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The Khilafat movement

Pakistan Studies (COMSATS University Islamabad)

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The Khilafat movement:

The Khilafat development (1919-1924) was an unsettling by Indian Muslims aligned with Indian
patriotism in the years following World War I. Its motivation was to compel the British government
to protect the authority of the Ottoman Sultan as Caliph of Islam following the separation of the
Ottoman Empire toward the finish of the war. Fundamental to this was the Indian Muslims' longing
to impact the bargain making process following the war so as to re-establish the 1914 limits of the
Ottoman Empire, despite the fact that the Turks, partners of the Central Powers, had been crushed
in the war. Indian supporters of the Khilafat cause sent a designation to London in 1920 to argue
their case, however the British government regarded the representatives as eccentric skillet
Islamists, and didn't change its approach toward Turkey. The Indian Muslims' endeavour to impact
the arrangements of the Treaty of Sevres consequently fizzled, and the European forces, most
strikingly Great Britain and France, proceeded with regional changes, including the establishment of
orders over once Ottoman Arab regions.

IMPORTANCE:
The importance of the Khilafat development, be that as it may, lies less in its alleged dish Islamism
than in its effect upon the Indian patriot development. The pioneers of the Khilafat development
fashioned the primary political coalition among western-instructed Indian Muslims and 'ulema over
the strict image of the khilafat (caliphate). This initiative incorporated the 'Ali siblings – Muhammad
'Ali (1878-1931) and Shaukat 'Ali (1873-1938) – paper editors from Delhi; their otherworldly guide
Maulana Abdul Bari (1878-1926) of Firangi Mahal, Lucknow; the Calcutta writer and Islamic
researcher Abu'l Kalam Azad (1888-1958); and Maulana Mahmud ul-Hasan (1851-1920), leader of
the madrasa at Deoband, in northern India. These marketing specialist government officials and
'ulema saw European assaults upon the authority of the Caliph as an assault upon Islam, and in this
manner as a risk to the strict opportunity of Muslims under British standard.

The Khilafat and Indian Nationalism:

The Khilafat issue solidified enemy of British assumptions among Indian Muslims that had expanded
since the British affirmation of war against the Ottomans in 1914. The Khilafat pioneers, the majority
of whom had been detained during the war on account of their master Turkish feelings, were at that
point dynamic in the Indian patriot development. Upon their discharge in 1919, they upheld the
Khilafat cause as a way to accomplish container Indian Muslim political solidarity in the counter
British reason. The Khilafat development additionally profited by Hindu-Muslim collaboration in the
patriot cause that had developed during the war, starting with the Lucknow Pact of 1916 between
the Indian National Congress and the Muslim League, and coming full circle in the dissent against the
Rowlett hostile to Sedition charges in 1919. The National Congress, drove by Mahatma Gandhi
(1869-1948), called for peaceful non-collaboration against the British. Gandhi embraced the Khilafat
cause, as he found in it the chance to mobilize Muslim help for patriotism. The 'Ali siblings and their
partners, thus, furnished the non-participation development with a portion of its most excited
devotees.

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CONSEQUENCES:
The consolidated Khilafat Non-Cooperation development was the main all-India disturbance
contrary to British guideline. It saw an extraordinary level of Hindu-Muslim collaboration and it set
up Gandhi and his procedure of peaceful dissent at the focal point of the Indian patriot
development. Mass preparation utilizing strict images was amazingly fruitful, and the British Indian
government was shaken. In late 1921, the administration moved to stifle the development. The
pioneers were captured, attempted, and detained. Gandhi suspended the Non-Cooperation
development in mid-1922. Turkish patriots managed the last hit to the Khilafat development by
nullifying the Ottoman sultanate in 1922, and the caliphate in 1924.

Two nation theory:

The Two Nation hypothesis implies the cultural, political, strict, monetary and social
dissimilarities between the two major communities, Hindus and Muslims of the
Subcontinent. This hypothesis implies that there were two countries in the subcontinent,
the Hindus and the Muslims. Subcontinent comprises of two diverse communities having
their own way of thinking of life. This hypothesis offered ascend to two particular political
ideologies that was liable for the segment of India into two autonomous states. The Two
country Theory was the premise of the battle for formation of Pakistan as an independent
state. In hate of living respectively for quite a long time the two networks not overlooked
their individual cultures and civilization. It raised a bearing for the Muslims on the basis of
which Pakistan was accomplished.

INTERCONNECTION OF KHILAFAT MOVEMENT AND

TWO NATION THEORY:
Both are interconnected because both form the basis of the struggle towards achieving a
nation. It made Muslims clear about their goals .both of them give a push to Muslims to
enhance their sprits.

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