2110017- ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS WORKSHOP

EXPERIMENT NO – 01

TO MEASURE VOLTAGE, CURRENT AND POWER AND TO CALCULATE

POWER FACTOR OF SINGLE PHASE CIRCUIT

Aim : To measure voltage, current and power and to calculate power factor for single
phase circuit.

Objectives of experiment:

In electrical engineering current and voltage are having the main role in operation of
any circuit. Before getting into complexity of measuring some basic knowledge is must about
measurement of fundamental quantities. So, in this experiment measurement of basic
quantities like voltage, current and power are done and power factor is also to be calculated
to understand the effect of change in load or type of load on power factor.

Apparatus:

• Single phase variac (0.230 V, 10 A)

• Voltmeter (0-230 V)
• Ammeter (0-10 A)
• Wattmeter (0-750 W)
• Lamp Load (0-10 A)
• Inductive load(1-phase,10A)

Introduction of apparatus:

In electrical engineering voltage and currents are basic parameters for any circuit.
Single phase variac is basically an auto-transformer, which is used to vary supply voltage
between 0 to230 V. Voltmeter is connected in parallel to measure voltage. The coil of
voltmeter is having maximum resistance, which will not allow current to pass through it for
proper measurement of voltage. Ammeter is connected in series to measure current. The
coil of ammeter is having minimum resistance, due to which current can easily pass through
it for measurement purpose. Wattmeter is used for measurement of power. Wattmeter is
having two coils inside. One is current coil (CC) and other is pressure coil (PC). Lamp load
is basically resistive load. But practically it is not pure resistive. So, power factor may not be
unity practically. Connect choke coil to make the load as inductive load in series with lamp
load.

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Theory:

In single phase ac circuit, equation of power can be written as under:

P=V*I*COSØ .........................(1)
Where,

P = Power in Watt
V= Voltage in Volt
I= Current in Ampere
COSØ = Power factor

If circuit is purely resistive, the power factor is unity and the equation (1) can be
written as under:
P=V*I .........................(2)

Circuit Diagram:

Procedure:

Connect the circuit as shown in circuit diagram. Ensure that the variable is on zero
position.

Switch on supply keeping the lamp board in OFF position, which will keep the
current at zero.

Increase the supply voltage with variac up to 220 V.

Now, switch ON any one switch of the lamp board. The current flow is initiated in the
circuit.

Note the reading of Ammeter, Voltmeter and Wattmeter.

Repeat the whole procedure for remaining switches of lamp load.

Calculate the power factor.

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Observation table:

Sr. Supply Current Measured Calculated

No. Voltage I(Ampere) Power Power factor
V(Volts) W(watts) COSØ=P/(V*I)
1
2
3
4
5

Calculation:

Conclusion:

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