Content

Introduction .......................................................................................................... 2
1. Basic objects geometry ................................................................................. 3
2. Main drawing commands ............................................................................... 3
3. Objects properties .......................................................................................... 53
4. Auxiliary tools. ................................................................................................ 67
Bibliographic referencess ................................................................................... 79
Document control .................................................................................................. 79
Introduction

With this learning material the apprentice will be able to find needed information to
continue with the construction of his/her knowledge about commands and used
tools in AutoCAD 2D to make drawing projects adapted to the required design.
Within the topics you will find the description of the basic design entities, the
handling, the geometry and the objects properties, which implies understanding
the information of each of them, in accordance to terms of its functionality and
execution requirements.
 1. Basic objects geometry

A project design requires the intervention and combination of entities like lines,
circles, texts and many more. That's why the management of these entities has a
great importance in the drawing results, since in the union of the simple objects,
the construction of pieces and complex projects is achieved.

The knowledge and the tools management will be the beginning of an outstanding
result when simple objects are being made.

2. Main drawing commands

They are located in the tool bar "Home", at the top of the interface, it can be
accessed in a fast way from the established drawing commands to get access to
other required entities in the design execution process:
Drop down tab of Draw tools

The most required tools in design are:

2.1 LINE

Create a series of contiguous line

segments. Each segment is a line object
that can be edited separately.

The following prompts are displayed.

Specify first point: Sets the starting point
for the line. Click a point location. With
object snaps or grid snap turned on, the
points will be placed precisely. You can
also enter coordinates. If instead, you press
Enter at the prompt, a new line starts from
the endpoint of the most recently created
line, polyline, or arc. If the most recently
created object is an arc, its endpoint
defines the starting point of the line. The
line is tangent to the arc.
Specify next point: Specifies the endpoint
of the line segment. You can also use polar
and object snap tracking together with
direct distance entry.

Close: Connects the first and last segments

Example of usage:

Select the line tool with any of the methods:

By Icon, when typing the command name
or in the menu by its abbreviation (L), then
click ENTER.

To generate the drawing, specify the

starting point typing the coordinates 0,0 on
the keyboard.

With the ORTHO option the drawn lines will

facilitate the displacement in the axes X Y.
Note: this does not mean that lines with a
different angle can't be drawn.
Moving the cursor to the required direction,
the values requested by the design will be
included. To give an example, a rectangle
of dimensions 100mm will be made,
starting with the Y axis (positive, up), the
first value of 100 mm and the key ENTER.

Moving the cursor on the X axis (positive,

right), enter the value of 100mm again and
the ENTER key.

Moving the cursor on the Y axis (negative,

down), enter the value of 100mm again
and the ENTER key.
Type C and press Enter key, to close the
drawing.

Result:

Exercise:
With the command LINE make the following drawing.
Note: the letters are symmetrical
2.2 PLINE.

Creates a 2D polyline, a single object that is

composed of line and arc segments.
The following prompts are displayed.
Specify start point: Sets the starting point
for the polyline.
 A temporary plus-shaped marker
displays at the first point.
 Pressing Enter starts a new polyline
from the last endpoint specified in
creating a polyline, line, or arc.
Specify next point: If you specify a second
point, you create straight segments.
 If you enter a (for Arc), you create arc
segments.
Halfwidth: Specifies the width from the
center of a wide segment to an edge.

Width: Specifies the width of the next

segment.

Some things to keep in mind when defining

the half-width or width of a polyline.
 The starting width becomes the default
ending width.
 The ending width becomes the uniform
width for all subsequent segments until
you change the width again.
 The starting and ending points of wide
line segments are at the centerline of
the segment.
Typically, the intersections of adjacent
wide polyline segments are beveled.
 No beveling is performed for
nontangent arc segments, very
acute angles, or when a dot-dash
linetype is used.

Line-Only Prompts
Arc: Begins creating arc segments tangent
to the previous segment.
Length: Creates a segment of a specified
length at the same angle as the previous
segment. If the previous segment is an arc,
the new line segment is tangent to that arc
segment.

Arc-Only Prompts
 Endpoint of arc: Completes an arc
segment. The arc segment is tangent to
the previous segment of the polyline.
 Angle: Specifies the included angle of
the arc segment from the start point.
Entering a positive number creates
counterclockwise arc segments. Entering a
negative number creates clockwise arc
segments.
Center: Specifies an arc segment based on
its center point.
Note: For the Center option of the PLINE
command, enter ce; for the Center object
snap, enter cen or center.

Linetype Pattern: The PLINEGEN system

variable controls how linetype patterns
generate around the vertices of a 2D
polyline.
 0 Generates linetypes that start and
end with a dash at each vertex of the
polyline
 1 Generates linetypes in an
uninterrupted pattern through the
vertices of the polyline

Example of usage:
Select the polyline tool with any of the
methods: by the icon, by writing the name
in the command line or within the menu by
its abbreviation (PL).

To generate the drawing, specify the

starting point typing the coordinates (0,0)
on the keyboard.

