DISCIPLINE & IDEAS IN APPLIED SOCIAL SCIENCES CORE APPLIED

Psychology Social work

SOCIAL SCIENCES History Communication
- the study of social phenomena and human society; Economics Demography
it is a branch of science that deals with the Political science Statistics
institutions, the functioning of human society, and Sociology Community development
with the Geography Public administration
interpersonal relationships of individuals as Anthropology
members of society. Linguistics
Goal : explain human behavior
DISCIPLINES DISCIPLINE OF COUNSELING
Anthropology - Study of humans, origin and culture COUNSELING
in past and present time. - the process of guiding a person during a stage of
- builds upon knowledge drawn from life when reassessments or decisions have to be
social and biological sciences. made.
Economics - allocation of scarce resources &
production COUNSELOR : The people who are professionally
& exchange of goods trained and certified to perform counselling.
- explain human activities.
Sociology - study pf ppls behavior PSYCHOMETRICS: branch of Psychology that deals
- latin: socio “ppl together” with the design, administration, and interpretation
Greek: logos “ the study of” of quantitative tests for the measurement of
Psychology - how human mind works psychological
- how ppl & grps experience world variables such as intelligence, aptitude, interests,
thru various emotions. and personality traits.
Political - human behavior in political sys.,
science gov.,laws etc. PSYCHIATRY: branch of general medicine that deals
- relationship bet. Ppl and policy with the treatment of the mentally ill by medically-
History - study of human past events
trained professionals using clinical interventions
- greek: “ historia” past events
including drugs, surgical procedures, and non-
Geography - interaction bet. Ppl & their
environments physical approaches.
- greek: “earth” “graphos” charting
and mapping CONTEXT OF COUNSELING
Demography - human populations across time - includes the peers, the culture, the neighborhoods,
the counseling, client, the counselor, and the
contextual and the process factors.
APPLIED SOCIAL SCIENCE
- aims at presenting a well developed understanding GOALS OF COUNSELING
of social systems, social theory, and social policy. Developmental goal Including the social,
- integrates theory, social research, skills and personal, emotional,
professional experience, and critical thinking skills cognitive, and physical
necessary to fully address social phenomena. wellness
Preventive goals Helps the client avoid
(It transcends individual some undesired
specialized social science and finds its true essence outcome.
through active engagement with the larger society in Enhancement goal Enhance the skills and
[Link] social science theories, concepts, abilities
methods, and findings gain application to problems Remedial goals Assist to overcome and
identified in the wider society, then applied social treat undesirable
science is achieved. ) development
Exploratory goals Examining options,
COUNSELING- Counselor provides guidance, help testing of skills, trying
and support to individuals who are distraught by a new and different
diverse set of problems in their lives. activities, etc.
SOCIAL WORK- people enhance their skills and Reinforcement goals Helps in recognizing
ability so that they can use their own resources and that what they are
of the community to resolve social problems. doing, thinking and
COMMUNICATION- provides adequate training for feeling is fine
careers in the field of journalism and mass comm. Cognitive goals Involves acquiring the
because of the multidisciplinary knowledge and basic foundation of
skills. learning and cognitive
skills
Physiological goals Acquiring the basic
 understanding and Roles Description
habits for good health Indiv, assessment - identify characteristics &
Psychological goals Aids in developing good potential of every client.
social interaction skills, - promotes self understanding
learning emotional & assisting
control, and developing Indiv. counselors - “core activity” in which other
positive activities became meaningful
self-concept. - client centered process
Group counseling & - provides organized and
( Counseling aims to empower the client by helping guidance planned assistance to
him/her make critical decisions in life, develop ability individuals for their needs.
to cope, enhance effectiveness, and improve quality Career assistance - provide career planning and
of life.) adjustment
Placement and follow - school counseling programs
SCOPE OF COUNSELING up w/ emphasis on educational
THE RIGHTS AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF LICENSED placements
COUNSELORS: Referral - help clients find experts
1. Afford counseling services Consultation - heling a client thru a 3rd party
2. Appy clinical council principles Research - to advance profession of
3. Engage in diagnosis and treatment counselling
4. Provide training supervision Eval. And accountability Eval: assessing the
effectiveness on counselor’s
ETHICAL PRINCIPLES activities
- The way we perceive or view things, people, Accountab.
events, and our environment is influenced by our Prevention - promotion of mental health
values. Our analysis and position on certain issues using social-psychological
are based on our values. perspective.
1. Principle of fidelity - Shares to the presence of
loyalty, reliability, dependability and action in good
CLIENTELE AND AUDIENCES
faith; the rule of confidentiality reveals the
importance of fidelity; entering into a contract
means to stay with the client and give the case 1. MARRIAGE & FAMILY COUNSELING
his/her efforts. - Marriage and family therapy differs from
2. Autonomy of individuals- freedom of action and traditional therapy because less emphasis is
freedom of choice. counseling cannot happen unless placed on an identified client or internal
the client has made a free choice to participate. psychological conflict. The focus is on viewing
3. Principle of nonmaleficience- refers to instruction and understanding their clients’ symptoms and
to all helpers or healers that they must, above all, do interactions within their existing environment.
no harm. they must work only within the limits of 2. CHILD & ADOLESCENT COUNSELING
their competence.
- focuses on helping children and adolescents
4. Principle of justice- Commitment to be fair goes
beyond that of the ordinary person; in view of the acquire coping skills through promotion of
agreement to promote worth and dignity of each resiliency, positive attachment relationship, &
individual, counselors are required to concerned other qualities that promote optional
with equal treatment for all individuals. development.
3. CAREER COUNSELING
PROFESSIONALS AND PRACTITIONERS - help you to know and understand yourself and
PERSONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF AN EFFECTIVE the world of work in order to make career,
COUNSELOR: educational, and life decisions.
1. Have an identity
4. SCHOOL COUNSELING
2. Respect and appreciate themselves
- help students at all levels to understand and
3. Open to change
4. Make life oriented choices cope with social, behavioral, and personal
5. Authentic, sincere and honest problems.
6. Sense of humor 5. MENTAL HEALTH COUNSELING
7. Willing to admit mistakes - trained in a variety of therapeutic techniques
8. Live in the present used to address issues such as depression,
9. Appreciate influence of culture anxiety, addiction and substance abuse, suicidal
10. Sincere interest in the welfare of others impulses, stress, trauma, low self- esteem, and
11. Effective interpersonal skills grief.
12. Passionate
6. GRIEF COUNSELING
13. Healthy boundaries
- form of psychotherapy that aims to help
COUNSELORS (Gibson & Mitchell, 2003) people cope with grief and mourning following
the death of loved ones, or with major life
 changes that trigger feelings of grief, such as - (a)The counselor has to provide a mapping of
divorce. the different approaches offered

