Self-Leadership Kit

CLN 9
revised self-leadership questionnaire

BUSM4134: Leading People and Organizations
Session 3: 2011 - 2012

RSLQ [revised self-leadership questionnaire: rate honestly in sequential order from 1 (strongly disagree)
to 9 (strongly agree)]
1. I use my imagination to picture myself performing well on important tasks.
2. I establish specific goals for my own performance.
3. Sometimes I find I’m talking to myself (out loud or in my head) to help me deal with difficult
problems I face.
4. When I do an assignment especially well, I like to treat myself to some thing or activity I
especially enjoy.
5. I think about my own beliefs and assumptions whenever I encounter a difficult situation.
6. I tend to get down on myself in my mind when I have performed poorly.
7. I make a point to keep track of how well I’m doing at work (school).
8. I focus my thinking on the pleasant rather than the unpleasant aspects of my job activities.
9. I use written notes to remind myself of what I need to accomplish.
10. I visualize myself successfully performing a task before I do it.
11. I consciously have goals in mind for my work efforts.
12. Sometimes I talk to myself (out loud or in my head) to work through difficult situations.
13. When I do something well, I reward myself with a special event such as a good dinner, movie,
shopping trip, etc.
14. I try to mentally evaluate the accuracy of my own beliefs about situations I am having problems
with.
15. I tend to be tough on myself in my thinking when I have not done well on a task.
16. I usually am aware of how well I’m doing as I perform an activity.
17. I try to surround myself with objects and people that bring out my desirable behaviours.
18. I use concrete reminders (e.g., notes and lists) to help me focus on things I need to accomplish.
19. Sometimes I picture in my mind a successful performance before I actually do a task.
20. I work toward specific goals I have set for myself.
21. When I’m in difficult situations I will sometimes talk to myself (out loud or in my head) to help me
get through it.
22. When I have successfully completed a task, I often reward myself with something I like.
23. I openly articulate and evaluate my own assumptions when I have a disagreement with someone
else.
Joseph Rega
24. I feel guilt when I perform a task poorly.
25. I pay attention to how well I’m doing in my work.
26. When I have a choice, I try to do my work in ways that I enjoy rather than just trying to get it over
with.
27. I purposefully visualize myself overcoming the challenges I face.
28. I think about the goals that I intend to achieve in the future.
29. I think about and evaluate the beliefs and assumptions I hold.
30. I sometimes openly express displeasure with myself when I have not done well.
31. I keep track of my progress on projects I’m working on.
32. I seek out activities in my work that I enjoy doing.
33. I often mentally rehearse the way I plan to deal with a challenge before I actually face the
challenge.
34. I write specific goals for my own performance.
35. I find my own favourite ways to get things done.
RSLQ [revised self-leadership questionnaire Neck and Houghton (2002)]
Joseph Rega
Joseph Rega
How to improve self leadership

performance
To be read in conjunction with your own self-assessment by the nine interpretable factors
Keep practicing 90% >

Greater effort required 70% - 89%
Challenge yourself < 69%
BUSM4134: Leading People and Organizations
Session 3: 2011 - 2012
You are encouraged to review self-leadership evaluation following three months of concerted behavioral and constructive thought practice
Note that the RSLQ scale items 1 to 35 are not sequential by factor or by strategy, rather the RSLQ seeks an overall holistic response through a rotation (mantra) method
How to improve self leadership performance Joseph Rega 1
using Neck and Houghton’s Revised Self
Leadership Questionnaire
Self Factor 1:
Item
Leadership Theoretical Context Motivation Tools Outcome
Strategy Visualizing successful performance
Operates under social 1 I use my imagination to picture myself performing well Monitor development by Continuing practice
cognitive theory that on important tasks. envisioning and leads to patterns of
stresses self-reactive visualizing enthusiastic habitual thinking which
Constructive Thought
influences of satisfaction 10 I visualize myself successfully performing a task before I outcomes prior to actual increases development
and self-efficacy in the do it. performance through of mental performance,
development of higher the use of mental positive affect or
performance levels. Also 19 Sometimes I picture in my mind a successful imagery and symbols decreased negative
operates under intrinsic performance before I actually do a task. (or imaginary practice, affect (nervousness),
motivation theory, which covert rehearsal, job satisfaction, self-
contends that individuals 27 I purposefully visualize myself overcoming the symbolic rehearsal, and efficacy, creativity and
will seek to find and challenges I face. mental practice), and by innovation and
overcome challenges in an engendering autonomy psychological
effort to increase feelings and subjective well- empowerment.
33 I often mentally rehearse the way I plan to deal with a
of competence and self- being.
challenge before I actually face the challenge.
determination.
Self Factor 2:
Item

