Index

Serial Topics Name

01 Introduction

02 Definition

03 History

04 Lock Stitch machine

05 Procedure

06 Objective

07 Features

08 Types

09 Different Parts

10 Technical Specification

11 Conclusion
Experiment Name: Study on Parts and Function of Lock Stitch Sewing Machine.
Introduction:
The sewing machine is an integral part of home life. It is there for years helping you to
repair torn pants, blouses, uniforms, and even wedding dresses. Learning the different parts
of the sewing machine should help us use it better and know what needs to be done to fix it
when something goes wrong.

Sewing Machine:
A sewing machine is a textile machine used to stitch fabric, paper, card and other material
together with thread. It is an important part of the garment manufacturing industry as well.
A sewing machine is a machine which is mechanically driven needle used to stitch materials
together with thread. It is designed to join pieces of fabric or leather by means of either a
lockstitch or a chain stitch.

 History of Sewing Machine:

The Invention of the Sewing machine was the combined ideas and work of many inventors.
In 1790, Thomas Saint, an Englishman, took out a patent on a machine for “quilting,
stitching, and sewing, and for making shoes, and other articles. Saint’s machine can made
only chain stitch.
In 1832, Walter Hunt developed a machine in his shop in New York City. He incorporated
two new ideas i.e. eye-pointed needle and a locking stitch. Many other people contributed to
the development of the sewing machine. In 1845, Elias Howe, an apprentice watchmaker
from Boston, made a sewing machine that had a curved eye-pointed needle and an under-
thread shuttle. This machine could sew 250 stitches per minute. That was five times as fast
as the fastest hand sewer. In 1846, Isacc M. Singer, an American, produced a machine that
had a straight needle and could sew continuously.
Lockstitch:

 A lock stitch is the most common mechanism stitch made by a sewing machine

 The lock stitch uses two threads, an upper and lower. Lock stitch is so named because the
two thread, upper and lower”, lock” (entwine) together in the hole in the fabric which they pass
through.

Feature of lock stitch:

1. Lock stitch has a widest application in garment sewing

2. Lock stitch is formed by two different thread system
3. In the sewing techniques, a needle thread is interlaced with the bobbin thread
4. Face and back has some appearance
5. The stitch is different to unpick

Types of Lock Stitch Sewing Machine

There are two types of lock stitch sewing machine used in a garments factory.

1. Single needle lockstitch machine
2. Double(two) needle lockstitch machine

Single Needle Lock Stitch Machine

Single needle lock stitch machine is stitch by one needle of a machine by lock stitch.

Double Needle Lock Stitch Machine

Double-needle /twin/two needle is a needle with a single shank and two shafts, proceed stitching
with the double stitching you will get two parallel rows on the face of the fabric and a zig-zag
stitch on the back of the fabric.

Features of lock stitch machine:

Plain sewing machine is used for lock stitch formation. Followings are the features of lock stitch
sewing machine.

 Lock stitch is formed by single needle of a plain sewing machine.

 The speed of a lock stitch sewing machine is up to 6000 rpm.
 During stitch formation; the needle thread is interlaced with the bobbin thread by
means of a hook.
 Lock stitch machine can be distinguished by the winding device provided for bobbin
thread.
 Programmable plain sewing machine is used for sew repetitive operation.
Different Parts of Sewing Machine:
Here is the list of different sewing machines parts. The sewing machine parts are also
shown in the following images.

 Spool pin,

 Bobbin binder spindle,

 Bobbin winder stopper,

 Stitch width dial,

 Pattern selector dial,

 Hand wheel,

 Stitch length dial,

 Reverse stitch lever,

 Power stitch,

 Bobbin winder thread guide,

 Thread tension dial,

 Thread take-up lever,

 Needle clamp screw,

 Presser foot,

 Bobbin cover,

 Bobbin cover release button,

 Feed dog,

 Needle,

 Needle plate.
Images showing different parts of a sewing machine

Image#2: Sewing machine parts

Image#3: Sewing machine parts

 Image#4: Sewing machine parts

 They are different types of sewing machines that are available in the market. The basic
functionality of the machine is one and the same.
1. Spool Pin:

Thread usually comes on a spool. That is the wooden thread holder you buy in the store. The
spool pin holds the spool of thread for you making it easier for you to thread your machine and
keep the thread coming as you want it to.
2. Bobbin Binder Spindle

A bobbin is a little cylinder that may come with or without flanges. It holds the thread that is
wound around it. The spindle is where the bobbin is placed during winding.

3. Bobbin Winder Stopper

The bobbin is only so large. It cannot always hold the amount of thread you want to put on it.
This part stops the bobbin from collecting thread when it has reached full capacity.

4. Stitch Width Dial

On many newer sewing machines, you get a variety of stitch options to use. The purpose of this
part is to control the zig-zag stitch option while you are busy concentrating on your sewing.
5. Pattern Selector Dial

This little dial allows you to select one stitch pattern out of the many that come built into your
sewing machine. You just turn the dial to get the pattern that you want on your clothes and other
fabrics you want to mend or create.
6. Hand Wheel

This is the manual needle control which raises or lowers the needle. It is usually located at the
right-hand side of the machine. It shouldn’t be that hard to turn.

