strength in materials

Technical
Product Guide

www.agy.com
Table of Contents Corporate Overview

AGY provides the best quality, highest

performance, and broadest range of glass
fiber yarns, rovings and chop products to
Corporate Overview .............................1
a wide variety of markets and end uses.
Although founded as an independent entity
Glass Fiber Manufacturing ...................2
in 1998, AGY has a 50+ year history of
serving the composites industry.
Nomenclature ......................................3
Globally, AGY has over 600 employees
Conversion Tables ...............................6
involved in production, sales, distribution
and development of our products. Our
AGY Glass Yarns .................................8
world headquarters, technology center and
manufacturing facility are located in Aiken,
AGY Glass Rovings ...........................14
SC U.S.A.
AGY Chopped Glass ..........................16
We also have commercial and
administrative offices in Lyon, France, and
AGY Packaging Specificaions ............18
a commercial office in Shanghai, China.
AGY Sizing Systems ..........................20

Typical Fiber Properties .....................26

Glossary of Terms ..............................28

strength in materials

1
Glass Fiber Manufacturing
AGY glass fibers are made from molten glass. The viscous liquid is
drawn through tiny holes at the base of the furnace to form hair-like
filaments. A protective sizing, applied as the filament cools and
hardens, helps prevent abrasion during additional processing and
makes the glass compatible with various resin systems.
For yarn products, after sizing is applied, filaments are gathered
into strands and wound into intermediate (forming) packages for
processing. These strands become the basic components for a
variety of textile and roving products.
Textile yarns are produced by twisting and sometimes plying several
strands of fiber. Once twisted, the yarns can be further processed
by beaming or rewinding onto different packages.
Textile yarns can also be texturized for decorative and industrial
applications and coated with a variety of resinous or elastomeric
materials. For some processes, the gathered strands are not
wound onto packages but are further processed into chopped
strands for a variety of applications.
Raw Material Storage
Twisting
Bushing
Furnace
Texturizing
Binder Application
Chop
Forming Package
Assembled
roving
Single End
Roving
2 *Le Système International d’ Unités (SI)
Glass Fiber Nomenclature
General
Glass fiber yarns are typically identified by either an inch-pound based system
(U.S. customary system) or a TEX/metric system (based on the SI*/metric system).
This section gives a brief description of glass fiber yarn nomenclature, including
comparisons of the two systems (see table on page 4). A more comprehensive
description can be found in ASTM D578 – standard specification for glass fiber strands.
AGY’s products use standardized nomenclature designations that include both
alphabetical and numerical elements. They identify glass composition, filament type,
strand count and yarn construction. These designations match either an inch-pound
version or a TEX/metric version. Both systems are industry-recognized identifications.
Roving Nomenclature
Glass fiber roving nomenclature is defined by ASTM D578. The nomenclature uses
alpha-numeric designations signifying binder, sizing, yield in yards and method of
manufacture/construction of a roving. The following is an explanation of the standard
alpha-numerical form: XXXX-YY-ZZZZ.
• “XXXX” is a number/character combination signifying a binder (sizing).
Typically it is a three-digit number with or without a letter designation afterwards.
• “YY” is a two-character alpha (letter) designation used internally by AGY to
identify the method of manufacture or construction of a roving, for example it
may be an assemblage of multiple ends of a G75 yarn to produce a given yield.
The letters would change as the method of production changed. Note that each
company producing glass fiber rovings use their own letter designations so they
would not be comparable for similar products from different manufacturers.
Because of this, roving nomenclature is often shortened to indicate only the sizing
and the yield as in 449-750, dropping the two-letter middle designator.
• “ZZZZ” at the end of the form is the yield in yards/lb for U.S. customary system
(or TEX for the SI/metric system), typically rounded to the nearest conventional
yield (e.g., AGY’s 449-AA-750 yield rovings are actually 735 yds./lb. nominal).
Designations such as 250, 750 and 1250 have been in existence for years, and
it has become convention to use them instead of actual nominals. Please refer to
Various Yarn
bobbins
Beams the appropriate product technical specification for actual yields of a given product.
Chop Nomenclature
Air Jet
Glass fiber chop nomenclature is defined by ASTM D578. The chop nomenclature is
modelled after the yarn nomenclature, and has the basic form:
SG37 544 5/32 INCH 2204 LB BULK BAG
Where
S = Glass type, and can be E, S, L etc
G = Filament filameter (See Table 1)
Oven
37 = chop bundle size, in this case it was chopped from a 3700 yd / lb input
544 = Binder system
5/32 inch = chop length
2204 lb bulk bag = packaging
3
Yarn Nomenclaure
Typical Yarn Nomenclature Identified Typical Yarn Nomenclature Identified Twist
in U.S. Customary System In TEX/Metric System The fifth segment in the nomenclature is the number of basic strands* twisted
(based on inch-pound) (based on SI/metric) together intp a single yarn. Following this number is the number of turns per unit
length and either the letter “S” or “Z” which indicates the direction of the twist. The
Glass Composition: Glass Composition:
S or Z direction of the yarn is determined by the slope of the yarn when it is held in
E E=Electrical
L=Low Dieletric
S=High Strength
E E=Electrical
L=Low Dieletric
S=High Strength
a vertical position.

A twist is mechanically applied to yarns because, in addition to helping keep all of

Type of Filament: Type of Filament:
the filaments together, it provides the yarn higher abrasion resistance, improved
C C=Continuous
S=Staple
T=Texturized
C C=Continuous
S=Staple
T=Texturized
processing and better tensile strength.

Filament Diameter: Filament Diameter:

G (see Table 1)
9 (see Table 1)

Yield Designation: Yield Designation:

75 (see Table 2)
68 (see Table 2)
Z twist: ascending left to
right configuration as in
center of letter Z
Number of single strands Number of single strands

1/2 twisted into continuous filament

ends/Number of twisted 1x2 twisted into continuous filament
ends x Number of twisted
strands plied together strands plied together U.S. Customary Yield
Number of turns per inch in Direction of twist The approximate length of the fabricated yarn required to make one pound mass

2.8
The twist of the final yarn
S S = S direction
Z = Z direction
(see next page)
can be computed when the yield designation number is multiplied by 100 and
divided by the total number of strands. The result of this computation must always
be considered approximate. The yards per pound are reduced slightly in the
Direction of twist Number of turns per meter in twisting and plying operations, and by the addition of sizes or binders.
S S = S direction
Z = Z direction
(see next page)
112 the twist of the final yarn

The example above then identifies the The example above then identifies the
Following yarn: ECG75 1/2 2.8S Following yarn: EC9 68 1x2 S112

E= electrical glass E= electrical glass

C= continuous filament
G= average filament diameter
(see table 1)
75 = 7,500 yards/lb. nominal bare
glass in basic strand
1/2 = one ply of 2-strand construction
(total 2 basic strands)
2.8 = the number of turns per inch (TPI)
in the twist of the final yarn
S= the direction of the twist
4 5
C= continuous filament
9= 9 micrometers
68 = 68 grams per 1,000 meters of yarn
1x2 = one ply of 2-strand construction
(total 2 basic strands)
S= the direction of the twist
112 = the number of turns per meter
(TPM) in the twist of the final yarn
*A “basic” strand is one produced from a single bushing.
Yarn Nomenclaure (continued)