Self-goal setting
Strategy
Operates under self- 2 I establish specific goals for my own performance. Monitor development by Continuing practice
regulation theory shaping setting challenging motivates individual
behavior whereby goal goals, enabling yourself performance, self-
perception becomes more 11 I consciously have goals in mind for my work efforts. what is required to control and establishes
Behavior Focused
comfortable in terms of succeed, fostering commitment,

performance-related feelings of self- independence, and
expectancies. Also 20 I work toward specific goals I have set for myself. determination and psychological
operates under self- competence and taking empowerment and
management and self- ownership over tasks builds trust and team
control theory, which 28 I think about the goals that I intend to achieve in the and by encouraging potency within a team
assists in managing future. positive, desirable of self-leaders.
extrinsic behavior. behaviors, while
suppressing negative
34 I write specific goals for my own performance.
behaviors.
Note that the RSLQ scale items 1 to 35 are not sequential by factor or by strategy, rather the RSLQ seeks an overall holistic response through a rotation method
Self Factor 3:
Item
Strategy Self-talk
Operates under self- 3 Sometimes I find I’m talking to myself (out loud or in my Monitor development by Continuing practice
regulation theory shaping head) to help me deal with difficult problems I face. evaluating covert leads to patterns of
behaviour whereby goal patterns and mentally habitual thinking which
perception becomes more 12 Sometimes I talk to myself (out loud or in my head) to react against negative increases development
comfortable in terms of work through difficult situations. thoughts by fostering of mental performance,
performance-related and encouraging positive affect or
expectancies. Also 21 When I’m in difficult situations I will sometimes talk to optimistic self- decreased negative
operates under self- myself (out loud or in my head) to help me get through dialogues, and by affect (nervousness),
management and self- it. engendering autonomy job satisfaction, self-
control theory, which and subjective well- efficacy, creativity and
assists in managing being. innovation and
behavior. psychological
empowerment.
Self Factor 4:
Item

Strategy Self-reward
Operates under self- 4 When I do an assignment especially well, I like to treat Monitor development by Continuing practice
regulation theory shaping myself to some thing or activity I especially enjoy. extrinsic reinforcing of motivates individual
behavior whereby goal goal attainment whether performance, self-
Behavior Focused
perception becomes more 13 When I do something well, I reward myself with a tangible or abstract, control and establishes
comfortable in terms of special event such as a good dinner, movie, shopping and by developing commitment,
performance-related trip, etc. reward systems foster independence, and
expectancies. Also feelings of self- psychological
operates under self- 22 When I have successfully completed a task, I often determination and empowerment and
management and self- reward myself with something I like. competence and builds trust and team
control theory, which encouraging positive, potency within a team
assists in managing desirable behaviors, of self-leaders.
extrinsic behavior. while suppressing
negative behaviors.
Self Factor 5:
Item
Strategy Evaluating beliefs and assumptions
Operates under social 5 I think about my own beliefs and assumptions whenever Monitor development by Continuing practice
cognitive theory that I encounter a difficult situation. challenging irrationals, leads to patterns of
stresses self-reactive triggered by stressful or habitual thinking which
influences of satisfaction 14 I try to mentally evaluate the accuracy of my own beliefs troubling situations, with increases development
and self-efficacy in the about situations I am having problems with. more rational ones and of mental performance,
development of higher engendering autonomy positive affect or
performance levels. Also 23 I openly articulate and evaluate my own assumptions and subjective well- decreased negative
operates under intrinsic when I have a disagreement with someone else. being. affect (nervousness),
motivation theory, which self-efficacy and
contends that individuals 29 I think about and evaluate the beliefs and assumptions I psychological
will seek to find and hold. empowerment.
overcome challenges in an
effort to increase feelings
of competence and self-
determination.
Self Factor 6:
Item

