BOHOL WISDOM SCHOOL

TAGBILARAN CITY

SPECIAL FILIPINO CLASS

ARALIN 1: MGA BATAYANG KAALAMAN SA WIKANG FILIPINO
(Basic Knowledge in Filipino Language)

Ang Alpabetong Filipino

(The Filipino Alphabet)

 Ang Alpabetong Filipino ay binubuo ng mga sumusunod na titik:

Aa,Bb,Cc,Dd,Ee,Ff,Gg,Hh,Ii,Jj,Kk,Ll,Mm,Nn,Ññ,NGng,Oo,Pp,Qq,Rr,Ss,Tt,Uu,Vv,Ww,Xx,Yy,Zz,
 Ang mga titik na C,F,J,Q,Ñ,V,X, at Z ay ginagamit sa mga pantanging ngalan ng tao, lugar, gusali, brands,
mga hiram na salita, at mga katawagang siyentipiko.
Halimbawa: Fe, Carlos, Sto. Niño, Jollibee, Jones Bridge ( pantanging ngalan/proper)
Zakat ( almsgiving) – salitang Muslim
Zinc , Amoxicillin – scientific terms
 Ang Ñ ay binibigkas na -enye- at ang NG naman ay binibigkas na -nang-.
 Ang salitang Filipino ay binibigkas ayon sa baybay at bawat pantig ay binibigkas nang hiwalay sa ibang
pantig , maliban sa diptonggo ( diphthongs).
Halimbawa:

Salitang Bigkas Salin sa

Filipino Ingles
Paaralan Pa-a-ra-lan School
Pagkain Pag-ka-in Food
Hangin Ha-ngin Wind
Bulaklak Bu-lak-lak Flower
Magulang Ma-gu-lang Parent
Kapatid Ka-pa-tid sibling

Salitang may Diptonggo Bigkas Salin sa Ingles

Agiw a-giw Cobweb
Bitiw Bi-tiw Let go
Kasuy Ka-suy Cashew
Mababaw Ma-ba-baw Shallow
Away a-way Fight
Laway La-way Saliva
Reyna Rey-na Queen
Kahoy Ka-hoy Wood
Amoy a-moy scent

Mga Salitang Hiram sa Filipino

(Foreign Words in Filipino)

Mga dapat tandaan sa pagbigkas ng mga salitang hiram (Espanyol) sa Filipino:

Spanish Filipino English

Hard c is changed to k Calesa Kalesa Rig
Soft c is changed to s Circo Sirko Circus
Ch is changed to ts Lechon Litson Roast pig
is changed to p Final Pinal Final
soft j is Changed to h Cajon Kahon Box
Or s Jabon Sabon Soap
Ll is changed to ly Calle Kalye Street
Q is changed to k Maquina Makina Machine
V is changed to b Vapor Bapor Ship
Z is changed to s Lapiz Lapis pencil

- Pahina 1 -

Mga dapat tandaan sa pagbigkas ng mga salitang hiram (Ingles) sa Filipino:

English Tagalog
Soft c is changed to S Cinema sine
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 Hard c is changed to k Academic Akademik
Ct is changed to k Addict Adik
Qua or q is changed to kwa Quality Kwaliti
Long i is changed to ay Driver Drayber
F is changed to p Traffic Trapik
V is changed to b Believe Bilib
Long o is changed to u Approve Aprub
Cle is changed to kel Tricycle Traysikel
Tion is changed to syon Institution Institusyon
X is changed to ks Boxing Boksing
J is changed to dy Janitor Dyanitor
Beginning s is changed to is Sport isport
Soft ch is changed to ts Teacher titser
Hard ch is changed to k School iskul

Students should also learn how to write the following foreign words in Filipino that are very
common in everyday conversation. Needless to say, correct pronunciation is very important. Learn
to pronounce these words by taking particular notice of the accent marks and stresses. (Refer to the
tutorial video.)