Table 1 - Designations for Glass Strand Filament Diameters Table 3 - Yarn Reference and Conversion Formulas
Filament Designations Range for Filament Diameter Average Conversion - Measurements
US Units SI Units
Microns Inches To Convert To convert
(letter) (microns) US SI
US Units to SI SI Units to US
BC 4 3.60 to 4.40 0.00014 to 0.000173 Units Units
Multipy by: Multiply by:
C 4.5 4.06 to 4.82 0.00014 to 0.000189
Length mile km 1.6093 0.6214
D 5 4.83 to 5.83 0.00014 to 0.000229
DE 6 5.84 to 6.85 0.00014 to 0.000269 inch mm 25.4000 0.0394
E 7 6.35 to 7.61 0.00014 to 0.000299 inch cm 2.5400 0.3937
F 8 7.62 to 8.88 0.00014 to 0.000345 foot mm 0.3048 3.2808
G 9 8.89 to 10.15 0.00014 to 0.000399
yard mm 0.9144 1.0936
H 11 10.16 to 11.42 0.00014 to 0.000449
J 12 11.43 to 12.69 0.00014 to 0.000499 Area yard 2
m 2
0.8361 1.1960
K 13 12.70 to 13.96 0.00014 to 0.000549 inch 2
cm 2
6.4516 0.1550
L 14 13.97 to 15.23 0.00014 to 0.000599 feet2 m2 0.0929 10.7639
M 16 15.24 to 16.50 0.00014 to 0.000649 Textile oz/yd g/m 31.0039 0.0323
N 17 16.51 to 17.77 0.00014 to 0.000699
oz/yd2 g/m2 33.9063 0.0295
P 18 17.78 to 19.04 0.00014 to 0.000749
Q 20 10.95 to 20.31 0.00014 to 0.000799 turns/in [tpi] turns/m [tpm] 40.000 0 0.0250
R 21 20.32 to 21.58 0.00014 to 0.000849 yd/lb m/kg 2.01659 0.4961
S 22 21.59 to 22.85 0.00014 to 0.000899
T 23 22.86 to 24.12 0.00014 to 0.000949
U 24 24.13 to 25.40 0.00014 to 0.000999
Table 4 - Strand Twist Cross Reference
The low values stated for each micron range are exact equivalents to inches, rounded to the nearest houndredth micron. The high Turns per Inch (tpi) vs Turns per Meter (tpm)
values stated for each micron range are slightly higher than exact equivalents to inches to provide continuation between ranges.
TPI TPM TPI TPM
Table 2 - Description of Continuous Filament Glass Fibers 0.2 8 3.0 120
Filament Designations Nominal Yarn Number (strand count)
0.5 20 3.5 140
SI Units Approximate
US Units SI Units 100 Bare Glass
TEX Number of 0.7 28 3.8 152
(letter) (microns) yds/lb (yds/lb)
(g/1000m) Filaments
1.0 40 4.0 160
BC 4 3,750 375,000 1.32 40
BC 4 3,400 340,000 1.46 5- 1.3 52 5.0 200
BC 4 3,000 300,000 1.70 51
BC 4 2,250 225,000 2.2 66 2.0 80 7.0 280
BC 4 1,500 150,000 3.3 102 2.8 112 8.0 320
D 5 1,800 180,000 2.8 51
BC 4 1,700 170,000 2.9 100
C 4.5 1,360 136,000 3.6 100 Table 5 - Yardange Conversions Factors
C 4.5 1,200 120,000 4.1 102
D 5 1,020 102,000 4.9 100 Conversion - Yardage
D 5 900 90,000 5.5 102
US Units to Metric Units Metric Units to US Units
D 5 510 51,000 9.7 200
D 5 450 45,000 11 204 Denier = 4,464,492 yds/lbs = 4,464,492
DE 6 340 34,000 15 200
(yds/lbs) Denier
E 7 255 22,500 22 200
E 7 225 22,500 22 204 TEX = 496,055 yds/lb = 496,055
BC 4 150 15,000 33 1064 (yds/lb) Tex
DE 6 150 15,000 33 408
G 9 150 15,000 33 204 TEX = 590.5 Cotton Count = 590.5
DE 6 100 10,000 50 612 Cotton count Tex
DE 6 75 7,500 66 816
G 9 75 7,500 66 408 Denier = 5,315 Cotton count = 5,315
H 11 55 5,500 90 408 Cotton Count Denier
G 9 50 5,000 99 609 Denier = TEX x 9.0
G 9 37 3,700 134 816
K 13 37 3,700 134 408
H 11 25 2,500 198 816
G 9 19 1,900 257 1632
K 13 18 1,800 275 816
H 11 18 1,800 275 1224
6 7
AGY Glass Yarns
E-Glass Singles Yarns
Filament Average Tensile Approx. Full Bobbins Pallet Dimensions
Nominal Yield Bobbin Pallet
Diameter Sliver Const Twist Denier Strength Sizing Bobbin Weights per Length Width Height Length Width Height
(yds/lb) (TEX) Type Type
US Micron (lbs) (N) (lbs) (kg) Pallet [in] [in] [in] [cm] [cm] [cm]
BC 4 3,750 1/0 0.5Z 375,000 1.32 12 0.25 1.1 622 7636 0.5 0.2 T-306 216 45.5 45.5 45 116 116 114
BC 4 3,000 1/0 0.7Z 300,000 1.65 15 0.34 1.5 622 7636 1.5 0.7 T-306 216 45.5 45.5 45 116 116 114
BC 4 2,250 1/0 0.7Z 225,000 2.2 20 0.42 1.9 622 7636 1.4 0.6 T-306 216 45.5 45.5 45 116 116 114
D 5 1,800 1/0 1.0Z 180,000 2.8 25 0.50 2.2 620-1 7636 2.0 0.9 T-306 216 45.5 45.5 45 116 116 114
BC 4 1,500 1/0 0.5Z 150,000 3.3 30 0.65 2.9 622 7636 2.0 0.9 T-306 216 45.5 45.5 45 116 116 114
C 4.5 1,200 1/0 0.5Z 120,000 4.1 37 0.76 3.4 622 7636 2.3 1.0 T-306 216 45.5 45.5 45 116 116 114
D 5 900 1/0 1.0Z 90,000 5.5 50 0.90 4.0 620-1 7636 3.1 1.4 T-306 216 45.5 45.5 45 116 116 114
D 5 900 1/0 1.0Z 90,000 5.5 50 0.90 4.0 622 7636 3.1 1.4 T-306 216 45.5 45.5 45 116 116 114
7636 1.8 T-306 216 45.5 45.5 45 116 116 114
D 5 450 1/0 1.0Z 45,000 11 99 1.9 8.5 620-1 4.0
8542 0.0 T-306 120 45.5 45.5 43 116 116 109
7636 1.8 T-306 216 45.5 45.5 45 116 116 114
D 5 450 1/0 1.0Z 45,000 11 99 1.9 8.5 622 4.0
8542 0.0 T-306 120 45.5 45.5 43 116 116 109
D 5 450 1/0 1.0Z 45,000 11 99 2.1 9.3 723 7636 4.0 1.8 T-306 216 45.5 45.5 45 116 116 114
E 7 225 1/0 1.0Z 22,500 22 198 3.3 14.7 620-1 8542 0.9 0.4 RPPU 168 52 45.5 46 132 116 117
E 7 225 1/0 0.5Z 22,500 22 198 3.5 15.6 622 8542 7.9 3.6 RPPU 168 52 45.5 46 132 116 117
E 7 225 2/0 4.0Z 11,250 44 397 5.8 26 620-1 9228 7.6 3.4 T-306 168 45.5 45.5 38 116 116 97
BC 4 150 1/0 1.0Z 15,000 33 298 5.2 23 636 7636 3.8 1.7 T-306 216 45.5 45.5 45 116 116 114
BC 4 150 1/0 3.0Z 15,000 33 298 5.2 23 636 9228 3.8 1.7 T-306 144 45.5 45.5 38 116 116 97
BC 4 150 2/0 3.0Z 7,450 67 599 10.0 44 636 9228 8.0 3.6 T-306 144 45.5 45.5 38 116 116 97
BC 4 150 4/0 3.0Z 3,700 134 1,207 20 90 636 9228 8.0 3.6 T-306 144 45.5 45.5 38 116 116 97
DE 6 150 1/0 0.7Z 15,000 33 298 5.1 23 620 8542 6.8 3.1 RPPU 168 52 45.5 46 132 116 117
G 9 150 1/0 0.7Z 15,000 33 298 4.5 20 620 8542 9.1 4.1 RPPU 168 52 45.5 46 132 116 117
G 9 150 1/0 0.7Z 15,000 33 298 4.5 20 636 8542 9.1 4.1 RPPU 168 52 45.5 46 132 116 117
G 9 150 3/0 3.0Z 5,000 99 893 11.5 51 636 9225 4.9 2.2 T-306 216 45.5 45.5 38 116 116 97
DE 6 100 1/0 0.7Z 10,000 50 446 6.8 30 636 8542 8.1 3.7 RPPU 168 52 45.5 46 132 116 117
8542 8.0 3.6 RPPU 168 52 45.5 46 132 116 117
DE 6 75 1/0 0.7Z 7,500 66 595 9.6 43 620
8571 16.4 7.4 RPPU 60 52 45.5 42 132 116 107
G 9 75 1/0 0.7Z 7,300 68 612 9.2 41 620 8571 19.4 8.8 RPPU 60 52 45.5 42 132 116 107
G 9 75 1/0 1.0S 7,300 68 612 11.0 49 517 8542 7.9 3.6 RPPU 168 52 45.5 46 132 116 117
G 9 75 1/0 0.7Z 7,300 68 612 12.0 53 603 8542 7.9 3.6 RPPU 168 52 45.5 46 132 116 117
H 11 55 1/0 0.7Z 5,500 90 812 10.4 46 641 8542 8.7 3.9 RPPU 168 52 45.5 46 132 116 117
G 9 50 1/0 0.7Z 5,000 99 893 12.9 57 620 8571 18 8.2 RPPU 60 52 45.5 42 132 116 107
G 9 37 1/0 3.0Z 3,700 134 1,207 16.5 73 620 9225 5.0 2.3 T-306 216 45.5 45.5 38 116 116 97
G 9 37 1/0 0.7Z 3,700 134 1,207 17.4 77 620-1 8571 19.0 8.6 RPPU 60 52 45.5 42 132 116 107
G 9 37 1/0 0.7Z 3,700 134 1,207 24 105 603 8542 8.0 3.6 RPPU 168 52 45.5 46 132 116 117
H 11 25 1/0 0.7Z 2,500 198 1,786 24 108 620 8542 8.1 3.7 RPPU 168 52 45.5 46 132 116 117
H 11 18 1/0 0.7Z 1,800 276 2,480 33 147 620 8571 19.2 8.7 RPPU 60 52 45.5 42 132 116 107
K 13 18 1/0 0.5Z 1,800 276 2,480 44 195 517 8542 8.3 3.8 RPPU 168 52 45.5 46 132 116 117
NOTE: All values given are for reference only and are subject to change, for additional information, please contact
your AGY Technical Representative
T-306
RPPU - Returnable Plastic Pallets
7636: 8542: 9228:
8542: 8571: 18 Bobbins per layer 10 Bobbins per layer 12 Bobbins per layer
28 Bobbins per tray 15 Bobbins per tray 3 Layers per box 3 Layers per bo 3 Layers per box
3 Trays high 2 Trays high 54 Bobbins per box 30 Bobbins per box 36 Bobbins per box
2 Bundles per pallet 2 Bundles per pallet 4 Boxes per pallet 4 Boxes per pallet 4 Boxes per pallet
168 Bobbins per pallet 60 Bobbins per pallet 216 Bobbins per Pallet 120 Bobbins per Pallet 144 Bobbins per Pallet