Self-punishment
Strategy
Operates under self- 6 I tend to get down on myself in my mind when I have Monitor development Continuing practice
regulation theory shaping performed poorly. when applying concern motivates individual
behavior whereby goal on performance failure performance, self-
perception becomes more 15 I tend to be tough on myself in my thinking when I have by self-correcting control and establishes
Behavior Focused
comfortable in terms of not done well on a task. through an introspective commitment and
performance-related yet positively framed independence and
expectancies. Also 24 I feel guilt when I perform a task poorly. examination of negative builds trust and team
operates under self- behaviors. Do not potency within a team
management and self- disregard risk taking of self-leaders.
control theory, which 30 I sometimes openly express displeasure with myself and learning from
assists in managing when I have not done well. mistakes and
extrinsic behavior. successes.
Self Factor 7:
Item
Self-observation
Strategy
Operates under self- 7 I make a point to keep track of how well I’m doing at Monitor development by Continuing practice
regulation theory shaping work. challenging goal motivates individual
behavior whereby goal awareness of when and performance, self-
perception becomes more 16 I usually am aware of how well I’m doing as I perform an why one engages in control and establishes
Behavior Focused
comfortable in terms of activity. certain behaviors, commitment,

performance-related fostering feelings of independence, and
expectancies. Also 25 I pay attention to how well I’m doing in my work. self-determination and psychological
operates under self- competence and by empowerment and
management and self- encouraging positive, builds trust and team
control theory, which 31 I keep track of my progress on projects I’m working on. desirable behaviors, potency within a team
assists in managing while suppressing of self-leaders.
extrinsic behavior. negative behaviors.
Self Factor 8:
Item
Strategy Focusing on natural rewards
Operates under intrinsic
8 I focus my thinking on the pleasant rather than the Monitor development by Continuing practice
motivation theory, which
unpleasant aspects of my job activities. creating situations leads to self-control and
contends that individuals
focusing thoughts on purpose, positive
will seek to find and
17 I try to surround myself with objects and people that building intrinsic affect or decreased
overcome challenges in an
Natural Rewards
bring out my desirable behaviours. incentives and more negative affect

effort to increase feelings
pleasant and enjoyable (nervousness), job
of competence and self-
26 When I have a choice, I try to do my work in ways that I features into the task satisfaction, creativity
determination.
enjoy rather than just trying to get it over with. itself. and innovation and
psychological
32 I seek out activities in my work that I enjoy doing. empowerment.
35 I find my own favourite ways to get things done.
Self Factor 9:
Item