For the length use: It is necessary to write

the rest of the coordinates as follows:
1) 0,100
2) 100,100
3) 100,0
4) 0,0
Having as a result a rectangle drawn up
with a single line and it is recognized as a
single object too, unlike the previous
example where four lines were used to
make the same rectangle.
This command has other characteristics
like: arc, medium width, length, back
and width.
The command with the abbreviation PL
is selected.

To generate the drawing, specify the

starting point when typing the coordinates
0,0 on the keyboard.

To use the characteristics of the Arc: to

handle ARC characteristics, the letter A
must be written.
This enables different options to manage
the arc command like: angle, center,
direction, half width, line, radius, second
point , undo and width.

For the example, the arc radius is selected

with the command (R) giving the value of
200 and pressing the ENTER key
And an angle of 45 º , then press the
ENTER key.

For the use of the width characteristics: to

handle the WIDTH of the polyline, the letter
W must be written.

It is necessary to specify the initial width for

which the value 0 must be given.

Specify the final width for which the value

50 must be given, which will generate the
contiguous graphic
Exercise:
With lines and arcs based on the polyline tool make the following drawing, The
letter is symmetric

2.3 CIRCLE

Creates a circle.
The following prompts are displayed.
Center Point: Creates a circle based on a
center point and a radius or diameter value.
Radius: Enter a value, or specify a point.
Diameter: Enter a value, or specify a
second point.

3P (Three Points): Creates a circle based

on three points on the circumference.

Tan, Tan, Tan: Creates a circle tangent to

three objects.

2P (Two Points): Creates a circle based on

two endpoints of the diameter.
TTR (Tangent, Tangent, Radius): Creates
a circle with a specified radius and tangent
to two objects.
Sometimes more than one circle matches
the specified criteria. The program draws
the circle of the specified radius whose
tangent points are closest to the selected
points.

Example of usage:

Select the Circle tool with any of the

methods: by icon, by writing the name of
the command or within the menu by its
abbreviation (C), then press ENTER key.

To generate the drawing, specify the

starting point typing the coordinates 0,0 on
the keyboard.
The new requirement is the diameter. Give
a value of 100 mm.

The option 3P must be chosen to use

baselines for drawing If the circle is
required to pass through three different
points

It is necessary to select the three points for

the circle to pass: Click on the grips that
are shown as the small green boxes. It will
give as a result the required circle

Exercise:
Use circles to make the following symmetrical drawing
2.4 ARC

To create an arc, you can specify

combinations of center, endpoint, start point,
radius, angle, chord length, and direction
values. Arcs are drawn in a counterclockwise
direction by default. Hold down the Ctrl key
as you drag to draw in a clockwise direction.
Center: Starts by specifying the center of the
circle of which the arc is a part.
Start point: Specify the start point of the arc.
End point: Using the center point (2), draws
an arc counterclockwise from the start point
(1) to an endpoint that falls on an imaginary
ray drawn from the center point through the
third point (3).
The arc does not necessarily pass through
this third point, as shown in the illustration.

Chord length: Draws either a minor or a

major arc based on the distance of a straight
line between the start point and endpoint.
If the chord length is positive, the minor arc is
drawn counterclockwise from the start point.
If the chord length is negative, the major arc
is drawn counterclockwise.
End: Starts by specifying the endpoint of the
arc.
Center point: Draws an arc
counterclockwise from the start point (1) to
an endpoint that falls on an imaginary ray
drawn from the center point (3) through the
second point specified (2).

Angle: Draws an arc counterclockwise from

the start point (1) to an endpoint (2), with a
specified included angle. If the angle is
negative, a clockwise arc is drawn.
Included angle: Enter an angle in degrees
or specify an angle by moving the pointing
device counterclockwise

Center: Specifies the center of the circle of

which the arc is a part.
Start point: Specify start point of arc.
End point: Draws an arc counterclockwise
from the start point (2) to an endpoint that
falls on an imaginary ray drawn from the
center point (1) through a specified point (3).
Angle: Draws an arc counterclockwise from
the start point (2) using a center point (1) with
a specified included angle. If the angle is
negative, a clockwise arc is drawn.

Tangent to last line, arc, or polyline:

Draws an arc tangent to the last line, arc, or
polyline drawn when you press ENTER at the
first prompt.

Example of usage:

Select the Arc tool with any of the methods:

by icon, by typing the name of the command
or within the menu by its abbreviation (A)
followed by the ENTER key.
Three point arc: used to make the arc line
pass through three known points, selecting
the three point method, in order to apply to
the required points.

Select the green grips or boxes located at the

edges or at the required points for the
construction of the arc. The following
requests are shown:
Starting point: it draws an arc from three
points designated on the circumference of
the arc. The first point is the one of origin (1).
Note: If the ENTER key is pressed without
specifying a point, the end point of the last
line or drawn arc will be used immediately
and the end point of the new arc will be
requested. This will create an arc tangent to
the last line, drawn arc or polyline.
Second point: it specifies that the second
point (2) is a point on the circumference of
the arc.
End Point: It specifies the end point (3) in
the arc.
A three-point arc can be defined clockwise or
counterclockwise.
Start, center, end: used to make the arc line
pass through three known points.