8 9
AGY Glass Yarns (continued)

Lot Glass® Yarns

Average Tensile Approx. Full Bobbin Pallet Dimensions
Filament Diameter Nominal Yield Bobbins per
Sliver Const Twist Denier Strength Sizing Bobbin Weights Pallet Type Length Width Height Length Width Height
US Micron (yds/lb) (TEX) Pallet
(lbs) (N) (lbs) kg) [in] [in] [in] [cm] [cm] [cm]
G 9 150 4/0 4.0Z 3,620 137 1,233 17.5 78 620-1 9228 7.6 3.4 T-306 144 45.5 45.5 38 116 116 97
G 9 150 1/0 4.0Z 14,905 33 300 TBD TBD 620-1 9228 4.0 1.8 T-306 144 45.5 45.5 38 116 116 97

L-Glass® Yarns
Average Tensile Approx. Full Bobbin Pallet Dimensions
Filament Diameter Nominal Yield Bobbins per
Sliver Const Twist Denier Strength Sizing Bobbin Weights Packaging Length Width Height Length Width Height
US Micron (yds/lb) (TEX) Pallet
(lbs) (N) (lbs) kg) [in] [in] [in] [cm] [cm] [cm]
BC 4 3,400 1/0 1.0Z 340,000 1.46 13 0.25 1.1 620-1 7636 0.35 0.2 T-306 216 45.5 45.5 45 116 116 114
BC 4 1,700 1/0 1.0Z 170,000 2.9 26 0.65 2.9 620-1 7636 0.5 0.2 T-306 216 45.5 45.5 45 116 116 114
C 4.5 1,360 1/0 1.0Z 136,000 3.6 33 0.65 2.9 620-1 7636 0.8 0.4 T-306 216 45.5 45.5 45 116 116 114
D 5 1,020 1/0 1.0Z 102,000 4.9 44 0.8 3.6 620-1 7636 1.5 0.7 T-306 216 45.5 45.5 45 116 116 114
D 5 510 1/0 1.0Z 51,000 10 88 1.7 7.6 620-1 7636 1.5 0.7 T-306 216 45.5 45.5 45 116 116 114
DE 6 340 1/0 1.0Z 34,000 15 131 2.4 10.7 620-1 7636 3.0 1.4 T-306 216 45.5 45.5 45 116 116 114
E 7 255 1/0 1.0Z 25,500 19 175 3.0 13.5 620-1 7636 3.0 1.4 T-306 216 45.5 45.5 45 116 116 114

S-2 Glass® Yarns

Average Tensile Approx. Full Bobbin Pallet Dimensions
Filament Diameter Nominal Yield Bobbins per
Sliver Const Twist Denier Strength Sizing Bobbin Weights Packaging Length Width Height Length Width Height
US Micron (yds/lb) (TEX) Pallet
(lbs) (N) (lbs) kg) [in] [in] [in] [cm] [cm] [cm]
D 5 450 1/0 1.0Z 45,000 11 99 2.3 10.2 636 7636 1.8 0.8 T-306 216 45.5 45.5 45 116 116 114
G 9 150 1/0 1.0Z 15,000 33 298 5.7 25 636 7636 5.0 2.3 T-306 216 45.5 45.5 45 116 116 114
G 9 150 1/0 1.0Z 15,000 33 298 7.4 33 493 7636 4.6 2.1 T-306 216 45.5 45.5 45 116 116 114
G 9 75 1/0 1.0Z 7,500 66 595 10.8 48 636 7636 5.0 2.3 T-306 216 45.5 45.5 45 116 116 114
G 9 75 1/0 0.7Z 7,500 66 595 14.7 65 933 7636 4.7 2.1 T-306 216 45.5 45.5 45 116 116 114
G 9 75 1/0 1.0Z 7,500 66 595 16.2 72 493 7636 5.0 2.3 T-306 216 45.5 45.5 45 116 116 114

S-3 HDI Glass® Yarns

Approx. Full Bobbin Pallet Dimensions
Filament Diameter Nominal Yield Nominal Tensile Bobbins per
Sliver Const Twist Denier Sizing Bobbin Weights Packaging Length Width Height Length Width Height
US Micron (yds/lb) (TEX) (lbs) (N) Pallet
(lbs) kg) [in] [in] [in] [cm] [cm] [cm]
BC 4 3,750 1/0 0.7Z 375,000 1.32 12 TBD TBD 620-1 7636 0.35 0.16 T-306 216 45.5 45.5 45 116 116 114
BC 4 3,000 1/0 0.7Z 300,000 1.65 15 TBD TBD 620-1 7636 0.35 0.16 T-306 216 45.5 45.5 45 116 116 114
BC 4 1,500 1/0 1.0Z 150,000 3.3 30 0.79 3.5 620-1 7636 1.0 0.45 T-306 216 45.5 45.5 45 116 116 114
C 4.5 1,200 1/0 1.0Z 120,000 4.1 37 TBD TBD 620-1 7636 1.0 0.45 T-306 216 45.5 45.5 45 116 116 114
D 5 450 1/0 1.0Z 45,000 11 99 TBD TBD 620-1 7636 2.0 0.91 T-306 216 45.5 45.5 45 116 116 114
E 7 225 1/0 1.0Z 22,500 22 198 3.8 17.0 620-1 7636 2.0 0.91 T-306 216 45.5 45.5 45 116 116 114