Self-cueing
Strategy
Operates under self- 9 I use written notes to remind myself of what I need to Monitor development by Continuing practice
regulation theory shaping accomplish. the rehearsal or motivates individual
behavior whereby goal practice of desired performance, self-
perception becomes more 18 I use concrete reminders (e.g., notes and lists) to help behaviors before actual control and establishes
Behavior Focused
comfortable in terms of me focus on things I need to accomplish. performance avoiding commitment and
performance-related costly miscues and by independence.
expectancies. Also encouraging positive,
operates under self- desirable behaviors.
management and self-
control theory, which
assists in managing
extrinsic behavior.
Figure 1. A model of self-leadership theoretical contexts and performance mechanisms (Neck & Houghton 2006).
References
Manz, CC & Neck, CP 2004, Mastering self-leadership: empowering yourself for personal excellence, 2nd edn, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
Neck, C & Houghton, J 2006, ‘Two decades of self-leadership theory and research’, Journal of Managerial Psychology, Vol. 21, No. 4, pp. 270-295.
Neck, C & Houghton, J 2002, ‘The revised self-leadership questionnaire: testing a hierarchical factor structure for self-leadership’, Journal of Managerial Psychology,
Vol. 17, No. 8, pp. 672-691.
Max %
Max Score
Value Value
Neck and Houghton's RSLQ (revised self-leadership Score Value Revalued
Max Factor Adjusted Adjusted Actual Actual
questionnaire): rate honestly in sequential order from 1 (strongly after Adjusted reflecting
Score Loading Max Factor Score
disagree) to 9 (strongly agree) Factor Score % score Merit of
Score Loading
Loading Scale
Item
1. I use my imagination to picture myself performing well on

important tasks.
9 0.763 6.867 5.867 0.652 9 5.867 85% 85%
2. I establish specific goals for my own performance. 9 0.737 6.633 5.633 0.626 9 5.633 85% 85%
3. Sometimes I find I’m talking to myself (out loud or in my

head) to help me deal with difficult problems I face.
9 0.907 8.163 7.163 0.796 9 7.163 88% 88%
4. When I do an assignment especially well, I like to treat

myself to some thing or activity I especially enjoy.
9 0.908 8.172 7.172 0.797 9 7.172 88% 88%
5. I think about my own beliefs and assumptions whenever I

encounter a difficult situation.
9 0.790 7.110 6.110 0.679 9 6.110 86% 86%
6. I tend to get down on myself in my mind when I have

performed poorly.
9 0.839 7.551 6.551 0.728 9 6.551 87% 87%
7. I make a point to keep track of how well I’m doing at work. 9 0.761 6.849 5.849 0.650 9 5.849 85% 85%
8. I focus my thinking on the pleasant rather than the

unpleasant aspects of my job activities.
9 0.490 4.410 3.410 0.379 9 3.410 77% 77%
9. I use written notes to remind myself of what I need to

accomplish.
9 0.919 8.271 7.271 0.808 9 7.271 88% 88%
10. I visualize myself successfully performing a task before I do

it.
9 0.815 7.335 6.335 0.704 9 6.335 86% 86%
11. I consciously have goals in mind for my work efforts. 9 0.690 6.210 5.210 0.579 9 5.210 84% 84%
12. Sometimes I talk to myself (out loud or in my head) to work

through difficult situations.
9 0.909 8.181 7.181 0.798 9 7.181 88% 88%
13. When I do something well, I reward myself with a special

event such as a good dinner, movie, shopping trip, etc.
9 0.908 8.172 7.172 0.797 9 7.172 88% 88%
Max %
Max Score
Value Value
Score Loading
Loading Scale
Item
14. I try to mentally evaluate the accuracy of my own beliefs

about situations I am having problems with.
9 0.757 6.813 5.813 0.646 9 5.813 85% 85%
15. I tend to be tough on myself in my thinking when I have not

done well on a task.
9 0.857 7.713 6.713 0.746 9 6.713 87% 87%
16. I usually am aware of how well I’m doing as I perform an

activity.
9 0.698 6.282 5.282 0.587 9 5.282 84% 84%
17. I try to surround myself with objects and people that bring
out my desirable behaviours.
9 0.367 3.303 2.303 0.256 9 2.303 70% 70%
18. I use concrete reminders (e.g., notes and lists) to help me

focus on things I need to accomplish.
9 0.897 8.073 7.073 0.786 9 7.073 88% 88%
19. Sometimes I picture in my mind a successful performance

before I actually do a task.
9 0.814 7.326 6.326 0.703 9 6.326 86% 86%
20. I work toward specific goals I have set for myself. 9 0.767 6.903 5.903 0.656 9 5.903 86% 86%
21. When I’m in difficult situations I will sometimes talk to myself

