Lesson 2

Cells:
The Basic Units of Life
Animal Cell
Plant Cell
Plant Cell

Animal Cell
 Number of
Organelles Functions
membranes
Plasma Membrane
Nucleus
Mitochondria
Chloroplasts
Rough Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Smooth Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Golgi Apparatus
Lysosomes
Vacuoles
Ribosomes
Centrioles
 Number of
Organelles Functions
membranes
Plasma Membrane
 Plasma Membrane
• Double layer of phospholipids & proteins
• Contains cell contents
Channels or transporters
– Move molecules in one direction
Receptors
– Recognize certain
chemicals
 Nucleus

• Double membrane

• Control center of cell

• Contains
– Chromosomes
(Hereditary material)
– Nucleolus
 Mitochondria
 Double membrane
 Provide most of the cell’s ATP via aerobic cellular
respiration
 Contain their
own DNA and RNA
 Chloroplasts
 Double membrane
 Chloroplasts are found only in plant cells
 Photosynthesis
 Endoplasmic Reticulum
• Network of interconnected membranes
• Two types
– Rough endoplasmic reticulum
– Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
 Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
• Ribosomes attached to surface
– Manufacture protiens
• May modify proteins from ribosomes
 Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
• No attached ribosomes
• Helps move substances within cells
• Has enzymes that help build molecules
– Carbohydrates
– Lipids
 Golgi Apparatus
• Functions in modification, concentration, and
packaging of proteins
• Transport vesicles
 Lysosomes
• Digest ingested bacteria,
viruses, and toxins
• Degrade nonfunctional
organelles
 Vacuoles
• In plants, they store Cell Sap
• Includes storage of sugars, proteins,
minerals, lipids, wastes, salts, water,
and enzymes
 Ribosomes
• Granules containing protein and rRNA
• Site of protein synthesis
 Centrioles
• Play a role in cell
division
• Organize mitotic
spindle during mitosis