CHAPTER 10 FURTHER ALGEBRA

EXERCISE 39 Page 77

1. Expand: (x + 2)(x + 3)

(x + 2)(x + 3) = x  3x  2x  6 = x  5x  6
2 2

2. Expand: (x + 4)(2x + 1)

(x + 4)(2x + 1) = 2x  x  8x  4 = 2x  9x  4
2 2

2
3. Expand: (2x + 3)

(2x + 3) = (2x + 3)(2x + 3) = 4x  6x  6x  9 = 4x  12x  9

2 2 2

4. Expand: (2j – 4)(j + 3)

(2j – 4)(j + 3) = 2 j  6 j  4 j  12 = 2j  2j  12
2 2

5. Expand: (2x + 6)(2x + 5)

(2x + 6)(2x + 5) = 4x  10x  12x  30 = 4x  22x  30

2 2

6. Expand: (pq + r)(r + pq)

(pq + r)(r + pq) = pqr  p q  r  pqr = 2pqr  p q  r

2 2 2 2 2 2

7. Expand: (a + b)(a + b)

(a + b)(a + b) = a  ab  ab  b = a  2ab  b
2 2 2 2

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 2
8. Expand: (x + 6)

(x + 6) = (x + 6)(x + 6) = x  6x  6x  36 = x  12x  36
2 2 2

2
9. Expand: (a - c)

(a - c) = (a - c)(a - c) = a  ac  ac  c = a  2ac  c
2 2 2 2 2

2
10. Expand: (5x + 3)

(5x + 3) = (5x + 3)(5x + 3) = 25x  15x  15x  9 = 25x  30x  9

2 2 2

2
11. Expand: (2x – 6)

(2x - 6) = (2x - 6)(2x - 6) = 4x  12x  12x  36 = 4x  24x  36

2 2 2

12. Expand: (2x – 3)(2x + 3)

(2x - 3)(2x + 3) = 4x  6x  6x  9 = 4x  9
2 2

2
13. Expand: (8x + 4)

(8x + 4) = (8x + 4)(8x + 4) = 64x  32x  32x  16 = 64x  64x  16

2 2 2

2
14. Expand: (rs + t)

(rs + t) = (rs + t)(rs + t) = r s  rst  rst  t = r s  2rst  t

2 2 2 2 2 2 2

15. Expand: 3a(b – 2a)

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 2
3a(b – 2a) = 3ab – 6a

16. Expand: 2x(x – y)

2
2x(x – y) = 2x - 2xy

17. Expand: (2a - 5b)(a + b)

2 2 2 2
(2a - 5b)(a + b) = 2a + 2ab – 5ab – 5b = 2a – 3ab – 5b

18. Expand: 3(3p – 2q) – (q – 4p)

3(3p – 2q) – (q – 4p) = 9p – 6q – q + 4p = 13p – 7q

19. Expand: (3x – 4y) + 3(y – z) – (z – 4x)

(3x – 4y) + 3(y – z) – (z – 4x) = 3x – 4y + 3y – 3z – z + 4x = 7x – y – 4z

20. Expand: (2a + 5b)(2a – 5b)

2 2 2 2
(2a + 5b)(2a - 5b) = 4a – 10ab + 10ab – 25b = 4a – 25b

 x  2y 
2

21. Expand:

 x  2y 
2

= (x – 2y)(x – 2y) = x  2xy  2xy  4y = x  4xy  4y

2 2 2 2

 3a  b 
2

22. Expand:

 3a  b 
2

= (3a – b)(3a – b) = 9a  3ab  3ab  b = 9a  6ab  b

2 2 2 2

23. Expand: 2x + [y - (2x + y)]

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2x + [y - (2x + y)] = 2x + y - (2x + y) = 2x + y – 2x – y = 0

24. Expand: 3a + 2[a - (3a - 2)]

3a + 2[a - (3a - 2)] = 3a + 2a – 2(3a – 2) = 3a + 2a – 6a +4 = - a + 4 or 4 - a

4 a 2  3a  2b  a   7ab 
25. Expand:

4 a 2  3a  2b  a   7ab   4[a 2  6ab  3a 2  7ab]

= 4[2a  ab] = 8a  4ab or 4ab  8a
2 2 2

3  x 2  2x  y  3x   3xy  1  x  
26. Expand:

3  x 2  2x  y  3x   3xy  1  x   3  x 2  2xy  6x 2  3xy  3x 2 y 

= 
3  5x 2  xy  3x 2 y 
= 

= 15x  3xy  9x y or 3xy  9x y  15x

2 2 2 2

27. Expand: 2 - 5[a(a - 2b) - (a - b)2]

(a  b) 2 a 2  2ab   a 2  2ab  b 2 
2 – 5[a(a – 2b) - ] = 2 – 5[ ]

= 2 – 5[ a  2ab  a  2ab  b ]
2 2 2

= 2 - 5 a  10ab  5a  10ab  5b
2 2 2

= 2  5b
2

28. Expand: 24p - [2(3(5p - q) - 2(p + 2q)) + 3q]

24p   2  3  5p  q   2  p  2q    3q  24p   2  15p  3q  2p  4q  3q 

=

24p   30p  6q  4p  8q  3q 
=

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 24p   26p  11q 
= = 24p – 26p + 11q

= 11q – 2p

EXERCISE 40 Page 79

1. Factorise and simplify: 2x + 4

2x + 4 = 2(x + 2)

2. Factorise and simplify: 2xy – 8xz

2xy – 8xz = 2x(y – 4z)

3. Factorise and simplify: pb + 2pc

pb + 2pc = p(b + 2c)