The following requests are shown:

Starting point: it draws an arc from three
points designated on the circumference of
the arc. The first point is the one of origin (1).
Center: It specifies the center of the circle of
which the arc forms part.
End Point: Specifies the end point (3) in the
arc.
Two arcs are drawn depending on the
direction in which it starts: 1, C, 2 or 2, C, 1.

Start, center, angle: it is used to make the

arc line pass through two known points using
an angle. In this case the beginning, center
and angle are known.
Starting point: it draws an arc from three
points designated on the circumference of
the arc. The first point is the one of origin (1).
Center: it specifies the center of the circle of
which the arc forms part.
Angle: draws an arc counterclockwise from
the starting point (1) through a center point
(2) and a specified included angle. If the
angle is negative, an arc is drawn in a
clockwise direction.

Start, end, direction: it is used so that the

arc line passes through two known points
and a specific direction. In this case we know
the beginning the end and a direction.

Starting point: the first point is the origin

point.
End Point: it specifies the end point (2) in
the arc.
Direction: it starts the tangent arc in a
precise direction. This option creates arcs,
either larger or smaller, clockwise or
counterclockwise from the starting point (1)
to an end point (2). The direction is
determined from the starting point.

Start, end, radius: it is used to make the arc

line pass through two known points and a
radius.

Starting point: the first point is the origin

point.
End Point: Specifies the end point (2) in the
arc.
Radius: draw the small arc counterclockwise
from the starting point (1) to the end point (2).
If the radius is negative, the largest arc is
drawn.

Center, start, length: used to make the arc

line pass through two known points and one
length.
Center: Specify the center of the circle of
which the arc forms part.
Starting point: the first point is the origin
point.
Length: Draw a smaller or larger arc as a
function of the straight line distance that
exists between the starting point and the end
point.
If the string length is positive, the smaller arc
is drawn counterclockwise from the starting
point. If it is negative, the major arc is drawn
in an anti-clockwise direction.

Exercise:
With arcs make the following symmetrical drawing.

2.5 RECTANG
Creates a rectangular polyline from the
specified the rectangle parameters (length,
width, rotation) and type of corners (fillet,
chamfer, or square).

The following prompts are displayed.

Current settings: Rotation = 0
Specify first corner point or
[Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width]:
Specify a point or enter an option
First Corner Point: Specifies a corner point
of the rectangle.
Other Corner Point: Creates a rectangle
using the specified points as diagonally
opposite corners.
Area: Creates a rectangle using the area and
either a length or a width. If the Chamfer or
Fillet option is active, the area includes the
effect of the chamfers or fillets on the corners
of the rectangle.
Dimensions: Creates a rectangle using
length and width values.
Rotation: Creates a rectangle at a specified
rotation angle.
Thickness: Specifies the thickness of the
rectangle.

Example of usage:

Select the Rectangle tool with any of the

methods: by icon, by typing the name or
within the menu by its abbreviation (REC)
followed by the ENTER key.

To generate the drawing, specify the starting

point when typing the coordinates 0,0 on the
keyboard.

It is necessary to specify the other corner.

Write the values 100,100.
Chamfer: set the chamfer distances for the
rectangle.
Again the tool with the acronym (REC) is
called and the letter (C) of chamfer is written.

Specify the chamfer to use in the first corner

of the rectangle and in the second, the
example mentions a value of 5 mm

Set the start point of the rectangle 0,0 and

the end point with 100,100, to get the next
rectangle.

Elevation: Accurate elevation of the

rectangle.
Again the tool with the acronym (REC) is
called and the letter (E) of elevation is
written.
Object Height: Specifies the object height of
the rectangle.
Specify the elevation of the rectangle, since it
is always drawn at a height of 0, in this case
a height of 10 mm.

Set the start point of the rectangle 0,0 and

the end point with 100,100, to get the next
rectangle.
Draw one in the 0 plane to check the
difference in drawing heights.

Splice - Fillet: determines the splice radius

of the rectangle.
Again the tool with the acronym (REC) is
called and the letter (F) of the splice is
written. The example includes a 10 mm
radius.

Determine the starting point of the rectangle

0,0 and the end point with 100,100, to obtain
the next rectangle with 10mm radius at its
corners.
Exercise:
With rectangles make the following symmetrical drawing.

2.6 ELLIPSE
Creates an ellipse or an elliptical arc.
The first two points of the ellipse determine
the location and length of the first axis. The
third point determines the distance between
the center of the ellipse and the end point of
the second axis.

The following requests are displayed:

Axis endpoint: it defines the first axis from
its two endpoints. The angle of that axis
determines the angle of the ellipse. The first
axis can define the major or minor axis of the
ellipse.
Distance of another axis: it defines the
second axis, using the distance from the
midpoint of the first axis to the end point of
the second axis (3)

Rotation: Creates the ellipse by appearing to

rotate a circle about the first axis
Move the crosshairs around the center
of the ellipse and click. If you enter a
value, the higher the value, the greater
the eccentricity of the ellipse. Entering 0
defines a circular ellipse..
Arc: create an elliptical arc.
The angle of the first axis determines the
angle of the elliptical arc. The first axis can
define the major or minor axis depending on
its size.
The first two points of the elliptical arc
determine the location and length of the first
axis.
The third point determines the distance
between the center of the elliptical arc and
the end point of the second axis.
The fourth and fifth points are the initial and
final angles.

