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The Pressure Vessel Dimension Inspection

article provides you with information about Custom Search

the dimensional requirements in pressure

vessel construction and pressure vessel Conveyor B
inspection. India
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You may know some fabrication tolerances
Roots blow
have not been addressed in ASME Code Price, Fast
Section VIII.
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So you need to refer to other sources for Pressure V

Handbook
inspection. This article provides you the
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most important dimensional inspection
requirements. Submit Res
Now

The dimensional check of a pressure vessel Ad www.monster

consists of the following items: ASME Cod

Section 8
Mill Undertolerance of Plates and inspection-for-indu

Pipes Pressure V
Test
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SGS - Be... Piping Insp
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India
Pressure V
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Heads
Pressure Vessel
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Handbook
Tolerances
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Certificatio
Gas Fired Boilers
Maker Out of Roundness of shell inspection-for-indu

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Nozzles and attachments Orientation What is the
ASME Code Welding Ma
Section 8 Nozzles and attachments Projection inspection-for-indu
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Vessel Pres
Nozzles and attachments elevation
Pressure Vessel Testing
RT Test
Nozzles and attachments levelness
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Piping Inspection Pressure V

Weld mismatch Definition

Weld
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Pressure Vessel Welding In

Heads Mill Undertolerance of Plates and Pipes Procedure
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PressurePressure
Vessel Vessel Dimension Inspection -
Plate:
Certification
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Your pressure vessel plates with 0.01 inch

What is the
Welding or
Map?
6% undertolerance, whichever is smaller,
may be
used for full design pressure,
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instead of at the given design thickness

Vessel Pressure
Testing specified.
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PressureHowever,
Vessel if the material specification allows
Definition
greater undertolerance, then the ordered
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thickness for the material should be
Welding sufficiently greater.
Inspection...
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For example, if you have SA 516 Gr.70 plate
with a 0.625 inch nominal thickness, and the
I will be updating and
growing this site with actual thickness is 0.615, it is acceptable,
more and more of
industrial inspection and you may use this plate without any
related articles. specific design consideration.

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Enter Your
First
Name But if the same plate has an actual
thickness of 0.595 inches, you need to
(optional) consider mill undertolarence in your design
calculation.

This plate thickness is acceptable based on

Subscribe the material specification (see table in SA 20
for thickness tolerances). We cannot reject
this plate because it is in the permissible
tolerance of plate specification, but based
on ASME Code SEC VIII Div 1, you need to
consider this 0.03 inches in your design
calculation: e.g. Thickness = Min Thickness
+ Corrosion Allowance + Mill Undertolrance

Pressure Vessel Dimension Inspection -

Pipe:

Contrary to the plate material, your pipe and

tube mill undertolrances need to be taken
into account for design consideration.

Pipe and tube undertolrances are almost

-12.5 % of the nominal wall thickness, but
sometimes there are differences for different
materials, so for any specific material, it
shall be referred to the suggested pipe or
tube material specification to obtain the
exact amount of mill undertolrances.

For example, if there is a pressure vessel

with nominal shell thickness of 0.5 inch, it
needs a 6” SA 106 Gr.B nozzle to be
attached to the shell plate.

Assume that external loading is not a design

controlling factor (is not governor), so as our
minimum, nozzle thickness will be the same
as the shell thickness.

So with a consideration of -12.5%, the

calculation will be: 0.5 / 0.875 = 0.571
inches. So when we refer to ASME B36.10
and select our pipe schedule it will be SA
106 Gr.B Schedule 160.

Pressure Vessel Dimension Inspection -

Tolerances for Formed Head:

You may know that there is a specific rule

for dimensional checking of formed heads,
based the fact that the UG-81 inner surface
shall not deviate outside of the specified
shape more than 11⁄4% of D and inside the
shape more than 5⁄8%.

You can use sweep boards, which are made

by cutting a thin steel sheet or piece of wood
for checking your crown and knuckle radius.

For your skirt, the difference between the

maximum and minimum inside diameter,
should not be more than 1%, and you can
use a tape measure or laser measure for
dimensional control of the skirt.

