Professional Documents
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Extraction of Non Ferrous Metals
Extraction of Non Ferrous Metals
General principles of extraction of metals from oxides and sulphides; Mineral
resources of Non ferrous metals in India; Their production, consumption and
demand. Future of Non ferrous metal industries in India.
Aluminum: Bayer’s process and factors affecting its operation, Hall‐ Heroult
process: Principle and practices, anode effect, refining of aluminum. Alternate
methods of production of alumina and aluminum.
Copper: Roasting of sulphides, Matte smelting, Converting; Refining, Byproducts
recovery; Recent developments, Continuous copper production processes,
Hydrometallurgy of Copper.
Zinc: Pyrometallurgy of Zinc; Principle and practices of roasting; sintering and
smelting; Hydrometallurgy of Zinc.
Lead: Agglomeration of galena concentrates and roasting, blast furnace smelting,
refining of lead bullion.
Uranium: Process for the digestion of uranium ores; Purification of crude salts;
Production of reactor grade UO2.
Titanium: Methods of upgrading Ilmenite; Chlorination of Titania, Kroll and
Hunter processes; Consolidation and refining.
Other Metals: Simplified flow sheets and relevant chemical principles of
extraction of Ni, Mg, Au, Ag, Sn, Zr.
Reference Books:
1. Ray H.S., Sridhar R. & Abraham K.P., Extraction of Non Ferrous Metals,
Affiliated East West.
2. Biswas A.K. & Davenport W.G., Extractive Metallurgy of Copper, Pergamon.
3. Zelikman A.N., Krein O.E. & Samsonov G.V., Metallurgy of Rare Metals,
Israel Program for Scientific Translation.
4. Burkhin A.R. (ed), Production of Al & Al2O3, Wiley.