SUMMARY: EXECUTIVE CONTROL PROCESS

EXECUTIVE CONTROL PROCESS

• Involve metacognitive skills.

• Help the learners make informed decisions about how to categorize, organize or
interpret information.

Eg. Attention

rehearsals

organization

FORGETTING

TWO MAIN WAY WHICH FORGETTING LIKELY OCCURS:

a) Decay – Information is not attended to, and eventually ‘fades’ way. Very
prevalent in Working Memory.

b) Interference – New or old information ‘blocks’ access to the information in

question.

METHODS FOR INCREASING RETRIEVAL OF INFORMATION

• REHEARSAL – repeating information verbatim

• MEANINGFUL LEARNING – connection between prior and new knowledge

• ORGANIZATION – connections among various pieces of information

• ELABORATION – adding additional ideas to new information

• VISUAL IMAGERY – forming a “picture” of the information

• GENERATION – remembering things we produce more than the things we hear

• CONTEXT – remembering situation helps recover information

• PERSONALIZATION – making information relevant to the individual

OTHER MEMORY METHODS

• SERIAL POSITION EFFECT (Recency and Primacy)

- You will remember the beginning and ends of a ‘list’ more readily.
 • PART LEARNING

- Break up the ‘list’ or “chunk” information to increasing memorization.

• DISTRIBUTED PRACTICE

- Break up learning sessions, rather than cramming all the info in at once
(Massed Practice)

• MNENOMIC AIDS

- This includes loci technique, acronyms, sentence construction, peg-word

and association techniques.

THE INFORMATION PROCESSING MODEL

Information is received through the senses and goes to the sensory memory for a
brief amount of time. If not found relevant, information may decay. It goes to the STM
and if given attention and is perceived and found to be relevant, it is to be sent to LTM.
If not properly encoded, forgetting occurs. Different cognitive process applied to the
information will then determine if information can be retrieved when needed later.
ESSAY ABOUT MY REPORT (EXECUTIVE CONTROL PROCESS)

By: Hannah S. Co | 3rd Year – BSED English | A71

“MEMORY AID”

I recently learned through this lesson that being aware of the condition of one’s
own memory is a vital need for learning effectively. This can lead to successful learning
if we fully understand what we should do with different kinds of memories we store in
our minds, such as: Short Term Memory (STM) and the Long Term Memory (LTM).
Forgetting is one of the main problems in storing up memories because unlike
computers, human’s mind has this capability to forget information that we receive. But
we need not worry because there have been discovered memory aids (techniques and
strategies) on how we can avoid forgetting as well as how we can retrieve forgotten
memories. The following methods are to be discussed in the next paragraphs.

The first method that can help us retrieve information is the rehearsal which can
be done by repeating information that we have read or heard verbatim. We can also
help ourselves by meaningful learning and organizing. It is through connecting prior
with the new knowledge and other various pieces of information. The other strategies
are, elaboration of ideas, visual imagery or forming a picture of a new information
gathered, generation, context or remembering a situation with relevance to the
information, personalization, serial position effect or remembering the first and the
last, part learning or chunking of information, distributed practice which avoids
cramming of information and mnemonic aids that includes different strategies like
acronyms, sentence construction, peg-word and association.

Learning about these memory aids made me realize that forgetting is inevitable
in human’s minds, especially as we age, but we can fight against it through practicing
the said strategies. Taking care of our health is also one thing that contributes to having
a sharp memory. Aside from that, we must be aware of these memory aids to better
process and remember the information we are receiving. This can also be applied in
teaching and in learning. If we use these strategies in teaching and in learning, we can
make learning last even as the learners progress.