Axis endpoint: it defines the starting point of

the first axis.
Rotation: it defines the difference in length
between the major and minor axis of the
ellipse by rotating a circle around the first
axis. The higher the value (from 0 to 89.4
degrees), the greater the difference in length
between the minor and major axis.
Values between 89.4 degrees and 90.6
degrees are not valid because otherwise the
ellipse would appear as a straight line.
Several of these angle values produce a
mirror effect every 90 degrees.
Initial angle: it defines the first end of the
elliptical arc. The Initial Angle option also
switches between the Parameter and Angle
modes.
The mode determines how the ellipse is
calculated.
Parameter (specialized option): it requires
an angular input, but creates the elliptical arc
using the following parametric vector
equation for the angle of each end point: P
(angle) = c + a * cos (angle) + b * sin (angle)
where c is the center of the ellipse, and a and
b are the negative lengths of its major and
minor axes, respectively.
Final parameter: it defines the final angle of
the elliptical arc using a parametric vector
equation. The Initial parameter option
changes between Angle and Parameter
modes.
The mode determines how the ellipse is
calculated.
Angle: it defines the final angle of the
elliptical arc. The Angle option switches
between the Parameter and Angle modes.
The mode determines how the ellipse is
calculated.
Included angle: determines an included
angle starting at the starting angle.
Center: Creates an ellipse using a center,
the end point of the first axis, and the length
of the second axis.
Distances can be specified by clicking on a
location at the desired distance or by
entering a value for the length.

Distance of another axis: defines the

second axis as the distance from the center
of the ellipse or midpoint of the first axis to
the specified point.
Rotation: creates the ellipse with the
appearance of a circle rotating around the
first axis.
Move the cursor-cross around the center of
the ellipse and click. If a value is entered, the
larger the value, the greater the eccentricity
of the ellipse. The circle is defined when 0 is
Typed.

Example of usage:
Select the Ellipse tool with any of the
methods: by icon, by entering the name of
the command or within the menu by its
abbreviation (EL) followed by the ENTER
key.
To generate the drawing, specify the starting
point when typing the coordinates 0,0 on the
keyboard.

Specify the end point of the ellipse axis, in

the example, a value of 100mm is given.

The distance of another axis with a value of

20mm must be specified for the example.

Axis, center: used for the ellipse to pass

through the distance of an axis and the
distance from the center.
It has guidelines such as the following:

Writing the (C) for the first point to be the

center of the ellipse

Choose the Lines midpoint.

Choose the axis end point.

Choose the distance to the other axis

Exercise:
With rectangles make the following drawing.

2.7 HATCH
Fill a closed area or selected objects with a
hatch pattern, a solid fill, or a gradient fill.
When the ribbon is enabled, the Shading
Creation tab is displayed.
When the ribbon is off the Shaded and
Gradient dialog box is displayed.
If you prefer to use the Hatch and Gradient
dialog box, set the HPDLGMODE system
variable to 1.
If HATCH is entered in the command prompt,
the options are displayed.
To maintain hatch performance with dashed
hatch lines, choose a predefined hatch
pattern instead of loading and set a dashed
line type.
Several methods to specify the outlines of a
hatch can be chosen.
 Specify a point in the area between
objects.
 Designate the objects included in an
area.
 Specify contour points using the Draw
from HATCH option.
 Drag a hatch pattern to an enclosed area
from a tool palette or DesignCenter
Designate an internal point: it determines
an outline from existing objects that form a
closed area around a specific point.

Designate Objects: it sets an outline from

selected objects that form a closed area.

Example of usage:

Select the Hatch tool with any of the

methods: by icon, by typing the command
name, or within the menu by its abbreviation
(H) followed by the ENTER key.
By default the selection of an internal point of
the object appears. Therefore, select the
points that are required to be shaded.

Double click on the shaded area. A new

toolbar will appear, specific to the
management of this.
There are holes in the palette that are at the
top of the program interface, where it is
selected that meets the requirements of the
process.

Occasionally, the hash pattern has a scale

that is not harmonious with the design, which
is why the scale of the hash pattern must be
handled.
Another feature of Hash is the change of
direction, since sometimes it is necessary to
include an angle to the process of collapse,
which will change the final perspective of the
design.
In the example, the angle was changed to
45° and the figure is shown as follows:

Exercise:
Use the HATCH tool to make the following design pattern.

2.8 POINT.
Create a point object.
Point objects can act as nodes to which
object references can be associated.
2D and 3D locations for a point can be
specified.
If the Z coordinate is omitted, the current
elevation is adopted. The PDMODE and
PDSIZE system variables control the
appearance of point objects.
MEASURE and DIVIDE create points along
an object.
Designate a point: it allows you to specify
the location of the point object.