7. Stitch Length Dial

More recent sewing machines may have this part attached to them. Its purpose is to control the
length of your selected stitch. This helps you stay in control of your sewing duties and make sure
you get what you want and need.

8. Reverse Stitch Lever

Once you push this lever, you get to sew in the opposite direction. This function makes your
sewing a little easier and faster to do because you can go forward or in reverse when you need to.
9. Power Switch

You already know what this switch does. The key to using it is to make sure you turned your
sewing machine off before you walk away. Also, it should be located at the right side of your
machine.
10. Bobbin Winder Thread Guide

When you activate this part on your sewing machine, you are guiding the thread towards the
bobbin/ This makes winding your thread up a little easier and should prevent twists, tangles or
caught thread.

11. Thread Tension Dial

Tension is important when you do your sewing. Too loose can cause you problems and too much
tension could snap your thread and make sewing more time consuming as you have to re-thread
the machine. This little part simply controls the tension on the thread so be careful when you use
it.

12. Thread Take-Up Lever

Your top thread passes through this part as you do your sewing. The lever moves up and down
with your needle so do not be alarmed that it is constantly moving.
13. Needle Clamp Screw

Needles do not stay in place by themselves. It would be nice if they did. You need this part to
hold your needle where it is supposed to be. It also makes sure your needle is secure as it moves.

14. Presser Foot

This is the part that holds your fabric so it doe snot slip all over the place while you are working.
Controlling your fabric is important while you do your sewing.

15. Bobbin Cover

Your sewing machine parts do need some protection to keep them in top working order and to
help then last you for years. This is the job of the bobbin cover. It protects the bobbin as it covers
it.

16. Bobbin Cover Release Button

Also, you need access to your bobbin when it its filled with thread or there is a problem. This
release button helps you to remove the bobbin cover so you have complete access to your
bobbin.

17. Feed Dog

It is an interesting name, but it has a very straightforward function., This part feeds your fabric
through the sewing machine while you are sewing. This helps you concentrate on other sewing
needs as you work.
18. Needle

Another self-explanatory label that tells you everything you need to know. The needle is an
integral part of the sewing machine and without it, the other parts cannot do their job.

19. Needle Plate

This part is located right under the needle and an under the presser foot. Its job is to help move
the fabric forward as you sew. It may help help push the fabric back when you use the reverse
mode on your sewing machine.

20. Bobbin:

Bobbin holds the thread inside the machine. Bobbin is a small yarn package. It is used for storing
specific amount of sewing thread on it (Lower thread). Bobbin is a spool underneath the bed that
provides the lower thread.
21. Bobbin case:
To hold the bobbin in the particular place of the machine. To control lower thread tension.
This moves into position to catch the top thread and form the stitch as the needle is lowered into
the bobbin chamber.

Figure: Bobbin case

22. Thread Tensioner:

Figure: Thread tensioner

To maintain the uniform tension of sewing thread (Top thread) during sewing.
To control the tension (i.e. increase & reduce the tension) of the swing thread during sewing.
23. Thread guide:
It holds the thread in position from the spool to the needle.

Figure: Thread guide

24. Stitch density controller:
It is used for increasing and decreasing the stitch density per inch during sewing.

Figure: SPI controller

25. Back stitch lever:
It revers the stitch direction& make back stitches to keep the seam in place.

  
Figure: Back stitch Lever
26. Throat plate:
Throat plate is used for smooth movement of fabric. A plate under the presser foot with an
opening through which the needle moves up and down during stitching. This plate has seam
guides engraved into it.
27. Feed dog:
It is a toothed part that moves the fabric advance to sewing area. Mechanism which feeds the
fabric under the presser foot as you guide it. The feed dog also regulates stitch length according
to how much fabric is passing under the presser foot as the machine stitches.

Figure: feed dog

28. Presser foot:
The pressure foot is the ski-shaped part that passes the fabric down. When lowered this
mechanism presses down on the material to steady its movement as it is fed under the needle.

Figure: presser foot

29. Hand wheel:

A wheel located on the right side of the machine which is driven by the motor; although it can be
turned manually.To raise & lower the needle and to take- up the lower thread from bobbin.
 Figure: hand wheel
30. Needle:
To make a hole on the fabric surface for passing the yarn from one side to another.
For completing sewing action.

Figure: Needle parts

31. Thread take- up lever:
To take up the top thread from the cone.
It’s up and down motion feeds the thread to the needle and tightens the loop formed by the
shuttle.
 Figure: Take up lever
32. Automatic bobbin winder:
To wind the sewing thread automatically into the bobbin.

Figure: Automatic bobbin winder

How a Sewing Machine Work?

General Sewing Procedure:

Follow the basic procedures below to
sew.

Technical Specifications of
Lock Stitch Machine:

1. Basic Machine Practice

(Loop Exercise)
2. Technical Specification
 3. Installation of needle
4. Needle bar Height adjustment
5. Hook Set Timing
6. Feed Dog adjustment and alignment
7. Feed Dog Eccentric cam Adjustment
8. Pressure foot to the Pressure adjustment

Conclusion:
Sewing Machine, machine designed to join pieces of fabric or leather by means of either a
lockstitch or a chain stitch. The lockstitch, which is used in most modern machines, is formed
from two threads and the chain stitch from a single thread. By this experiment we able to know
about the parts of a lock stitch sewing machine and their functions clearly.

The End