(out loud or in my head) to help me get through it.
9 0.853 7.677 6.677 0.742 9 6.677 87% 87%
22. When I have successfully completed a task, I often reward

myself with something I like.
9 0.909 8.181 7.181 0.798 9 7.181 88% 88%
23. I openly articulate and evaluate my own assumptions when

I have a disagreement with someone else.
9 0.618 5.562 4.562 0.507 9 4.562 82% 82%
24. I feel guilt when I perform a task poorly. 9 0.791 7.119 6.119 0.680 9 6.119 86% 86%
25. I pay attention to how well I’m doing in my work. 9 0.663 5.967 4.967 0.552 9 4.967 83% 83%
26. When I have a choice, I try to do my work in ways that I

enjoy rather than just trying to get it over with.
9 0.765 6.885 5.885 0.654 9 5.885 85% 85%
Max %
Max Score
Value Value
Score Loading
Loading Scale
Item
27. I purposefully visualize myself overcoming the challenges I

face.
9 0.686 6.174 5.174 0.575 9 5.174 84% 84%
28. I think about the goals that I intend to achieve in the future. 9 0.667 6.003 5.003 0.556 9 5.003 83% 83%
29. I think about and evaluate the beliefs and assumptions I

hold.
9 0.650 5.850 4.850 0.539 9 4.850 83% 83%
30. I sometimes openly express displeasure with myself when I

have not done well.
9 0.783 7.047 6.047 0.672 9 6.047 86% 86%
31. I keep track of my progress on projects I’m working on. 9 0.541 4.869 3.869 0.430 9 3.869 79% 79%
32. I seek out activities in my work that I enjoy doing. 9 0.711 6.399 5.399 0.600 9 5.399 84% 84%
33. I often mentally rehearse the way I plan to deal with a

9 0.512 4.608 3.608 0.401 9 3.608 78% 78%
34. I write specific goals for my own performance. 9 0.567 5.103 4.103 0.456 9 4.103 80% 80%
35. I find my own favourite ways to get things done. 9 0.727 6.543 5.543 0.616 9 5.543 85% 85%
adjusted score / max score after factor loading = actual score ( % ) 315 26.036 234.324 199.324 22.147 315 199.324 85% 85%
adjusted actual score over 100 % = actual score / max 100%

score
Max %
Max Score
Value Value
Score Loading Max Factor Score % score Merit of
disagree) to 9 (strongly agree) Factor Score
Score Loading
Loading Scale
Item
Factor 1: Visualizing successful performance

1. I use my imagination to picture myself performing well on
important tasks.
9 0.763 6.867 5.867 0.652 9 5.867 85% 85%
10. I visualize myself successfully performing a task before I do

it.
9 0.815 7.335 6.335 0.704 9 6.335 86% 86%
19. Sometimes I picture in my mind a successful performance

before I actually do a task.
9 0.814 7.326 6.326 0.703 9 6.326 86% 86%
27. I purposefully visualize myself overcoming the challenges I

face.
9 0.686 6.174 5.174 0.575 9 5.174 84% 84%
33. I often mentally rehearse the way I plan to deal with a

9 0.512 4.608 3.608 0.401 9 3.608 78% 78%

score
Max %
Max Score
Value Value
Score Loading
Loading Scale
Item
Factor 2: Self-goal setting
2. I establish specific goals for my own performance. 9 0.737 6.633 5.633 0.626 9 5.633 85% 85%
11. I consciously have goals in mind for my work efforts. 9 0.690 6.210 5.210 0.579 9 5.210 84% 84%
20. I work toward specific goals I have set for myself. 9 0.767 6.903 5.903 0.656 9 5.903 86% 86%
28. I think about the goals that I intend to achieve in the future. 9 0.667 6.003 5.003 0.556 9 5.003 83% 83%
34. I write specific goals for my own performance. 9 0.567 5.103 4.103 0.456 9 4.103 80% 80%