4. Factorise and simplify: 2x + 4xy

2x + 4xy = 2x(1 + 2y)

5. Factorise and simplify: 4 d  12 d f

2 5

4 d 2  12 d f 5 = 4d(d  3f 5 )

2
6. Factorise and simplify: 4x + 8x

2
4x + 8x = 4x(1 + 2x)

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7. Factorise and simplify: 2q2 + 8qn

2q 2  8qn = 2q(q + 4n)

8. Factorise and simplify: rs + rp +rt

rs + rp +rt = r(s + p + t)

2 3
9. Factorise and simplify: x + 3x + 5x

2
x + 3x + 5x =
3 
x 1  3x  5x 2 

3
10. Factorise and simplify: abc + b c

2
abc + b c = bc(a + b )
3

11. Factorise and simplify: 3x y  15x y  18x y

2 4 2

3x 2 y 4  15x y 2  18x y = 3xy  xy  5y  6 

3

12. Factorise and simplify: 4 p q  10 p q

3 2 3

4 p3 q 2  10 p q 3 = 2pq  2p  5q 
2 2

13. Factorise and simplify: 21a2b2 - 28ab

7ab  3ab  4 
21a2b2 - 28ab =

14. Factorise and simplify: 2xy2 + 6x2y + 8x3y

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 2 2
2xy + 6x y + 8x y = 3 
2xy y  3x  4x 2 

15. Factorise and simplify: 2x y  4xy  8x y

2 3 3 4

2x 2 y  4xy3  8x 3 y 4 = 2xy(x – 2y 2 + 4x 2 y 3 )

2
16. Factorise and simplify: 28y +7y +14xy

2 7y  4  y  2x 
28y +7y +14xy =

3x 2  6x  3xy
17. Factorise and simplify: xy  2y  y
2

3x 2  6x  3xy 3x  x  2  y  3x

xy  2y  y 2 y  x  2  y
= y

abc  2ab abc


18. Factorise and simplify: 2c  4 2c

abc  2ab abc ab  c  2  ab ab ab

    
2c  4 2c 2  c  2 2 2 2
=0

5rs  15r 3 t  20r r


19. Factorise and simplify: 6r t  8t  2ts 2t
2 2

5rs  15r 3 t  20r r 5r  s  3r 2 t  4  r 5r r 5r  r 4r

       2r
6r t  8t  2ts 2t 2t  3r t  4  2s  2t 2t 2t
2 2 2
2t 2t
= t

20. Factorise and simplify: ay + by + a + b

ay + by + a + b = a(y + 1) + b(y + 1) = (a + b)(y + 1)

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21. Factorise and simplify: px + qx + py + qy

px + qx + py + qy = p(x + y) + q(x + y) = (p + q)(x + y)

22. Factorise and simplify: ax - ay + bx - by

ax - ay + bx - by = a(x – y) + b(x – y) = (x – y)(a + b)

23. Factorise and simplify: 2ax + 3ay - 4bx - 6by

2ax + 3ay – 4bx – 6by = 2x(a – 2b) + 3y(a -2b) = (a – 2b)(2x + 3y)

A3 A 2 A5
2 3
 2
24. Factorise and simplify: p g pg pg

A3 A 2 A5 A2  A 1 A3  A 2  A 1 
2 3
 2
   2      A3 
p g p g p g pg  pg g 1  p g  p g g
2

=

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EXERCISE 41 Page 81

1. Simplify: 3x + 2x  4x - x

2 2
3x + 2x  4x – x = 3x + 8x - x = 2x + 8x

2. Simplify: (2y + y)  4y – 3y

2
(2y + y)  4y – 3y = 3y  4y – 3y = 12y - 3y

3. Simplify: 4b + 3b  (b – 6b)

2
4b + 3b  – 5b = 4b - 15b

4. Simplify: 8a  2a + 6a – 3a

8a
 6a  3a
8a  2a + 6a – 3a = 2a = 4 + 6a – 3a = 4 + 3a

5. Simplify: 6x  (3x + x) – 4x

6x 3
 4x  4x
6x  (3x + x) – 4x = 6x  4x – 4x = 4x = 2

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6. Simplify: 4t  (5t – 3t + 2t)

4t
4t  (5t – 3t + 2t) = 4t  4t = 4t = 1

7. Simplify: 3y + 2y  5y + 2y  8y – 6y

2y
2
3y + 2y  5y + 2y  8y – 6y = 3y + 10y + 8y – 6y
1
10y 2  3y 
= 4

8. Simplify: (x + 2x)3x + 2x  6x – 4x

2x 1
3x  3x   4x 9x 2   4x
(x + 2x)3x + 2x  6x – 4x = 6x = 3

9. Simplify: 5a + 2a  3a + a  (2a – 9a)

5a + 2a  3a + a  (2a – 9a) = 5a + 2a  3a + a  - 7a

a 1
2 2
= 5a + 6a + 7a = 6a + 5a - 7

10. Simplify: (3t + 2t)(5t + t)  (t – 3t)

30t 2
2
(3t + 2t)(5t + t)  (t – 3t) = 5t × 6t  – 2t = 30t  – 2t = 2t = - 15t

11. Simplify: x  5x – x + (2x – 3x)x

x x 1
2 2
x  5x – x + (2x – 3x)x = 5x - x + - x × x = 5x - x - x = 5 - x - x

12. Simplify: 3a + 2a  5a + 4a  2a – 6a
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 4a
2 2
3a + 2a  5a + 4a  2a – 6a = 3a + 10a + 2a – 6a = 10a - 3a + 2

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