Example of usage:

Select the POINT tool with any of the

methods: by icon, by typing the command
name or by the abbreviation (PO) in the
menu followed by the ENTER key.
This tool only requires the assignment of the
points on drawing area with a click on the
screen with the message specify a point.

The command also accepts coordinates, for

example:
1) 0.0
2) 0.100
3) 100,100
4) 100.0

To make points easier to perceive it is

necessary to go to the DDPTYPE command
to modify the appearance of the points.

In this way, the generated points will be

visible.

Exercise:
With points make the following drawing.

2.9 REVCLOUD.

To create a new revision cloud, select two

corner points, two polygonal points, or drag
the cursor.
It is also possible to convert an object such
as circles, polylines, splines, or ellipses into
a review cloud.
Use the revision clouds to highlight portions
of the drawing being examined.
The following requests are displayed:
First Corner Point: it lets us specify a corner
point of the rectangular review cloud.
Opposite corner: allows you to specify the
opposite corner diagonally of the rectangular
revision cloud.
Invert Direction: reverses the direction of
the sequential arcs in the review cloud.
Start point: set the start point of the polygon
review cloud.
Next point: allows you to specify the next
point to define the polygon shape of the
revision cloud.
Arc length: its maximum length can not be
set to a value greater than three times the
minimum arc length.
Object: Specifies an object to convert to a
revision cloud.
Rectangular: Creates a rectangular review
cloud by taking the points specified as
diagonally opposite corners.
Polygon: Creates a non-rectangular review
cloud defined by three or more points as
vertices of the review cloud.

Example of usage:

Select the Revcloud tool with any of the

methods: by icon, by typing the command
name or in the menu, enter the name of the
command (REVCLOUD) followed by the
ENTER key.
By default the program requires to specify
the point of the first corner, which must be
assigned by mouse or coordinates and then
it is necessary to specify the opposite corner.

To get the known revision cloud, it is

necessary to re-select the tool with the name
of the command (REVCLOUD) and then the
letter (F) followed by the ENTER key.

To start the generation of the cloud you must

specify the starting point, when typing on the
keyboard the coordinates 0,0 or clicking on
the screen where you need to give the
beginning. Then with the movement of the
mouse the object is tracked which needs to
be confined by the cloud.
Note: depending on the movement rate of
the hand, it will change the size of the
generated arc, to less movement, shorter
arcs, greater movement, wider arcs; When
the creation of the cloud is finished, it must
be ended with the ENTER key.
When the REVCLOUD command is finished,
a floating window will appear to manage
changes in the direction of the arcs in the
cloud.

Exercise:
With the command REVCLOUD, confine the following drawings, without the clouds
overlap each other.

2.10 REGION
Convert objects that enclose an area into
2D region objects.
Regions are 2D areas that are created from
closed flat loops of objects. Valid objects are
lines, polylines, circular arcs, circles, elliptical
arcs, ellipses, and splines. Each closed loop
becomes an independent region.
All intersections and intersecting curves are
rejected.
REGION deletes the original objects after
converting them to regions, unless the
DELOBJ system variable is set to 0. If the
original objects were shaded, the shadowing
associativity is lost.
To restore the associativity, shade the region
again.
Once objects have been converted to
regions, it is possible to combine them in a
complex region by joining, subtracting, or
intersecting operations.
You can also create a region using the
CONTOUR command.

Example of usage:
Select the Region tool with any of the
methods: by icon, by typing the name of the
command or by the abbreviation (REG) in the
menu followed by the ENTER key.

By default the program requires: select the

objects; For the AutoCAD program, the
easiest way to do the action is by clicking on
the top of the figure (top, right) and the
second click on the bottom (down, left) (↙ -
↖), this action will select the Elements
covered by the green area.
If the action is performed in the opposite way
(up, left) to (down, right) (↘ - ↗), it is likely
that one of the features of the drawing is
outside the blue area selection as identified
in the figure.
After selecting all the objects it is necessary
to continue with the ENTER key, to finish the
execution of the command.

At first glance the difference is not noticeable

but the region is already generated, to be
able to have a clearer view, select the visual
styles tool.

In the visual styles scroll bar, the Shades of

Gray tool is selected
The result is the set of entities that make
up the region.

Exercise:
Use the command REGION to convert entities

3. Objects properties

3.1 Color
You can define the color of an object by layer
or by specifying its explicit color regardless of
the layer.
The assignment of colors per layer facilitates
the identification of each layer of the drawing.
Explicit color mapping allows you to make an
additional distinction between objects in the
same layer.
All objects are created with the current color,
visible in the Properties palette, and the
Home tab in the Ribbon Properties group
when no objects are selected.
If the current color is set to Per layer, the
objects will be created with the color
assigned to the current layer (white).
If the current color is set to per block, objects
will be created with color 7 (white or black)
until they are combined in a block definition.
When the block is inserted in the drawing, it
will show the current color of those objects.
Among the range of color palettes you can
select to assign colors to objects, are the
following:
AutoCAD Color Index (ACI)
true color
PANTONE ® Colors
RAL ™ Classic and RAL Design color books
DIC ® Color Guide
ACI Colors: These are standard colors used
in AutoCAD-based products. Each color is
identified by an ACI color index number,
consisting of an integer from 1 to 255.
There are only standard color names for the
colors identified 1 through 7. The colors are
assigned as follows: 1 Red, 2 Yellow, 3
Green, 4 Cyan, 5 Blue, 6 Magenta, and 7
White / Black.
Color Books: Several standard PANTONE
color books are included in the product.
Other color books can also be imported, such
as the DIC color guide or the RAL color sets.
If you also import user-defined color books,
you can increase the selection of available
colors.