BC Sewing Thread
Approx. Full Bobbin Pallet Dimensions
Filament Diameter Nominal Yield Nominal Tensile Bobbins per
Sliver Const Twist Denier Sizing Bobbin Weights Packaging Length Width Height Length Width Height
US Micron (yds/lb) (TEX) (lbs) (N) Pallet
(lbs) kg) [in] [in] [in] [cm] [cm] [cm]
BC 4 BC - 4 2/2 9.6Z 3,550 140 1,258 27 123 636 8512 3.8 1.7 T-306 300 45.5 45.5 45 116 116 114
BC 4 BC - 6 2/3 9.1Z 2,330 213 1,916 34 151 636 8542 8.0 3.6 T-306 120 45.5 45.5 45 116 116 114
BC 4 BC - 8 2/4 8.3Z 1,730 287 2,581 90 405 636 8512 3.8 1.7 T-306 300 45.5 45.5 45 116 116 114

T-306 7636: 9228:

12 Bobbins per layer
3 Layers per box
36 Bobbins per box
4 Boxes per pallet
144 Bobbins per Pallet
12 Bobbins per layer
36 Bobbins per box
4 Boxes per pallet
144 Bobbins per Pallet

10 11
AGY Glass Yarns (continued)

E-Glass Multi-Tex (Multi-End Texturized) Yarns

Pallet Dimensions
Nomenclature Sizing Nominal Yield Packages per Typical Pallet Weight**
Sliver Length Width Height Length Width Height
US SI (yds/lb) (TEX) Pallet (lb) (kg)
[in] [in] [in] [cm] [cm] [cm]
ETDE 1.75 ET6-2835 1.75 None 173 2,867 45 650 295 45.5 45.5 45.5 116 116 116
ETDE 1.75 ET6-2835 1.75 Acrylic 168 2,953 45 750 340 45.5 45.5 45.5 116 116 116
ETDE 2.25 ET6-2205 2.25 None 217 2,286 45 650 295 45.5 45.5 45.5 116 116 116
ETDE 2.25 ET6-2205 2.25 Acrylic 214 2,318 45 750 340 45.5 45.5 45.5 116 116 116
ETDE 3.50 ET6-1417 3.50 None 346 1,434 45 650 295 45.5 45.5 45.5 116 116 116
ETDE 3.50 ET6-1417 3.50 Acrylic 357 1,390 45 750 340 45.5 45.5 45.5 116 116 116
ETDE 4.50 ET6-1102 4.50 None 440 1,127 45 650 295 45.5 45.5 45.5 116 116 116
ETDE 4.50 ET6-1102 4.50 Acrylic 432 1,148 45 750 340 45.5 45.5 45.5 116 116 116
ETDE 6.00* ET6-827 6.00 None 589 842 45 625 283 45.5 45.5 45.5 116 116 116
ETDE 6.00* ET6-827 6.00 Acrylic 589 842 45 725 329 45.5 45.5 45.5 116 116 116
ETDE 9.00* ET6-551 9.00 None 878 565 45 500 227 45.5 45.5 45.5 116 116 116
ETDE 11.60* ET6-428 11.60 None 1,205 412 45 500 227 45.5 45.5 45.5 116 116 116
ETG 1.40 ET9-3543 1.40 None 135 3,674 45 600 272 45.5 45.5 45.5 116 116 116
ETG 1.75 ET9-2835 1.75 None 162 3,062 45 600 272 45.5 45.5 45.5 116 116 116
ETG 1.75 ET9-2835 1.75 Acrylic 161 3,081 45 735 333 45.5 45.5 45.5 116 116 116
ETG 2.25 ET9-2205 2.25 Acrylic 222 2,234 45 735 333 45.5 45.5 45.5 116 116 116
ETG 2.75* ET9-1804 2.75 Acrylic 250 1,984 45 735 333 45.5 45.5 45.5 116 116 116
ETG 3.50* ET9-1417 3.50 None 362 1,370 45 600 272 45.5 45.5 45.5 116 116 116
ETG 3.50 ET9-1417 3.50 Acrylic 357 1,390 45 735 333 45.5 45.5 45.5 116 116 116
ETG 4.50 ET9-1102 4.50 None 448 1,107 45 600 272 45.5 45.5 45.5 116 116 116
ETG 4.50 ET9-1102 4.50 Acrylic 447 1,110 45 735 333 45.5 45.5 45.5 116 116 116
ETG 6.00 ET9-827 6.00 None 621 799 45 480 218 45.5 45.5 45.5 116 116 116
ETG 6.00 ET9-827 6.00 Acrylic 594 835 45 480 218 45.5 45.5 45.5 116 116 116
ETG 9.00* ET9-551 9.00 None 938 529 45 480 218 45.5 45.5 45.5 116 116 116
ETG 9.00* ET9-551 9.00 Acrylic 927 535 45 480 218 45.5 45.5 45.5 116 116 116
NOTE: All values given are for reference only and are subject to change, for additional information, please contact * These products are make to order only
your AGY Technical Representative ** Pallet weight information is for reference only, actual pallet weights will vary
All products pack 3 - 25 lb
T-405 Packaging 15 Packages per layer
3 Layers High
45 Packages per pallet

Forming Tube Input Products

Pallet Dimensions
Glass Filament Nominal Yield Tube ID Pkgs
Products Binder Sliver Length Width Height Length Width Height
Type Diameter (yds/lb) (in) per Pallet
[in] [in] [in] [cm] [cm] [cm]
S2 SCE225 1/0 762 762 E225 7 22,500 6 36 45 31 38 114 79 97
E ECG50 1/0 762 762 G50 9 5,000 11 27 48 45.5 50.5 122 116 128
E ECG75 1/0 762 762 G75 9 7,300 11 27 46 41.5 50.5 117 105 128
E ECH15 1/0 762 762 H15 9 1,500 11 27 46 41.5 50.5 117 105 128

Forming tube packaging - 11” Forming tube input - 6”

9 Packages per layer 12 Packages per layer
3 Layers per pallet 3 Layers per pallet
27 Packages per pallet 36 Packages per pallet
12 13
AGY Glass Rovings
S-2 Glass® Assembled Rovings
Nominal Package Pallet Dimensions
Filament Nominal Yield End Tube Packages Length Width Height Length Width Height
Product Binder Draw Weight Resin Compatibility Type
Diameter (yds/lb) (TEX) Count ID per Pallet
(lb) (kg) [in] [in] [in] [cm] [cm] [cm]
365-AA-1250 1,222 406 6 Polyester, Vinyl Ester,
365-AA-750 365 9 746 665 10 Outside 16 7 Epoxy Paper 3” 60 31 45 39 79 114 99
365-AA-250 249 1,992 30
449-AA-2500 2,444 203 3
449-AA-1250 1,222 406 6 Epoxy (Amine),
449 9 Outside 16 7 Paper 3” 60 31 45 39 79 114 99
449-AA-750 735 675 10 Urethane
449-AA-250 245 2,025 30
463-AA-1250 1,222 406 6 Epoxy (Anhydride),
463-AA-750 463 9 733 677 10 Outside 16 7 Paper 3” 60 31 45 39 79 114 99
Phenolic
463-AA-250 244 2,033 30
933-AA-1250 1,222 406 6 Polyamides, BMI, PEEK,
933-AA-750 933 9 735 675 10 Outside 16 7 PEI, PPS, PES, PEK, Paper 3” 60 31 45 39 79 114 99
933-AA-310 307 1,616 24 PAI, Epoxies and LCP
NOTE: All values given are for reference only and are subject to change, for additional information, please contact your AGY Technical Representative

S-2 Glass® Single End VeTron™ Rovings

Nominal Pallet Dimensions
Filament Nominal Yield End Resin Tube Packages Length Width Height Length Width Height
Product Binder Diameter Draw Package Weight Compatibility
(yds/lb) (TEX) Count Type ID per Pallet
(lb) (kg) [in] [in] [in] [cm] [cm] [cm]
VE1-AB-1200 18 413 1,201 Vinyl Ester, None 60 45.5 46 37 116 116 94
VE1 1 Inside 16 7 6 3/8”
VE1-AB-2400 26 207 2,396 Polyester Thick Wall 36 31 45 37 79 114 94
NOTE: All values given are for reference only and are subject to change, for additional information, please contact your AGY Technical Representative