So to fully understand, let's check the

following head together:

Head ID = 3364 mm

Head Type: Torispherical

Limit for Outside of specified Shape = 3364

x 1 ¼% = 42.05 mm

Limit for Inside of specified Shape = 3364 x

5/8 % = 21.025 mm

So we check the depth, and the drawing is

656.3 mm and the actual is 672 mm, so it is
outside of the shape. We need to check if it
is in the range of tolerance, so the maximum
outside of the shape will be 42.05 + 656.3 =
698.35 so our actual value is 672 mm.
672<698.35, so it is OK.
We cut a sweep board equal to the head
drawing crown radius (3400 mm) and other
one for the knuckle radius equal to 204 mm,
so we try to fit the sweep boards in the
heads for the above example of the sweep
boards. The edge distance to the head
surface should not be deviate from the
above limited values.

Skirt max and min ID should not be more

than 1% of the ID, which is 33.64 mm. So, in
the above example skirt is also is OK. Our
nominal thickness is 20 mm, so up to 19.746
is acceptable then for the above example.
The thickness dimension is also OK.

So the above head dimensions are ok

Pressure Vessel Dimension Inspection -

Out of Roundness of Shell:

UG-80 deals with out of roundness of shell.

The maximum permitted ovality tolerance (D
max – D min) shall not exceed 1% of the
nominal diameter of the vessel.

If you have an opening, then the tolerance

can be increased by 2% x d (d = diameter of
opening), if the measurement is taken within
a distance of ‘d’ from the axis of the
opening.

The out of roundness generally is measured

in two directions with a normal measuring
tape or laser measure, so one direction
would be the D max and other one would be
the D min.

The following picture shows an out of

roundness measurement:
Pressure Vessel Dimension Inspection -
Nozzles and Attachments Orientation:

ASME Code SEC VIII Div 1 has not

specified the orientation tolerances for
nozzles and attachments, so you need refer
to the pressure vessel handbook.

It is almost +/- 1 degree. The orientation

check can be done by a simple calculation
by using a measuring tape in the actual
measurement work on the vessel.

For example, we want to check N3

orientation in following drawing.

N3 is located at 120 degrees in the drawing.

The manufacturer has located this point in
the vessel with a marker, and we want to
check the location, and if it is OK, then we
can allow the manufacturer to cut.
So we run this simple calculation:

Vessel OD = 97.875”

Shell outside Circumference length = π x

OD = 3.14 x 97.875 = 307.3275”

307.3275 distributed to 360 degrees so

each degree represents

307.3275/ 360 =0.8536”

N3 is located at the 120 degree position, so

if we use a measuring tape and keep 0 at
the zero reference point in the vessel and
pull the tape, the nozzle center should be
located at 120 x 0.8536 = 102.4425 inches.

This 102.4425 is a perfect case so our

tolerance is ±1 degrees. So if the tape
shows in following range, it will be OK.

102.4425 – 0.8536 =101.5889”

102.4425 + 0.8536 =103.2961”

Pressure Vessel Dimension Inspection -

Nozzles and Attachments Projection:

Nozzle and attachment projection is the

length from the nozzle or the attachment
face to the vessel shell centerline.

Projection dimensions are addressed in

general assembly drawings. The projection
tolerances are not addressed in ASME Code
SEC VIII Div 1, but if you refer to the
pressure vessel handbook, almost ± 0.25 of
an inch is permissible.
In following figure, we need to check the BD
nozzle projection. It should be 660 mm in
distance from shell centerline to the flange
face.

In practical measurement, you may use a

measuring tape to measure the distance
between the shell outside circumference to
the nozzle face. Then the measured value is
summed with the shell thickness and the
inside radius. So for the above example, the
following range is acceptable:
660 – 6.35 = 653.65

660 + 6.35 =666.35

Pressure Vessel Dimension Inspection -

Nozzles and Attachments Elevation:

Your Nozzles and attachments elevation is

the length between the nozzles or the
attachments centerline and the bottom or
top head tangent line.

The elevation dimension is addressed

directly in the general assembly drawing.
The elevation tolerances are not addressed
in ASME Code SEC VIII Div 1, but if you
refer to the pressure vessel handbook,
almost ±0.25 inch is permissible.