Example of usage:
The easiest way to assign colors by selecting
entity.

Select the Color tool with any of the methods:

by typing the command name, by its
abbreviation (COL) or by icon.
Select the color

This is how the selected entities remain.

Exercise:
Assign color characteristics to the following drawing.
3.2 Line Types

Load linetypes and set the current linetype.

Line Type Filters: Determines which line
types are displayed in the list of line types.
Line types can be filtered depending on
whether they depend on external references
or whether objects exist that refer to them.
Invert Filter: Displays line types based on
criteria opposite to those selected.
Line types that match the opposite criteria
are displayed in the list of line types.
Load: Displays the Load or Reload Linetype
dialog box, which allows you to load the
selected linetypes from a linetype file into the
drawing and add them to the linetype list.
Current: Sets the line type designated as the
current line type. Setting the current line type
in byLayer means that an object will adopt
the type of line that is assigned to a particular
layer.
If the line type option is set to ByBlock, it
means that an object will adopt the
CONTINUOUS line type until it is grouped
into a block. Whenever the block is inserted,
all objects will inherit their linetype. The
CELTYPE system variable stores the name
of the line type.
Delete: it deletes selected line types from the
drawing. Only unused line types can be
deleted. The line types ByLayer, ByBlock and
Continuous cannot be deleted.
List of Linetypes: Displays linetypes loaded
according to the option specified in Linetype
Filters. To quickly assign or delete all line
types, right-click to the Line Type List to
display the context menu.
Line Type: Displays the names of the loaded
line types.
To rename a line type, choose the line type,
click on it and type a new name.
ByLayer linetypes, ByBlock, Continuous and
dependent on external references cannot be
renamed.

Example of usage:

Select the Line Style tool with any of the

methods: when entering the name of the
command, by its abbreviation (COL) or by
icon.
By default AutoCAD includes three types of
lines.
More types will be found in the Other
selection.
Load line styles: As different styles are likely
to be required than the default contents, you
need to load them into the popup window by
clicking the Load option, more options will
appear.

Clicking the required line, followed by the OK

option, the line will be enabled to be used.

As it is already ready to be used, perform the

operation, selecting the lines that need to be
modified.
Select the Line Style tool with any of the
methods: type the command name, its
abbreviation (COL) or its icon.

Exercise:
Assign line style characteristics to the following drawing:

3.3 LINE WEIGHT (LIN)

Sets the current line thickness, display
options, and units.
Line weight is a property mapped to graphic
objects, shading, directive lines, and
dimension geometry that results in thicker
and darker lines.
The current line weight is assigned to all
new objects until another line thickness is set
as current.
Display line weight: line weight can be
turned on and off in a drawing; In addition,
they are shown differently in the model space
and presentation in paper space.
In the model space, the line weight of 0 is
displayed with the width of one pixel and the
rest of the line weight with a proportional
width in pixels.
The line weight display in model space does
not change with the zoom factor. For
example, a line weight value that is
represented by a width of four pixels is
always displayed with four pixels, regardless
of how much the drawing is enlarged.
In a paper space presentation, the line
weight appears in real units and the line
weight display changes with the zoom factor.

Example of usage:
Select the entities to change to modify the
thickness of the lines.

Select the Line weight tool with any of the

methods: when entering the name of the
command or by icon.

It is necessary to select a representative

weight to verify the change; That is why the
lines of 1.00 mm, are the most optional for
the example.
This is the result of the application of the
weight.
It can be verified when the printing pens are
scaled or by the following method:

In the same place of the tool for the weight of

the lines, select Dialog, Line Width
Parameters or Lineweightsettings.

By activating the line weight display or

displaylineweigth, the command action can
be checked on the screen.
Showing the next result on the screen.

Exercise:
Assign line weight characteristics to the following drawing.
 4. Auxiliary tools.

4.1 NAVSWHEEL

Provides access to enhanced navigation

tools that can be quickly accessed with the
cursor.
The wheel tools are not selected in the same
way as the other commands:
Press a sector and drag it to use the desired
navigation tool. Release the mouse button to
return to the wheel and switch navigation
tool.
Right click on a wheel and click on
SteeringWheel Settings to access the
SteeringWheel Settings dialog box, which
allows you to control it.
2D navigation wheel.

Full navigation wheel.

Object display wheel (basic wheel).

Building visit wheel (basic wheel).