S-2 Glass® Single End Zentron® Rovings

Nominal Package Pallet Dimensions
Filament Nominal Yield End Tube Packages
Product Binder Draw Weight Resin Compatibility Length Width Height Length Width Height
Diameter (yds/lb) (TEX) Count Type ID per Pallet
(lb) kg) [in] [in] [in] [cm] [cm] [cm]
Inside Epoxy/Polyester, fast None 60 45.5 45.5 37 116 116 94
517-AB-675 517 14 675 735 1 16 7 6 3/8”
Outside wetting Thick Wall 36 31 45 45 79 114 114
Inside High Temperature None 60 45.5 45.5 37 116 116 94
561-AB-675 561 14 675 735 1 16 7 6 3/8”
Outside thermoplastics Thick Wall 36 31 45 45 79 114 114
Inside Epoxy/Polyester, fast None 60 45.5 45.5 37 116 116 94
758-AB-675 758 14 675 735 1 16 7 6 3/8”
Outside wetting Thick Wall 36 31 45 45 79 114 114
Polyamides, BMI, PEEK, 60 45.5 45.5 37 116 116 94
Inside None
933-AB-675 933 14 675 735 1 16 7 PEI, PPS, PES, PEK, 6 3/8”
Outside Thick Wall 36 31 45 45 79 114 114
PAI, Epoxies and LCP
Inside Epoxy/Polyester, fast None 60 45.5 45.5 37 116 116 94
517-AB-1400 517 9 1,400 360 1 16 7 6 3/8”
Outside wetting Thick Wall 36 31 45 45 79 114 114
Inside High Temperature None 60 45.5 45.5 37 116 116 94
561-AB-1400 561 9 1,400 360 1 16 7 6 3/8”
Outside thermoplastics Thick Wall 36 31 45 45 79 114 114
Inside Epoxy/Polyester, fast None 60 45.5 45.5 37 116 116 94
758-AB-1400 758 9 1,400 360 1 16 7 6 3/8”
Outside wetting Thick Wall 36 31 45 45 79 114 114
Polyamides, BMI, PEEK, 60 45.5 45.5 37 116 116 94
Inside None
933-AB-1400 933 9 1,400 360 1 16 7 PEI, PPS, PES, PEK, 6 3/8”
Outside Thick Wall 36 31 45 45 79 114 114
PAI, Epoxies and LCP
Inside - Epoxy/Polyester, fast
721B-AC-250 721B 24 250 2,059 1 Continuous 73 33 None 6 3/8 27 45.5 45.5 37 116 116 94
wetting
Pack
NOTE: All values given are for reference only and are subject to change, for additional information, please contact your AGY Technical Representative

Outside draw and Inside Draw Assembled roving packaging

20 Packages per Layer
continuous packaging packaging 3 Layers High
9 Packages per Layer 12 Packages per Layer 60 Packages per pallet
3 Layers High 3 Layers High
27 Packages per pallet 36 Packages per pallet

14 15
AGY Chopped Glass
Engineered Chop Products
Box / Pallet Dimensions
Glass Filament Filaments Resin Nominal Pallet Weight
Binder Chop Length Packaging Bag per Length Width Height Length Width Height
Type Diameter per Bundle Compatibility (lb) kg)
Pallet [in] [in] [in] [cm] [cm] [cm]
50lb box 27 1,350 612 45.5 45.5 48 116 116 122
S2 7 1,200 522 4mm (5/32”) Poly carbonate
2,204 lb Super Sac 1 2,204 1,000 45.5 45.5 67 116 116 170
50lb box 27 1,350 612 45.5 45.5 48 116 116 122
S2 9 816 522 4mm (5/32”) Poly carbonate
2,204 lb Super Sac 1 2,204 1,000 45.5 45.5 67 116 116 170
50lb box 27 1,350 612 45.5 45.5 48 116 116 122
S2 7 1,200 544 4mm (5/32”) Nylon
2,204 lb Super Sac 1 2,204 1,000 45.5 45.5 67 116 116 170
50lb box 27 1,350 612 45.5 45.5 48 116 116 122
S2 9 816 544 4mm (5/32”) Nylon
2,204 lb Super Sac 1 2,204 1,000 45.5 45.5 67 116 116 170
50lb box 27 1,350 612 45.5 45.5 48 116 116 122
S2 7 1,200 553 4mm (5/32”) Nylon
2,204 lb Super Sac 1 2,204 1,000 45.5 45.5 67 116 116 170
50lb box 27 1,350 612 45.5 45.5 48 116 116 122
S2 9 816 553 4mm (5/32”) Nylon
2,204 lb Super Sac 1 2,204 1,000 45.5 45.5 67 116 116 170
Epoxy (anhydride),
S2 7 408 463 6mm (1/4”) 50 lb box 27 1,350 612 45.5 45.5 67 116 116 170
Phenolic
S2 9 408 401 6mm (1/4”) Epoxy / urethane 50 lb box 27 1,350 612 45.5 45.5 67 116 116 170
Good dispersion
E 11 1,224 700 50.8mm (2”) and processing in 50lb bag 32 1,600 726 54 36 33 +/- 3 137 91 84 +/- 7
carding
Starch based, good
E 9 609 620 6mm (1/4”) 40lb bag 24 960 435 54 36 33 +/- 3 137 91 84 +/- 7
dispersion
12.7mm (1/2”) Starch based, good
E 9 609 620 20 800 363 54 36 33 +/- 3 137 91 84 +/- 7
dispersion 40lb bag
50.8mm (2”) Starch based, good
E 6 1,632 602 1,000 lb bulk box 1 1,000 454 54 36 33 +/- 3 137 91 84 +/- 7
dispersion
NOTE: All values given are for reference only and are subject to change, for additional information, please contact your AGY Technical Representative

50lb Box Packaging Bulk box packaging Bag Packing Super Sac Packaging

Miscellaneous Bulk Fiber

Nominal Pallet Pallet Dimensions
Glass
Products Binder Packaging Weight Length Width Height Length Width Height
Type
(lb) (kg) [in] [in] [in] [cm] [cm] [cm]
S2 S-2 fiber By Product Starch 1,000 lb bulk box 1,000 454 54 36 33 +/- 3 137 91 84 +/- 7
E TP-40 Air Runback Starch 1,000 lb bulk box 1,000 454 54 36 33 +/- 3 137 91 84 +/- 7
E TP-40 Beam cut off Starch 1,000 lb bulk box 1,000 454 54 36 33 +/- 3 137 91 84 +/- 7
E TP-167 Uncut forming Hanks Starch 1,000 lb bulk box 1,000 454 54 36 33 +/- 3 137 91 84 +/- 7
E TP-167 Uncut Thin Tube Starch 1,000 lb bulk box 1,000 454 54 36 33 +/- 3 137 91 84 +/- 7
E TP-167 Start up bands Starch 1,000 lb bulk box 1,000 454 54 36 33 +/- 3 137 91 84 +/- 7
NOTE: All values given are for reference only and are subject to change, for additional information, please contact your AGY Technical Representative

Bulk box packaging

16 17
AGY Packaging Specifications
Yarn Package Dimensions
Flange Max Full
Measurement Inside Traverse Bare Bobbin
Bobbin Type Length (L) Diameter Type Build Package 7636 8512, 8542, 8571 9225, 9228
Units Diameter (ID) (T) (Nom. Weight)
(FD) Diameter (D)
US (in) Plastic 2.38 14.00 12.18 3.96 Double 0.49 lbs 4.50
7636
SI (cm) Tube 6.05 35.56 30.94 10.06 Taper 22.26 g 11.43
US (in) Plastic 1.69 10.63 9.13 4.31 0.50 lbs 4.0
8512 Milk Bottle
SI (cm) Tube 4.29 27.00 23.19 10.95 226.8 g 10.16
US (in) Plastic 2.38 13.25 10.97 6.00 0.53 lb 5.88
8542 Milk Bottle
SI (cm) Tube 6.05 33.66 27.86 15.24 240.4 g 14.92
US (in) Plastic 3.30 17.62 15.00 7.70 1.01 lb 7.58
8571 Milk Bottle
SI (cm) Tube 8.39 44.77 38.10 19.56 458.13 g 19.24
US (in) Plastic 1.68 11.08 9.13 4.31 0.44 lb 4.18
9225 Straight
SI (cm) Spool 4.26 28.13 23.18 10.95 199.58 g 10.62
US (in) Plastic 1.68 11.63 9.14 5.50 0.76 lb 5.05
9228 Straight
SI (cm) Spool 4.26 29.53 23.16 13.97 344.73 g 12.83