(b)Describe the role of the counselor and client

COUNSELING SETTINGS, PROCESS
for each procedure
AND METHODS
(c) Identify possible risks & benefits that may
COUNSELING SETTINGS
come
1. SCHOOL 2. COMMUNITY
(d)Estimate the time and cost of each
- usually located under - employment in
the student affairs community, agency and procedure
program. other nonschool
- Counselors here are professional 5. TERMINATION & FOLLOW UP
recognized Especially in situations.
- essential goal in counseling is to witness a
the preventive - Counselors can be
interventions and found in community and client progress on his/her own without the
developmental stage. mental health assistance of the counselor.
agencies,employment
and rehabilitation 6. RESEARCH & EVAL.
agencies, etc
- can be undertaken at any point in the
3. PRIVATE 4. OVERNMENT
- counsellors who - Relevant agencies or counseling stage. This is the fundamental part
decided to do institutions include of eval.
full time work as private public schools, public
practitioners or engage hospitals, public social Classic theories
in part welfare agencies such as COUNSELING Experiential theories
-time private practice that for the youth, METHODS Cognitive-behavioral
while children and the aging. theories
employed by
community agencies.
CLASSIC THEORIES
COUNSELING PROCESS
1. Sigmund Freud
1. RELATIONSHIP BUILDING - Austrian neurologist and the founder of
- establishing rapport, promote acceptance psychoanalysis.
of the client as a person with worth,
establishing genuine interaction, direct - psychoanalysis: clinical method for treating
mutual communication, helping clients psychopathology through dialogue between a
understand themselves, helping client focus
patient and a psychoanalyst.
and slowly promote counseling relevant
communication from the client.
* psychoanalysis- Two goals of Freudian
2. ASSESMENT AND DIAGNOSIS
- Serves as the window for the counselor to psychoanalytic therapy are to make the
have a thorough appreciation of the clients unconscious conscious and to strengthen the
condition. Entails analysis of the root ego so that behavior is based more on reality
causes. and less on instinctual cravings or irrational
3. FORMULATION OF COUNSELING
guilt.
GOALS
- serve as the parameter of work and the
client-counselor rel. Counselors role: blank approach/ transference
Process goal – institute the circumstances relationship
needed to make the counseling work
progress. Promotes good relationship Clients role: willing to commit themselves to an
Outcome goal – stipulate desire of client. intensive and long-term therapy process

FREE The client say whatever

4. INTERVENTION & PROB. SOLVING ASSOCIATION comes to mind without
 self censorship. 3. Carl Jung
DREAM By using dreams they - Swiss psychiatrist and psychoanalyst who
ANALYSIS explore unconsciousness founded analytical psychology.

CONFRONTATIO The analyst attempts to * analytical psychology- explanation of human

N clarify what is nature that combines ideas from history,
& CLARIFICATION consciously going on mythology, anthropology, and religion
in the patient's mind &
tactful bringing into
awareness nonverbal
aspects of the patient's
behavior
INTERPRETATION Therapist’s assessment
of the client’s
personality
and of the factors in the
client’s past.

2. Alfred Alder
- Austrian medical doctor, psychotherapist, and
founder of the school of individual psychology

- emphasis on the importance of feelings of

inferiority, the inferiority complex, is recognized
as an isolating element which plays a key role in
personality development.

Counselors role: warm, friendly

Clients role: focus on desired outcomes

Phases Description
Establish the - listening skills
Relationship - respect and offering
hope
- encouragement
- deep caring,
involvement, and
friendship.
Explore the - lifestyle analysis
Individual’s - dream analysis
Psychological - get a deeper
Dynamics understanding of an
individual’s lifestyle.
Encourage Self- - insight process
Understanding - interpret the findings of
and the
Insight assessment as an avenue
for promoting self
- understanding and
insight.
Reorientation - helping people discover a
and new and more functional
Reeducation perspective.