ges cÖwkÿYjä Ávb
KZUv Kv‡R jvM‡e †m wel‡q Avcbv‡ì gZvgZ Rvb‡ev- hv Avgv‡ì fwel¨‡Z cÖwkÿY
cwiPvjbvq mnvqK n‡e|
Gici mnvqK cÖwkÿY g~j¨vqb †cv÷viwU B‡Rj †ev‡W© UvswM‡q w`‡eb Ges
AskMÖnbKvix‡ì ej‡eb †h, †cv÷v‡i `vMvswKZ †iLvi GK cÖv‡šÍ Lye fv‡jv/mš‘ó Ges Aci
cÖv‡šÍ LyeB Lvivc/Amš‘ó cÖZxK ev wPý †jLv Av‡Q| Avcbviv GB `yB cÖv‡šÍi †h †Kvb
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