Roving Package Dimensions

Measurement Inside Wind
Package Length (L) Traverse (T) Build 4044 4059 4144 4159
Units Diameter (ID) Direction
US (in) 6.38 **10.50** 10.25
Square
4044 Forward
Edge
SI (cm) 16.19 **26.70** 26.04

US (in) 3.00 10.90 10.00

Square
4059 Forward
Edge
SI (cm) 7.62 27.69 25.40

US (in) 6.38 10.90 10.00

Square
4144 Forward
Edge
SI (cm) 16.19 27.69 25.40

US (in) 3.00 10.90 10.00

Square
4159 Forward
Edge
SI (cm) 7.62 27.69 25.40
**The 4044 package does not have an inner tube. The glass is packaged into a cylindrical shape without a core.**

Forming Tube Package Dimensions Beam Sizes Available

Measurement Inside Beam Sizes
9002 9004 9020 Flange Diameter
Package Units Diameter (ID) Length (L) Available (inches)
Flange Diameter 36 36 40
US (in) 6.38 10.0 Width 54.25 64 54.25 Barrel
1063
SI (cm) 16.2 25.4 Barrel Diameter 11.75 11.75 11.75 Diameter
US (in) 8.045 11.0 Gudgeon Length 5 or 6 5 or 6 6
1083 Gudgeon Diameter 1.625 1.625 1.625
SI (cm) 20.4 27.9
Beams are made to specific customer
US (in) 11.295 12.0 needs with typical end counts ranging from
1112 200 - 800, however AGY has the capabilty
SI (cm) 28.7 30.5 Gudgeon
of handling over 1,000 ends. Contact your
US (in) 11.295 15.0 AGY representative for specific details. Length
1115 Width
SI (cm) 28.7 38.1
Gudgeon
Diameter
18 19
Sizing Systems for Yarns, Rovings and Chopped Products
Approximate
Sizing Slivers Sizing Type Sizing Comments Application Product Compatibility / Comments
LOI (%)
E-Glass Directly compatible with Resin Epoxy / Polyester
517 G75, K18 0.55 Resin Industrial
Yarns Systems Faster Wetting Than 603
602 DE50, DE75, DE100, DE37, G37 0.45 Starch / Lube Made to Texturize Texturization Very Efficient Product for Texturizing
Directly compatible with Resin
603 G37, G75 0.60 Resin Industrial Epoxy / Polyester
Systems
G75, G150, G37, H18, DE75, DE150 Workhorse Sizing Industry General Purpose
620 1.20 Starch / Lube Weaving Industrial
and H25 Standard Good Processability
Good Processability
620-1 G37, E225, D450, D900, D1800 1.75 Starch / Lube Similar to 620 Weaving Industrial Fast Aqueous Wet-Out
E225, D450, D900, C120,BC2250,
622 1.50 Starch / Lube Air Friendly Weaving Good Loom Efficiency
BC3000
636 G150, DE100, DE37, BC150 1.20 Starch / Lube General Purpose Weaving Industrial General purpose, good processability
Industrial sizing, high strand Good Processability
641 G150, G75, H55 1.00 Starch / Lube Warping Industrial
integrity High Strand Integrity
723 D450 1.20 Starch / Lube High Tensile Industrial High Tensile Industrial Applications
Directly compatible with Resin
S-2 Glass® Yarns 383 SG150 0.70 Resin Industrial Epoxy / Polyester / Vinyl Ester
Systems
Directly compatible with Resin
493 SG150 and SG75 0.45 Resin Industrial Epoxy / Polyester
Systems
Directly compatible with Resin
550 SG150 and SG75 0.50 Resin Aerospace Industrial High Temperature Thermoplastics
Systems
636 SG150 and SG75 1.20 Starch / Lube General Purpose Weaving Industrial General purpose, good processability
Directly compatible with Resin
762 SE225 0.42 Resin Industrial Rubber Compatible
Systems
Directly compatible with Resin "Toughened Epoxy / Thermoplastics
933 SG75 0.23 Resin Aerospace
Systems Poor Broken Filament Resistance"
BC1700, C1360, D1020, D510, DE340,
L-glass® Yarns 620-1 1.50 Starch / Lube Air Friendly Weaving Good Loom Efficiency
E255
Assembled Directly compatible with Resin
365 250, 750, and 1250 yield 0.50 Resin Industrial Polyester / Vinyl Ester / Epoxy
Rovings Systems
Directly compatible with Resin
449 250, 750, 1250 and 2500 yield 0.65 Resin Aerospace Industrial Epoxy (Amine) / Urethane Compatible
Systems
Directly compatible with Resin
463 250, 750 and 1250 yield 1.00 Resin Aerospace Industrial Epoxy (Anhydride) / Phenolic
Systems
Directly compatible with Resin Toughened Epoxy /Thermoplastics,
933 310, 750 and 1250 yield 0.23 Resin Aerospace
Systems Poor Broken Filament Resistance
Directly compatible with Resin "Epoxy / Polyester
Direct Rovings 517 675 and 1400 yield 0.50 Resin Aerospace Industrial
Systems Faster Wetting Than 603"
Directly compatible with Resin
561 675 and 1400 yield 0.25 Resin Aerospace Industrial High Temperature Thermoplastics
Systems
Directly compatible with Resin Epoxy Compatible, Fastest Epoxy
721B 250 yield 0.40 Resin Industrial
Systems Wet-Out
Directly compatible with Resin Epoxy Compatible, Fastest Epoxy
758 675 and 1400 yield 0.65 Resin Aerospace Recreation
Systems Wet-Out
Directly compatible with Resin Toughened Epoxy /Thermoplastics,
933 675 and 1400 yield 0.30 Resin Aerospace
Systems Poor Broken Filament Resistance
Directly compatible with Resin
VEI 207 and 414 yield 0.50 Resin Marine Weaving Pultrusion Vinylester / Polyester Compatible
Systems
Various Input
E-Glass Chop 402 0.85 Starch / Lube N/A Industrial
1/4" Chop
H18 Input Special Chopping Good Dispersion and Processing in
700 0.44 Made for Carding Carding
2" Chop Size Carding
S-2 Glass® Chop SG-75 Input
401 1.20 Resin N/A Industrial Epoxy / Urethane
Chopped 1/4" Chop
SE-37, SG-37 Thermoplastic Thermoplastic polyester and
522 0.80 Made for Extrusion Industrial
5/32" Chop Chop polycarbonate
SE-37, SG-37 Thermoplastic
544 0.90 Made for Extrusion Industrial Polyamides (Nylons)
5/32" Chop Chop
SE-37, SG-37 Thermoplastic
553 0.75 Made for Extrusion Industrial High Temperature Thermoplastics
5/32" Chop Chop