4.2 PAN

PAN shifts the view without changing the

direction or magnification of the display.
Place the cursor on the initial location and
press the left mouse button. Drag the cursor
to the new location or press the wheel button
or the middle mouse button and drag the
cursor to frame.
4.3 ZOOM

Increases or decreases the magnification factor of the current viewport view.

Zooming in on a view can be changed by zooming in or out, which is similar to zooming
in or out with a camera.
If you use the ZOOM command, the absolute size of the objects in the drawing will not
be changed. Only the magnification factor of the view will be changed.
In a perspective view: ZOOM displays 3DZOOM requests.

The following requests are displayed:

Window Corner: Specify a corner of the area you want to magnify.
Opposite corner: Specify the opposite corner of the zoom area.

All: Zooms to display all visible objects and

visual aids.
Adjusts the magnification of the drawing area
to accommodate the extents of all visible
objects in the drawing, or visual aids such as
the grid limits (the LIMITS command),
whichever is larger.
Center: Zooms to display a view defined by a
center point and a magnification value or a
height. A smaller value for the height
increases the magnification. A larger value
decreases the magnification. Not available in
perspective projection.

Dynamic: Pans and zooms using a

rectangular view box. The view box
represents your view, which you can shrink
or enlarge and move around the drawing.
Positioning and sizing the view box pans or
zooms to fill the viewport with the view inside
the view box. Not available in perspective
projection.
To change the size of the view box, click,
resize it, and click again to accept the new
size of the view box.
To pan with the view box, drag it to the
location you want and press Enter

Extents: Zooms to display the maximum

extents of all objects.
The extents of each object in the model are
calculated and used to determine how the
model should fill the window.
Zoom Previous: Zoom shows preview. You
can reset up to 10 previous views.

Scale / Scale factor: Zooms to change the

magnification of a view using a scale factor.
Enter a value followed by x to specify the
scale relative to the current view.
Enter a value followed by xp to specify the
scale relative to paper space units.
For example, entering .5x causes each
object to be displayed at half its current size
on the screen.

Entering .5xp displays model space at half

the scale of paper space units. You can
create a layout with each viewport displaying
objects at a different scale.
Enter a value to specify the scale relative to
the grid limits of the drawing. (This option is
rarely used.) For example, entering 2
displays objects at twice the size they would
appear if you were zoomed to the limits of
the drawing..
Window: Zooms to display an area specified
by a rectangular window.
With the cursor, you can define an area of
the model to fill the entire window.

Object: Zooms to display one or more

selected objects as large as possible and in
the center of the view. You can select objects
before or after you start the ZOOM
command.
Real Time: Zooms interactively to change
the magnification of the view.
The cursor changes to a magnifying glass
with plus (+) and minus (-) signs. See Zoom
Shortcut Menu for a description of the
options that are available while zooming in
real time.
Holding down the pick button at the midpoint
of the window and moving vertically to the
top of the window zooms in to 100%.

4.4 Orbit
It rotates the view in a three-dimensional
space, but within a restricted horizontal and
vertical orbit.
3DORBIT activates a 3D orbit view in the
current viewport and the cursor icon appears
3D Orbit.
You can't edit objects while active 3DORBIT.
If you drag the cursor horizontally, the
camera will move in parallel to the XY plane
of the universal coordinate system (SCU).
If you drag the cursor vertically, the camera
will move along the Z axis. A small sphere
representing the focus around which the view
will rotate is temporarily displayed.
When the command is active, right-click to
display more options in a context menu. By
default, if one or more objects are selected
before starting the command, the
visualization will only be limited to these
objects.
You can temporarily access 3D Orbit mode.
To do this, press the Shift key and the mouse
wheel, and then move the cursor.

GLOSSARY.