In following figure, we need to check Nozzle

EB elevation. As you see in the drawing, the
distance between the nozzle centerline to
the bottom head tangent line is 700 mm.
In actual measurement, the measuring tape
or laser measure is used to measure from
the nozzle neck center line to the tangent
line. In this example, the following range is
acceptable:

700 – 6.35 = 693.65

700 + 6.35 = 706.35

Pressure Vessel Dimension Inspection -

Nozzles and Attachments Levelness:

The nozzles and attachments levelness

tolerances are not addressed in ASME Code
SEC VIII Div 1, but in the pressure vessel
handbook, a ½ ˚ deflection is permissible.
For levelness checking, a level gage is
used. If the bubble is in the middle of the
designated lines, the nozzle is level.

But if the bubble intersects the designated

limit lines, you need to run a simple
calculation and see if your deflection is
within the tolerance limit.

You need to move one end of the level gage

up to the bubble to be placed in middle.
Then measure the distance between the
level gage end and the flange face. The
measured value is the X in the figure.

Then obtain α, if α is less than 0.5˚, the

deflection falls within the tolerances. And it
is OK otherwise it will require cutting out and
re-welding.

Pressure Vessel Dimension Inspection -

Weld Mismatch:

ASME Code SEC VIII Div. 1 specified

tolerances for weld mismatch in UW-33. It is
important to know that the limit for weld
mismatch is stringent for a category A weld
(Longitudinal joint and circumferential shell
to hemispherical head).

The concept behind this is that the

longitudinal joint bears double the amount of
stress, and inspectors should precisely
check these joints.

For example, you have a pressure vessel

with a nominal thickness of 1 inch. You do a
visual and measure the mismatch by the
welding gauge. Assume you found a 0.143
inch mismatch in one longitudinal and one
circumferential joint.

So you look to the UW-33 table:

The permissible weld mismatch in the

longitudinal joint for your case is 0.125 of an
inch, and for the circumferential joint, it is
0.1875 of an inch.
Your weld mismatches for both longitudinal
and circumferential joints are 0.143, so your
circumferential joint is OK, but your
longitudinal joint should be repaired.

Pressure Vessel Dimension Inspection -

Weld Reinforcement:

The same concept for weld mismatch exists

for weld reinforcement tolerances. The
longitudinal joint weld reinforcement limit is
more stringent than that for circumferential
joints.

This is because longitudinal joint bears

double stress, and it is required that the
stress concentration is minimized.

In the same example, assume that there are

0.150 of an inch welds reinforcement for
both category A and B welds. Do you want
to review your weld acceptance?

Category A allowances = 0.093 inch

Category B allowances = 0.1875

So our circumferential joint is OK, but the

longitudinal is not OK and should be
repaired by removing the excess weld
reinforcement.

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Krishna Lavangam ·
Inspecting Engineer at Bureau Veritas
It is gud and very useful information.
Like · Reply · Jul 25, 2012 10:34pm

Manoj Sahu ·
Technical Officer at Electronics Corporation of India
thanx very much for this useful info.
Like · Reply · 1 · Aug 10, 2012 12:43pm
 Like · Reply · 1 · Aug 10, 2012 12:43pm

‫· ﻣﺣﻣود ﺧﻠف ﻣﮭران‬

Inspection Engineer at ‫ﺷرﻛﺔ ﺳوﻛو ﻟﻠﺑﺗرول‬
Thanks alot
Like · Reply · Aug 12, 2012 12:39pm

Mohammad Shadaab Khan ·

Jubail, Saudi Arabia
THANKS FOR THIS VALUABLE INFORMATION.
Like · Reply · Aug 22, 2012 4:12pm

Dinesh Devadiga ·
Senior Production Engineer at Larsen & Toubro
useful information
Like · Reply · Sep 5, 2012 10:32am

Kuldeep Singh ·
Director at Kinetick NDT&Technical Services
thanks of all for important information.
Like · Reply · Sep 7, 2012 8:28am

Ibrahim Wafaey ·
Pet. and mining engineer
Thanks really appreciated
Like · Reply · Oct 13, 2012 8:29pm

Fer DM
interesting, thank you.
Like · Reply · 2 · Dec 14, 2012 1:48am

Asokekumar Ghosh ·
Ramakrishna Mission Shilpapitha, Belgharia
Very good doc. Thanks.
Like · Reply · Dec 14, 2012 12:11pm

Asokekumar Ghosh ·
Ramakrishna Mission Shilpapitha, Belgharia
Can anybody help me with acceptable fabrication tolerance for
tangential nozzles in separator for super critical boiler?
Like · Reply · Dec 14, 2012 12:13pm

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