20 21
Yarn Sizing Grid -- Processability & Compatibility
L-Glass®
E-Glass Yarns Sizings S-2 Glass® Yarns Sizings Yarn
Processability 517 602 603 620 620-1 622 636 641 723 Processability 383 493 636 550 762 933 620-1
Heat Cleanability Heat Cleanability
Air Texturization Air Texturization
Air Friendly Air Friendly
High Strand Integrity High Strand Integrity
Yarn Tensile Strength Yarn Tensile Strength
Tape / Facing Laminate Tensile Tape / Facing Laminate Tensile
Aqueous Wet-Out Aqueous Wet-Out
Alkali Resistance Alkali Resistance
Low Running Tension Low Running Tension
Broken Filament Resistance Broken Filament Resistance
Polymer / Resin Compatibility Polymer / Resin Compatibility
PVC (polyvinyl chloride) PVC (polyvinyl chloride)
PVAc (polyvinyl acetate) PVAc (polyvinyl acetate)
PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) PVA (polyvinyl alcohol)
Epoxy Epoxy
Polyester Polyester
Vinyl Ester Vinyl Ester
Cyanate Ester Cyanate Ester
Phenolic Phenolic
Acrylic Acrylic
Polyurethane Polyurethane
SBR SBR
BMI (bismaleimide) BMI (bismaleimide)
PTFE (Teflon) PTFE (Teflon)
PA (Nylon) PA (Nylon)
Polycarbonate Polycarbonate
PPS PPS
PEEK, PEKK PEEK, PEKK

Excellent Excellent
Moderate Moderate
Poor Poor
N/A N/A

22 23
Roving Sizing Grid – Processability & Compatibility Chopped Fiber Sizing Grid – Processability & Compatibility
Assembled Rovings Sizings Direct Rovings Sizings E-Glass Chop Sizings S-2 Glass® Chop Sizings
Processability 365 449 463 933 550 561 721B 758 933 VE1 Processability 402 700 401 522 544 553
Air Texturization Heat Cleanability
Low Catenary Hopper Flow
Low Twist Level Low Fines
High Strand Integrity High Strand Integrity
Composite Tensile Strength Air Conveyance
Tape / Laminate Tensile Mechanical Conveyance
Resin Impregnation Aqueous Wet-Out
Elevated Temp Color Low Static
Retention Plenum Air Dispersion
Low Running Tension Can Be Carded
Broken Filament Resistance Polymer / Resin Compatibility
Polymer / Resin PVC (polyvinyl chloride)
Compatibility PVAc (polyvinyl acetate)
PVC (polyvinyl chloride) PVA (polyvinyl alcohol)
PVAc (polyvinyl acetate) Epoxy
PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) Polyester
Epoxy Vinyl Ester
Polyester Cyanate Ester
Vinyl Ester Phenolic
Cyanate Ester Acrylic
Phenolic Polyurethane
Acrylic SBR
Polyurethane BMI (bismaleimide)
SBR PTFE (Teflon)
BMI (bismaleimide) Thermoplastic
PTFE (Teflon) PBT (PolyButylene Terephthalate)
PA (Nylon) PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate)
Polycarbonate PC (Polycarbonate)
PPS PA 6 (PolyAmide Nylon 6)
PEEK, PEKK PA 6,6 (PolyAmide Nylon 6,6)
PA 12 (PolyAmide Nylon 12)
Excellent PPS (PolyPhenylene Sulfide)
Moderate PEI (PolyEther Imide)
Poor PEKK (PolyEther Ketone Ketone)
N/A PEEK (PolyEther Ether Ketone)

Excellent
Moderate
Poor
N/A

24 25
Typical Fiber Properties
Category Property Test Method Units E-Glass L-Glass S-3 HDI S-1 HM S-2 Glass
Physical Density ASTM C693 g/cm3 2.55 - 2.58 2.27 - 2.29 2.42 - 2.44 2.56 - 2.58 2.46 - 2.48
Physical Hardness (Mohs Scale) -- 6.5 6.0 6.5 6.5 6.5
Physical Moisture Regain ASTM D1909 % 0 0 0 0 0

Optical Refractive Index, 589, nm Oil Immersion -- 1.547-1.562 1.496-1.500 1.516-1.520 1.544-1.548 1.520-1.525

Mechanical Fiber Tensile Strength Modified ASTM 2101 MPa 3445 -- 4630 4300 4890
Mechanical Fiber Tensile Modulus Modified ASTM 2101 GPa 72 62 86 90 89
Mechanical Strain to Failure Modified ASTM 2101 % 4.8 -- -- -- 5.7
Mechanical Impregnated Strand Tensile Strength ASTM D 2343 MPa 2070-2235 -- 3270-3360 2900-3135 3569-3677
Mechanical Impregnated Strand Tensile Modulus ASTM D 2343 GPa 69-76 -- 85-86 89-91 87-90

UD Fabric Laminate Properties (60% FVF)

Mechanical Tensile Strength ASTM D 3039 / ISO 527-5 MPa 775 -- -- 1230 1710
Mechanical Tensile Modulus ASTM D 3039 / ISO 527-5 GPa 42 -- -- 54 56
Mechanical Flexural Strength ASTM D 790 MPa 1173 -- -- 1428 1690
Mechanical Flexural Modulus ASTM D 790 GPa 41 -- -- 53 55
Mechanical Compressive strength ASTM D 3410 MPa 600 -- -- 887 1140
Mechanical Compressive modulus ASTM D 3410 GPa 41 -- -- 53 55

Thermal Coefficient of Thermal Expansion BS 1902-5.3:1990 10-7 /°C 54 39 35 47 29

Thermal Thermal Conductivity, k ASTM C177 W/m/°K 1.15 -- -- -- 1.25
Thermal Softening Point Temp ASTM C338 °C 846 740 940 948 1056
Thermal Annealing Point Temp ASTM C336 °C 657 -- 715 748 816
Thermal Strain Point Temp ASTM C336 °C 616 -- 655 693 766
Thermal Flame Resistance ASTM D2863 Oxygen Index 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%

Electrical Volume Resistivity, ρv , 500 V, 22oC ASTM D257 x1015 Ohms-cm 3.00 6.76 0.48 -- 9.15
Electrical Surface Resistivity, ρs , 500 V, 22oC ASTM D257 x1015 Ohms 2.54 1.48 5.33 -- 1.02
Electrical Dielectric Breakdown , 500 V/s ASTM D149 kV/mm 9.70 12.20 11.20 -- 11.80
Electrical Dielectric Constant, ɛ' , 1 MHz ASTM D150 -- 6.60 4.70 5.50 -- 5.30
Electrical Dielectric Constant, ɛ' , 10 GHz Resonant Cavity -- 6.10 4.86 5.34 -- 5.20
Electrical Dielectric Loss, tan δ, 1 MHz ASTM D150 -- 0.003 <0.001 0.0050 -- 0.002
Electrical Dielectric Loss, tan δ, 10 GHz Resonant Cavity -- 0.004 0.0029 0.0075 -- 0.007

* Refer to OC, AGY Technology Transfer Document

26 27
Glossary of Terms
In the glass fiber textile industry, as with many other industries, BRAID/BRAIDER
there is widely used and commonly understood terminology. This A narrow tubular or flat fabric produced by intertwining a single set
section defines words or terms used in this publication and within of yarns in a pattern.
the industry.
BUSHING
ABRASION A precious metal plate with holes through which molten glass is
Wearing away by friction. Glass is highly resistant to abrasion by extruded into filaments.
other materials, but can be damaged through contact with itself.
A lubricant is used during processing and fabrication to prevent CABLED YARN
abrasion. Yarn that is plied more than once; yarn made by plying two or more
previously plied yarns.
BARE GLASS
The glass as it flows from the bushing in fiber form, before binder or CARDING
sizing is applied. The process of untangling and partially straightening fibers by pass-
ing them between two closely spaced surfaces which are moving
BATCH OVEN at different speeds, and at least one of which is covered with sharp
Large temperature-controlled oven, used to heat-clean rolls of glass points, thus converting a tangled mass of fibers to a filmy web.
fiber fabric.
CHEMICAL SIZE
BEAM A surface finish applied to the fiber that contains some chemical
A spool on which a number of parallel ends of single or plied yarns constituents other than water.
are wound, for use in weaving or similar processing operations.
CHOPPED STRANDS
BEAMED YARNS Strands that are chopped to various lengths.
Beamed yarns are pulled in a continuous, parallel manner around a
beam. COATED YARNS
Yarns that are run through a coating bath and then dried in an oven.
BEAMING
Operation in which many ends of yarn from a creel are combined on COLLET
a section beam. A spool on which the gathered strands from the bushing are wound
for further processing.
BINDER
A material applied in liquid form to fibers, yarn or fabric, to retain CONTINUOUS FILAMENT
structural integrity during further processing. (Also known as sizing.) A yarn made of filaments that extend substantially throughout the
length of the yarn.
BOBBIN
The spool onto which yarns are wound. (Also known as package.) CORONIZING
Continuous heat cleaning and weave setting.