score
Max %
Max Score
Value Value
Score Loading
Loading Scale
Item
Factor 3: Self-talk
3. Sometimes I find I’m talking to myself (out loud or in my
head) to help me deal with difficult problems I face.
9 0.907 8.163 7.163 0.796 9 7.163 88% 88%
12. Sometimes I talk to myself (out loud or in my head) to work

through difficult situations.
9 0.909 8.181 7.181 0.798 9 7.181 88% 88%
21. When I’m in difficult situations I will sometimes talk to myself

(out loud or in my head) to help me get through it.
9 0.853 7.677 6.677 0.742 9 6.677 87% 87%

score
Factor 4: Self-reward
4. When I do an assignment especially well, I like to treat
myself to some thing or activity I especially enjoy.
9 0.908 8.172 7.172 0.797 9 7.172 88% 88%
13. When I do something well, I reward myself with a special

event such as a good dinner, movie, shopping trip, etc.
9 0.908 8.172 7.172 0.797 9 7.172 88% 88%
22. When I have successfully completed a task, I often reward

myself with something I like.
9 0.909 8.181 7.181 0.798 9 7.181 88% 88%
adjusted actual score over 100 % = actual score / max

100%
score
Max %
Max Score
Value Value
Score Loading
Loading Scale
Item
Factor 5: Evaluating beliefs and assumptions

5. I think about my own beliefs and assumptions whenever I
encounter a difficult situation.
9 0.790 7.110 6.110 0.679 9 6.110 86% 86%
14. I try to mentally evaluate the accuracy of my own beliefs

about situations I am having problems with.
9 0.757 6.813 5.813 0.646 9 5.813 85% 85%
23. I openly articulate and evaluate my own assumptions when

I have a disagreement with someone else.
9 0.618 5.562 4.562 0.507 9 4.562 82% 82%
29. I think about and evaluate the beliefs and assumptions I

hold.
9 0.650 5.850 4.850 0.539 9 4.850 83% 83%

score
Max %
Max Score
Value Value
Score Loading
Loading Scale
Item
Factor 6: Self-punishment
6. I tend to get down on myself in my mind when I have
performed poorly.
9 0.839 7.551 6.551 0.728 9 6.551 87% 87%
15. I tend to be tough on myself in my thinking when I have not

done well on a task.
9 0.857 7.713 6.713 0.746 9 6.713 87% 87%
24. I feel guilt when I perform a task poorly. 9 0.791 7.119 6.119 0.680 9 6.119 86% 86%
30. I sometimes openly express displeasure with myself when I

have not done well.
9 0.783 7.047 6.047 0.672 9 6.047 86% 86%

score
Max %
Max Score
Value Value
Score Loading
Loading Scale
Item
Factor 7: Self-observation
7. I make a point to keep track of how well I’m doing at work. 9 0.761 6.849 5.849 0.650 9 5.849 85% 85%
16. I usually am aware of how well I’m doing as I perform an

activity.
9 0.698 6.282 5.282 0.587 9 5.282 84% 84%
25. I pay attention to how well I’m doing in my work. 9 0.663 5.967 4.967 0.552 9 4.967 83% 83%
31. I keep track of my progress on projects I’m working on. 9 0.541 4.869 3.869 0.430 9 3.869 79% 79%

score
Max %
Max Score
Value Value
Score Loading
Loading Scale
Item
Factor 8: Focusing on natural rewards