Common Filipino Words

Alkohol- alcohol Pasaporte – passport

Piyano -piano Tiangge – bazaar
Radio – radio Tindahan – store
Kotse – car Bangko – bench / bank
Telepono – telephone Kape – coffee
Klab – club Tabako – tobacco
Sinehan – movie house Tenis – tennis
Pelikula - movie Sigarilyo – cigarette
Bentilador – electric fan Papel – paper
Otel – hotel Plastik – plastic
Silya – chair Telebisyon–television
Kompyuter – computer Restawran – restaurant

Days of the Week

Lunes – Monday Biyernes – Friday

Martes – Tuesday Sabado – Saturday
Miyerkules – Wednesday Linggo – Sunday
Huwebes – Thursday

Months of the Year

Enero – January Hulyo - July

Pebrero – Februaary Agosto - August
Marso -March Setyembre - September
Abril – April Oktobre - October
Mayo – May Nobyembre - November
Hunyo – June Disyembre - December

Pahina 2

Pantig at Diin
(Syllables and Stress in Tagalog)
I.Pantig
(Syllables)
knowledge of the different kinds of syllables (word divisions) in Tagalog will help the learner to articulate
the words correctly. Apat na uri
ng Pantig sa
Tagalog:

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 I. P-Patinig (The simple syllable consisting of only one vowel (V))
As o in ta-o (person)
As a in pa-a ( foot)
As i in i-yak (cry)

2. K-P (Katinig-Patinig) (The consonant + vowel syllable (CV)

As ba or sa in ba-sa (read)
As ta in ta-o (person)
As an in i-na (mother)
As u in u-lo (head)

3. P-K (Patinig-Katinig) (The vowel + consonant Syllable (VC)

As am in am-bon (drizzle)
As ak in ak-yat (climb)
As it in ma-pa-it (bitter)

4. K_P_K (Katinig-Patinig-Katinig) (The consonant + vowel + consonant syllable CVC)

As tak in ta-tak-bo (run)
As lon in ta-lon (jump)
As lak in bu-lak-lak (flower)

*Legend: P(Patinig) – Vowel K(Katinig) – Consonant

II. Diin (Stress)

In Tagalog, the use of stress on a particular syllable in a word can make a difference in meaning. Stress is the
vocal emphasis of a particular syllable.

Apat na Uri ng Bigkas/Diin

a. Mabilis End Stress - An acute

anak a-NAK child accent mark ( ') is placed
over the vowel of the
ama a-MA father last syllable of the word
ina i-NA mothe if this syllable receives a
r stronger emphasis than
bu-lak-LAK flower
the others,
bulaklak
ma-la-KAS strong
malakas
Penultimate
b. Malumay Stress - An
babae ba-BA-e woman acute accent
Ialäki la-LA-ki man mark ( ') is also
mainit ma-I-nit hot used to
malinis ma-Ll-nis clea indicate a
n stress on the
täo TA-o person next to last
syllable of a

Pahina 3

c. Malumi
punö PU-noQ tree
kandil kan-Dl-laQ candle
å
pusä PU-saQ cat
susi SU-siQ key

Penultimate Stress with a Glottal Catch

A grave accent mark C) is used above the vowel of the last syllable to indicate a strong emphasis on
the next to last syllable. The vowel at the end is pronounced with a glottal catch, which is produced by
| an abrupt closing of the throat to block the air stream in both the mouth and voice box. The glot tal
catch is hard to hear and beginners often mistake the sound as that of k.
For this particular lesson, however, we shall indicate the pronunciation of the glottal catch with the
letter Q. Note that this is only a representation of the glottal catch and should not be interpreted as
 d. Maragsa End Glottal - mark (A) is
punö pu-noQ full
used above the vowel of
sam-puQ ten the last syllable when it is
Sampü pronounced without a
bakyä bak-yaQ wooden shoes
stress but with a glottal
ma-sa-maQ bad
catch at the end. The
masamå difference with the
gintö gin-toQ gold preceding stress type is
that words that fall under
this category are
2. On the use of stress and accents
There are some important facts that the language learner should also remember
about the use of stress and accents in Tagalog. These are the following:

a. A difference in stress can cause a difference in meaning, as in the following examples:

kaibigan ka-i-Bl-gan friend
KA-i-bi-GAN have mutual understanding with
daing DaING complaint
DAing dried fish
Sikat siKAT famous
SIkat rays of the sun

b. The glottal catch is lost when a suffix is added after the final vowel.
Batå BA-taQ child
kabatäan ka-ba-TA-an youth
luhä LU-haQ ears
luhaan lu-ha-AN miserable
punö pu-noQ full
punuin pu-nu-lN to fill with
susi SU-siQ key
susiån su-si-AN Keyhole

c. Monosyllabic words often take on the Stress of a preceding word, and the stress
in that word is lost. The stress is thus “transferred” to the following single-
syllable word.

Kumain Kumain kå. Ku-ma-in KA. You may eat.

Hindi Hindi pa. Hin-di PA. Not yet.
Ganito Ganito bå? Ga-ni-to BA? Like this?
malapit Malapit na. Ma-la-pit NA. It is near.
hindi Hindi pö. Hin-di PO. No,sir / madam.

Pahina 4

d. TO avoid mispronunciation, a hyphen separates the prefix that ends in a conso-

nant and with a glottal stop from the root that follows which starts with a vowel.

Pag-åsa pagQ-A-sa hope

mag-alis magQ-a-LIS to
remove
mag-isa magQ-i-SA alone
pag-ibig pagQ-I-big love

PAGSASANAY
(Exercises )
G1: Isulat sa baybay-Filipino ang mga sumusunod na salitang hiram.
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 (Spell the following Spanish words in Filipino.)
1. Liquido - ____________________________
2. Magazine - __________________________
3. Cuarto - ____________________________
4. Cervesa - ___________________________
5. Café - ______________________________
6. Toalla - _____________________________
7.
kandilå Azul - ______________________________
Kan.Dl-laQ candle
8. Abanico - ___________________________
9. Vaca - ______________________________
puså PU-saQ cat
10. Barco - _____________________________ key
susi11. SU-siQ
Resolution - _________________________
batå12. BA-taQ
Action - _____________________________
child
punö13. pu-noQ full
Qualitative - _________________________
sampü
14. sam-puQ
Jeep - ______________________________ ten
bakyä
15. bak-yaQ
Scholar - ____________________________ Wooden shoes
masamä ma-sa-maQ bad
gintöG2: Pantigin ang mga sumusunod na salita.
gin-toQ gold
(Break the following words correctly into their individual syllables. The first syllable of each word has been given.)

1. Maganda (beautiful) ma-_______- ________

2. Paaralan (school) pa-_______ - ________ - ______
3. Pagkain (food) pag- ______ - ________
4. Iniluto (was cooked) I - ________ - ________ - ______
5. Inalis (was removed) I - ________ - ________
6. Hangin (wind) ha - ______
7. Linisin ( to clean) li - _______ - ________
8. Tatlo (three) tat - ______
9. Alaala (remembrance) a - _______ - _________ - _______
10. Pangalan ( name) pa - ______ - _________
11. Nag-aaral (studying) nag - _____ - _________ - _______
12. Maaari (can be) ma - ______ - _________ - ______
13. Paalam (goodbye) - pa - ______ - _________
14. Maliit (small) ma - _____ - _________
15. Awitin (to sing) a - _______ - _________

G3:ORAL TEST: Practice pronouncing the following words by paying careful attention to the four types of
stress and accent marks used to indicate them.
anak a-NAK child
amä a-MA father
ina i-NA mother
bu-lak-LAK flower
bulaklak
malaka ma-la-KAS strong
s
babae ba-BA-e Woman

Pahina 5

lalåki la- LA-ki man

mainit ma I-nit Hot
-
tåo T person
A.
o
punö PU-noQ tree

Pahina 6

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