28 29
Glossary of Terms (continued)

CREEL E-GLASS
That part of a twisting, winding or warping machine that holds pack- A family of calcia-alumina-silicate glasses which has a certified
ages of strands for further fabrication. chemical composition and which is used for general purposes and
most electrical applications. (ASTM D578-90)
CREELING
The method used to supply many parallel ends of yarn, uniformly END
spaced. The creel is a support for yarn packages and tension A single fiber, strand, roving or yarn being incorporated into a
devices. Creeling is performed for such operations as section product.
beaming and warping, and where uni-directional reinforcement is
required; for example, in supplying yarns to scrim masters and other FIBER/FILAMENT
yarn-laying equipment for reinforcing paper tapes. An individual rod of glass, of sufficiently small diameter to be
There are two types of creels. One is a simple pin creel, in which flexible, and of limited length.
the yarn is pulled off as the package is rotated. The weight of the
yarn package is usually sufficient for uniform delivery tension. The FILAMENT YARN
other type of creel – referred to as the “pirn” or cone-type – pulls A yarn composed of continuous filaments assembled with or without
over the end of the stationary package, using transfer tails. twist.
Tension devices are used to maintain uniform delivery of the yarn.
Polished or chrome-plated surfaces minimize filament fracture and FILL
build-up of fuzz and dirt. The system of yarns running crosswise in a woven fabric (short for
filling). (Also known as weft.)
DENIER
A direct numbering system for expressing linear density, equal to FINISH
the mass in grams per 9,000 meters of yarn, filament, fiber or other Coupling agent applied to fabric to improve compatibility with resins
textile strand. or to improve high-temperature lubricity.

DENSITY, FIBER FLY

Mass per unit volume of the solid matter of which a fiber is com- Fibers which fly out into the atmosphere during carding, drawing,
posed, measured under specified conditions. spinning or other textile processes.

DIRECT-SIZED YARN FUZZ

Specially formulated sizings on textile yarns that allow them to be Untangled or broken fiber ends that protrude from the surface of a
resin compatible. yarn or fabric.

DISPERSION GLASS BLENDS

The process of suspending individual fibers (filaments) in an When several different fiber types, i.e. different lengths and diame-
aqueous medium. ters, are blended in the fiber slurry.

HEAT CLEANING
Batch and continuous processes in which organic yarn binder is
removed from glass fabrics.
30 31
Glossary of Terms (continued)

KNITTED FABRIC
A structure produced by inter-looping one or more ends of yarn or POLYESTER COMBINATION YARN
comparable materials. A polyester/fiber glass hybrid yarn.

L-GLASS® YARNS ROVING

A proprietary glass formulation designed for high speed, low loss A multiplicity of filaments or yarns gathered together into an approxi-
printed circuit board applications. mately parallel arrangement without twist.

LOOM RPPU
A mechanical device that interlaces fibers at right angles with vary- Reusable plastic packaging unit.
ing degrees of weave construction (weight, thickness and design).
More modern looms are air jet, but more traditional shuttle and S-GLASS
rapier equipment is still in use. A family of magnesium-alumina-silicate glasses with a certified
chemical composition which conforms to an applicable material
LOOM BEAM specification and which produces high mechanical strength. (ASTM
A large, flanged cylinder onto which all warp yarns are wound and D578-90)
from which yarns enter the looms.
S-GLASS® FIBER
NON-WOVEN FABRIC The AGY trademarked brand of high tensile strength “S” glass
A textile structure produced by the bonding or interlocking of fibers, fibers.
or both, accomplished by mechanical, chemical, thermal or solvent
means and combinations thereof. S-3 HDI® YARNS
Proprietary glass formulation designed to meet the demanding
OVERSPRAY technical requirements of the high density interconnects (HDI) used
A specially formulated binder applied to texturized yarn that helps in printed circuit boards, and in particular the integrated circuit (IC)
retain the bulk of the yarn after texturizing. package substrates.

PACKAGE SCRIM
A bobbin or spool onto which yarns or rovings are wound. A light, woven or non-woven fabric with relatively large openings
between the yarns, used as reinforcement for paper and other
PLIED YARN products.
A yarn formed by twisting together two or more single yarns in one
operation. (Also known as folded yarn or formed yarn.) SECTION BEAM
A flanged cylinder onto which yarn is drawn and accumulated from
PLY yarn bobbins or packages.
1. The number of single yarns twisted together to form a plied yarn.
2.The number of plied yarns twisted together to form a cord or SERVING
cable. 3.The individual yarn in a plied yarn, cord or cable. 4. One of Wrapping of yarn around a product in one or more layers to form a
several layers of fabric. protective covering.

32 33
Glossary of Terms (continued)

SEWING THREAD TEXTURIZED YARNS

A flexible, small diameter yarn or strand, usually treated with a
surface coating, lubricant or both, intended to be used to stitch one
or more pieces of material or an object to a material.
SINGLE YARN
The simplest strand of textile material suitable for operations such
as weaving, knitting, etc.
SIZE/SIZING
A generic term for compounds which, when applied to yarn or fabric,
form a more or less continuous solid film around the yarn and
individual fibers. (Also known as binder.)
SLASHING
The method of applying sizing to a width of warp yarns on a contin-
uous basis.
SLIVER
Overlapping and parallel staple fibers that have been gathered into
a loose, continuous bundle.
SPLICE
The joining of two ends of yarn by intertwining, knotting, overlapping
or adhering them together.
STRAND
1. A single fiber, filament or monofilament. 2. An ordered assem-
blage of textile fibers having a high ratio of length to diameter and
normally used as a unit including slivers, rovings, single yarns, plied
yarns, cords, braids, ropes, etc.
Texturized yarns are run through an air jet to achieve various
degrees of fiber bulk and loft.
TURN
One 360° revolution of the components around the axis of the
strand.
TWIST AND PLY FRAMES
Machines used to twist and ply glass yarns.
VETRON™ ROVING
AGY’s single end high strength glass roving designed specifically
for compatibility with vinyl ester and polyester resin systems.
WARP
1. The yarn running lengthwise in a woven fabric. 2. A group of
yarns in long lengths and approximately parallel, put on beams or
warp reels for further textile processing including weaving, knitting,
twisting, dyeing, etc.
WARP SIZE
Chemicals applied to the warp yarn to improve strand integrity,
strength and smoothness to withstand the rigors of weaving.
WEFT
The system of yarns running crosswise in a fabric. (Also known as fill.)
WINDING
The process of transferring yarn from one type of package to
another yarn package.

TENSION DEVICE YARN

A mechanical or magnetic device that controls tension.
TEX
A unit of expressing linear density, equal to the mass in grams of
1,000 meters of yarn, filament, fiber or other textile strand.
34
A generic term for a continuous strand of textile fibers, filaments or
material in a form suitable for knitting, weaving or otherwise
intertwining to form a textile fabric.
ZENTRON® ROVING
AGY’s single-end rovings made from S-2 Glass® fibers.
35
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DISCLAIMER OF LIABILITY
This data is offered solely as a guide in the selection of a reinforcement. The
information contained in this publication is based on actual laboratory data
and field test experience. We believe this information to be reliable, but do
not guarantee its applicability to the user’s process or assume any liability
arising out of its use or performance. The user, by accepting the products
described herin, agrees to be responsible for thoroughly testing any application
to determine its suitability before committing to production. It is important for
the user to determine the properties of it own commercial compounds when
using this or any other reinforcement.

BECAUSE OF NUMBEROUS FACTORS AFFECTING RESULTS, WE MAKE

NO WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING THOS
OF MERCHNATABILITY AND FITNESS, FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
STATEMENTS IN THIS DOCUMENT SHALL NOT BE CONSTRUED AS
PRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES OR AS INDUCEMENTS TO INFRINGE
ANY PATENT OR VIOLATE ANY LAW, SAFETY CODE, OR INSURANCE
REGULATION.