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Closed-circuit television (CCTV), also known as video surveillance.

It will capture video signal and transmit a signal to a specific place or multiple place through
wired or wireless links.
Security and surveillance are the main purpose of CCTV.

When the environment is suitable or not suitable for humans, still we can use CCTV for
security and surveillance.
Main uses are

Crime Prevention, Crime Solving, Traffic flow monitoring, Vehicle traffic, Increase safety and
security in public transport, sporting events, Employee monitoring, Use in schools and private
homes.

Slide-3

Main objective of CCTV camera is capture light and convert it into a video signal.

That is captured light into an electrical signal and then signal processing converts this electrical
signal into a video signal that can be recorded or displayed on the screen.

Slide-4

Dome- commonly used for indoor and outdoor security and surveillance, The shape of the
camera makes it difficult for onlookers to tell which way the camera is facing, which is a strong
piece of design, deterring criminals by creating an air of uncertainty, Simple installation, Water
proof features, etc.

Bullet- Bullet cameras are long and cylindrical in shape and are ideal for outdoor use. Their
strengths lie specifically in applications which require long distance viewing, High quality image
resolution, Compact size, etc.

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PTZ- PTZ – Pan/tilt/zoom – cameras allow the camera to be moved left or right (panning), up and
down (tilting) and even allow the lens to be zoomed closer or farther. These cameras are used in
situations where a live guard or surveillance specialist is there operating the security systems,
Optical zoom, High quality image resolution.

Infrared- One of the best 24 hour surveillance cameras around providing airports, seaports,
boards and many other critical infrastructures with quality images, no matter what time of day it
is. Infrared cameras have small LEDs surrounding the lens to help pick up moving figures in pitch
black. Thermal image cameras can see over long distances, up to 300 metres away, Good in
low-light.

Wireless IP- These cameras share the images across the internet, so CCTV footage can be
easily accessed. Network cameras are ideal for both domestic and commercial purposes
because you can see what’s going on whilst away from the property, Data can be easily
accessed, ideal for homes and companies, less cabling and less maintenance.

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DVR- A digital video recorder (DVR) is an electronic device that records video in a digital format
to a disk drive, USB flash drive, SD memory card, SSD or other local or networked mass
storage device.
DVR systems process the video data at the recorder
DVRs are used with analog cameras
DVR based system is a wired security system
DVR based security systems are priced lower than NVR systems

CO-AXIAL CABLE- The camera connects to the DVR recorder via a coaxial BNC cable. As the
coaxial cable doesn’t provide power to the camera, there are actually two cables included within
one covering – a power and video cable. The cables separate each end to provide the separate
functions. The size and rigidity of coaxial cables can make installation more challenging. The
image quality on coaxial cable will begin to degrade after about 300ft/90m. Lower quality cable
will result in a signal loss at shorter distances.

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Monitor

Workstation

TV

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Analog CCTV system-

Analogue cameras have overall lower quality than IP cameras, but perform better in low light
conditions

Analogue cameras are limited to resolutions

Traditional analogue cameras operate over coax cable
Older analogue cameras cannot be PoE powered
Analogue cameras can send video over twisted-pair cable up to 1.5 kilometres away and up to
300 metres away over coax cable. But analogue transmissions lose clarity with increased
distance and when the signal is converted from one format to another.
Analogue cameras require more cabling than IP cameras
one analogue camera may require three separate cables: power, audio, video.
Analogue cameras are far more vulnerable to security

Analogue security cameras have been around for more than half a century and have a long
history of reliability.

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POE SWITCH- Power-over-Ethernet (PoE) switches provide both DC power and data connectivity
over a single Ethernet wire. These are extremely useful for connecting powered network devices to a
network, as only one cable needs to be run to the device, as opposed to separate cables for data and
for power.
NON-POE SWITCH- non-PoE switch is a switch that provides network connectivity only, and does not
supply DC power to connected devices.

These switches are suitable when there are a large number of non-powered network devices on the
network, such as PCs and laptops

NVR- NVR stands for Network Video Recorder

NVR systems encode and process the video data at the camera, then stream it to the NVR
recorder which is used for storage and remote viewing.
Most NVRs are used with IP cameras
NVR systems can be a wired or wireless system

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TV

WORKSTATION

CAT-6- Ethernet cable powers the camera using Power over Ethernet (PoE), which means your
camera needs one cable running to capture video, audio, and power the camera. Ethernet cable
tends to be easier to route and terminate. Ethernet is cheaper than coaxial cable and much more
readily available. Many modern homes and businesses are being built wired for Ethernet, making
installation even easier.

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SOFTWARE

HARD DISK

MODEM - modem lets you connect to the internet, A modem is your gateway to the web, word
modem is a combination of the words “modulation” and “demodulation, It modulates (or encodes)
information from a transmitter, then demodulates (or decodes) data from the receiver.

ROUTER- router distributes that connection to different devices, a router is a central hub for your
devices. A router is a networking device that distributes (or routes) your internet connection from
your modem to all of your devices, such as mobile phones, laptops, desktop computers, and
smart TVs. This enables them all to connect to the internet at the same time.

SERVER- A server is a software or hardware device that accepts and responds to requests made
over a network. The device that makes the request, and receives a response from the server, is
called a client. On the Internet, the term "server" commonly refers to the computer system that
receives requests for a web files and sends those files to the client

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IP CCTV SYSTEM-
IP cameras provide overall higher video quality than analogue cameras
IP cameras offer resolutions that can range from 1.3 megapixels to 5 megapixels
IP cameras also work over twisted-pair, coax cable, and with wireless connections
IP cameras is that they can be powered over the twisted-pair Ethernet cable
Wireless IP camera network connections can be a very practical solution
IP cameras can send digital video 100 metres over twisted-pair Ethernet cable and unlimited
distances over IP networks

IP cameras offer network intelligence and remote manageability

IP cameras can accept power, video, audio, PTZ control, and control signals over a single cable.
IP camera systems are thought to be more expensive