ACB: For the AutoCAD color book. The XML file format used to store data from colored
books that can be used in AutoCAD-based products. Some of the commercial color book
files contain encrypted data to protect patented parameters.
Approach point: The point position at which a B-spline curve must be approached, within
a set tolerance. See also set point and interpolation point.
Basic Wheels: Reference for the building visit wheel and the object display wheel.
Big Wheels: Large version of SteeringWheels. Labels are displayed on each wheel wedge
and are larger than the size of the cursor.
Delimited Area: Closed area formed by a single object (such as a circle or a closed
polyline) or several overlapping coplanar objects. The bounded areas are used to create
objects such as shading.
B-spline curve: A polynomial, sectioned and mixed curve passing near a given set of
control points. (SPLINE) See also Bézier curve.
Bulge Magnitude: The amount of bulge at the place where two surfaces are joined. Only
applies to surfaces having continuity G1 or G2.
BYBLOCK: special object for which it assumes the color or line type block that contains
property. See also BYLAYER.
BYLAYER: special object for which it assumes the color or linetype associated with its
layer property. See also BYBLOCK.
Delimited curve: Soft, closed curve, such as a circle. Since it has a vertex tangent to the
object, you can create torsion points when you change shape. See also periodic curve
Cycle through Ctrl: A method that is used to change behavior when editing geometry,
either in a command or when editing grips. Pressing and releasing the Ctrl key will change
its behavior cyclically. In constrained geometry, the Ctrl cycle switches between protection
and release constraints.
Current drawing: Drawing file that opens in the program and receives all the commands
or actions that are entered.
Curve Adjustment: Smooth curve consisting of arcs joining each pair of vertices. The
curve runs through all the vertices of the polyline and uses any tangent direction you
specify.
Grade: Mathematical property of a curve or surface that indicates the type of polynomial
equation that is used. For example, the equations of degree 1 are linear, those of degree 2
quadratic and those of degree 3 cubic.
Edge: Contour of a face.
Edge modifiers: Effects such as protrusions and jitter can control the way edges are
displayed in a shaded model.
Extended tool information: For AutoCAD products running on Windows, additional
information is displayed in a tooltip by placing the cursor on a tool for a specific period of
time.
Tolerance rectangle: Tolerance that applies to certain features or feature patterns.
Tolerance rectangles always contain at least one geometric characteristic symbol
indicating the type of control and a tolerance value that shows the acceptable level of
variation.
Border: A multi-segment reference line that selects objects as it passes through them.
Helix: Open 2D or 3D spiral. (HELIX)
Layer: A logical grouping of data, similar to transparencies, on a drawing. Layers can be
viewed individually or combine them with others. (LAYER).
Layer index: A list that shows the objects in each layer. A layer index is used to locate the
part of the drawing that should be read when a drawing is partially opened. If you save a
layer index with the drawing, performance is also improved by working with external
references (refX). The INDEXCTL system variable controls whether layer and spatial
indexes have been saved with the drawing.
Layer conversion assignment: Assigning a set of layers to another set that defines the
rules. These rules include layer names and properties. It is also called the layer mapping.
Line type: Mode in which a line or curve is displayed. For example, a solid line uses a line
type other than a dashed line. Also called line style. (LINETYPE)
Line Weight: Value of width that can be assigned to all graphical objects except the
TrueType ® fonts and raster images.
Small Wheels: Small version of a SteeringWheel. No labels are displayed on any of the
wedges and often have the cursor size.
Model: A 2D or 3D representation of a mechanical part, a house or building, a piping
system, electrical circuits, a diagram or diagram, or any other entity.
Model edge: In the model documentation function, it refers to the style of the cut line
shown by a detail view: whether it is smooth or irregular, if it has a border, and if it includes
a connection line.
Object: One or more graphic elements, such as text, dimensions, lines, circles or
polylines, treated as a single element for creation, manipulation and modification tasks.
Previously, it received the entity name.
Origin: Point of intersection of the coordinate axes. For example, the origin of the
Cartesian coordinate system is the point where the X, Y, and Z axes are at 0.0.0.
Orthogonal: The orientation of two objects that have perpendicular or tangent inclinations
at the point of their intersection.
Ortho mode: A parameter that forces the data input by the pointing device only
horizontally or vertically (relative to the reference angle and to the personal coordinate
system). See also reference angle and personal coordinate system (SCP).
Palette: A Windows-specific user interface element, which can be fixed, anchored or
floating in the drawing area. The anchorable windows are the command line, the status
bar, the Properties palette, etc.
Path Curve: Defines the direction and length that is solved, sweeps or extrudes a profile
curve to create a solid or 3D surface for commands such as SWEEP, SOLEVATION, and
EXTRUDE.
Selector button: A pointing device button used to designate objects or specific points on
the screen. For example, on a two-button mouse, it is the default left button.
Point: Position in 3D space defined by the values of the X, Y and Z coordinates. 2. Object
consisting of a single coordinate position. (POINT)
Point cloud: A large set of points placed in the model space to create a 3D representation
of objects or geographic functions.
Pointer: Cursor that is displayed on a screen and can be moved from one place to another
in order to place graphic or textual information. See also cross-cursor.
Polyline: An object composed of one or more line segments or connected circular arcs
treated as if they were a single object. Also called pol.
Zoom: Function that allows us to reduce or increase the drawing area. (ZOOM)
 Bibliographic referencess

AutoCAD de Autodesk Shortcuts, Guía de accesos directos http://static-

ww.autodesk.net/content/dam/estore/customer-
service/AutoCAD_Shortcuts_11x8.5_MECH-REV.pdf, consultado el 19 de
septiembre de 2016

Document control
Learning material: Drawing and editing
Document name:
objects

Learning program name: AutoCAD 2D

Version: 1

Name Position Date

Thematic expert assigned to the
Edward Ferney Graphic Adaptation and Didactics October
Made by
Lozano Flechas of Educational Resources Team - 2016
SENA Regional Risaralda

Carlos Arturo Valencia

Pedagogical support of the Graphic
Cardona
First Adaptation and Didactics of October
checking Educational Resources Team- 2016
Andrés Felipe
SENA Regional Risaralda
Valencia Pimienta

Scriptwriter of the Graphic

Second Sandra Milena Henao Improvement and Didactics of November
checking Melchor Educational Resources Team - 2016
SENA Regional Risaralda
Leader of the Graphic Improvement
Approved Andrés Felipe and Didactics of Educational November
by Valencia Pimienta Resources Team - SENA Regional 2016
Risaralda