8. I focus my thinking on the pleasant rather than the
unpleasant aspects of my job activities.
9 0.490 4.410 3.410 0.379 9 3.410 77% 77%
17. I try to surround myself with objects and people that bring
out my desirable behaviours.
9 0.367 3.303 2.303 0.256 9 2.303 70% 70%
26. When I have a choice, I try to do my work in ways that I

enjoy rather than just trying to get it over with.
9 0.765 6.885 5.885 0.654 9 5.885 85% 85%
32. I seek out activities in my work that I enjoy doing. 9 0.711 6.399 5.399 0.600 9 5.399 84% 84%
35. I find my own favourite ways to get things done. 9 0.727 6.543 5.543 0.616 9 5.543 85% 85%

score
Factor 9: Self-cueing
9. I use written notes to remind myself of what I need to
accomplish.
9 0.919 8.271 7.271 0.808 9 7.271 88% 88%
18. I use concrete reminders (e.g., notes and lists) to help me

focus on things I need to accomplish.
9 0.897 8.073 7.073 0.786 9 7.073 88% 88%

score

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CLN 9

revised self-leadership questionnaire

Session 3: 2011 - 2012

1. I use my imagination to picture myself performing well on important tasks.

2. I establish specific goals for my own performance.

6. I tend to get down on myself in my mind when I have performed poorly.

9. I use written notes to remind myself of what I need to accomplish.

10. I visualize myself successfully performing a task before I do it.

11. I consciously have goals in mind for my work efforts.

16. I usually am aware of how well I’m doing as I perform an activity.

19. Sometimes I picture in my mind a successful performance before I actually do a task.

20. I work toward specific goals I have set for myself.

25. I pay attention to how well I’m doing in my work.

27. I purposefully visualize myself overcoming the challenges I face.

31. I keep track of my progress on projects I’m working on.

32. I seek out activities in my work that I enjoy doing.

34. I write specific goals for my own performance.

35. I find my own favourite ways to get things done.

RSLQ [revised self-leadership questionnaire Neck and Houghton (2002)]

How to improve self leadership

Keep practicing 90% >

BUSM4134: Leading People and Organizations

Session 3: 2011 - 2012

Leadership Theoretical Context Motivation Tools Outcome

comfortable in terms of succeed, fostering commitment,

Leadership Theoretical Context Motivation Tools Outcome

Leadership Theoretical Context Motivation Tools Outcome

comfortable in terms of activity. certain behaviors, commitment,

bring out my desirable behaviours. incentives and more negative affect

35 I find my own favourite ways to get things done.

Leadership Theoretical Context Motivation Tools Outcome

1. I use my imagination to picture myself performing well on

3. Sometimes I find I’m talking to myself (out loud or in my

4. When I do an assignment especially well, I like to treat

5. I think about my own beliefs and assumptions whenever I

6. I tend to get down on myself in my mind when I have

8. I focus my thinking on the pleasant rather than the

9. I use written notes to remind myself of what I need to

10. I visualize myself successfully performing a task before I do

12. Sometimes I talk to myself (out loud or in my head) to work

13. When I do something well, I reward myself with a special

14. I try to mentally evaluate the accuracy of my own beliefs

15. I tend to be tough on myself in my thinking when I have not

16. I usually am aware of how well I’m doing as I perform an

18. I use concrete reminders (e.g., notes and lists) to help me

19. Sometimes I picture in my mind a successful performance

21. When I’m in difficult situations I will sometimes talk to myself

22. When I have successfully completed a task, I often reward

23. I openly articulate and evaluate my own assumptions when

26. When I have a choice, I try to do my work in ways that I

27. I purposefully visualize myself overcoming the challenges I

29. I think about and evaluate the beliefs and assumptions I

30. I sometimes openly express displeasure with myself when I

33. I often mentally rehearse the way I plan to deal with a

adjusted actual score over 100 % = actual score / max 100%

Factor 1: Visualizing successful performance

10. I visualize myself successfully performing a task before I do

19. Sometimes I picture in my mind a successful performance

27. I purposefully visualize myself overcoming the challenges I

33. I often mentally rehearse the way I plan to deal with a

adjusted actual score over 100 % = actual score / max 100%

Factor 2: Self-goal setting

adjusted actual score over 100 % = actual score / max 100%