1

CHE 211L – ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LABORATORY

SPECIAL TERM, AY 2019–2020

Name: Hannah Mae P. Pastor Group:

Section: 1CHE-B Date: June 24, 2020

ACTIVITY # 1 - STATISTICS AND DATA HANDLING IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY

TREATMENT OF DATA

I. DATA SHEET

Part 1: Recorded Weight of 20 pieces 1-peso coins using an Analytical Balance

Specimen No. Weight, grams Specimen No. Weight, grams
1 6.0006 11 5.9999
2 5.9801 12 5.8988
3 5.1002 13 6.2000
4 5.9999 14 6.1510
5 6.1002 15 5.8889
6 5.9889 16 5.9786
7 6.0028 17 6.1234
8 5.6999 18 5.5989
9 5.8888 19 6.0000
10 6.0101 20 5.9997

Part 2: Statistical Analyses of data from Part 1

Parameters Values
Mean 5.930535
Median 5.9998
Range 1.0998
AD of 8th data 0.0496
SD 0.2393
RSD 4.035%

Part 3: The first 10 readings arranged in increasing order

Specimen Weight, grams
No.
1 5.1002
2 5.6999
3 5.8888
4 5.9801
5 5.9889
6 5.9999
7 6.0006
 2
CHE 211L – ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LABORATORY
SPECIAL TERM, AY 2019–2020

8 6.0028
9 6.0101
10 6.1002

Part 4: Dixon’s Q-test on the first ten coins

Qcalculated Qcrit (CL: 95%)

0.5997 0.466

Qcalculated > Qcrit

0.5997 > 0.466
Therefore, the outlier 5.1002, is rejected.

II. CALCULATIONS

Table 1: Data gathered which were arranged in ascending order

Weight, grams Xi – Mean (AD) (Xi – Mean)2
5. 1002 - 0.8303 0.6894
5.5989 - 0.3316 0.1096
5.6999 - 0.2306 0.0532
5.8888 - 0.0417 1.7389 x10-3
5.8889 - 0.0416 1.7306 x10-3
5.8988 - 0.0317 1.0049 x10-3
5.9786 0.0481 2.3136 x10-3
5.9801 0.0496 2.4602 x10-3
5.9889 0.0584 3.4106 x10-3
5.9997 0.0692 4.7886 x10-3
5.9999 0.0694 4.8164 x10-3
5.9999 0.0694 4.8164 x10-3
6.0000 0.0695 4.8303 x10-3
6.0006 0.0701 4.9140 x10-3
6.0028 0.0723 5.2273 x10-3
6.0101 0.0796 6.3362 x10-3
6.1002 0.1697 0.0288
6.1234 0.1929 0.0372
6.1510 0.2205 0.0486
6.2000 0.2695 0.0726
 3
CHE 211L – ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LABORATORY
SPECIAL TERM, AY 2019–2020

Mean:
∑ 𝑿𝒊 = 118. 6107
∑ 𝑿𝒊
=
N
118.6107
=
20
= 5.930535

Median:
5.9997+5.9999
=
2
= 5.9998
Range:
= Highest number – lowest number
= 6.2000 – 5.1002
= 1.0998

Standard Deviation:
𝑛

∑(𝑋𝑖 − 𝜇)2 = 1.0878

𝐼=1

𝑛
∑𝐼=1(𝑋𝑖−𝜇)2
s=√
𝑵−𝟏
1.0878
=√
𝟐𝟎−𝟏
= 0.2393
Relative Standard Deviation:
s
RSD = x 100
μ
0.2393
= x 100
5.930535
= 4.035 %

Qcalculated:
Range = 6.1002 - 5. 1002 = 1
| 𝐨𝐮𝐭𝐥𝐢𝐞𝐫−𝐧𝐞𝐚𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐭 𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐮𝐞 |
=
range
|𝟓.𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟐−𝟓.𝟔𝟗𝟗𝟗 |
=
1
= 0.5997
 4
CHE 211L – ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LABORATORY
SPECIAL TERM, AY 2019–2020

III. ANSWERS TO GUIDE QUESTIONS

1. What does the standard deviation mean? Explain using the SD calculated from your
measurement.

- Based from the calculated standard deviation, it indicates that the data gathered tend to have
a high precision since it has a low standard deviation. This also means that the values tend to
be close and clustered around the mean which means that the values do not vary much and
thus contains a lower indeterminate errors.

2. Based on the obtained data, which types of errors are involved during data collection?
Explain your answer.

- Environmental errors can arise while collecting the data. These includes the air
currents/drafts as well as the temperature for it can affect the accuracy and precision of the
data collected as the samples might be exposed to different atmospheric elements. User error
can also be involved due to the faulty measurements by improperly calibrating the machine
which might influence the accuracy of the machine while weighing the samples.