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DETC2000/DTM-14579
*
Kjartan Pedersen Jan Emblemsvåg Reid Bailey, Janet K. Allen and Farrokh Mistree
Kvaerner Oil and Gas AS Considium Consulting Systems Realization Laboratory
Postboks 169 Group AS The George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical
1324 Lysaker Postboks 1115 Engineering
Norway 1361 Billingstad Georgia Institute of Technology
Norway Atlanta, GA 30332-0405
USA
We define scientific knowledge within the field of 2.1 Structural Validation – A Qualitative Process
engineering design as socially justifiable belief according As can be seen from Figure 1, being effective embodies
to the Relativistic School of Epistemology. We do so due three things:
to the open nature of design method synthesis, where new (1) accepting the individual constructs constituting the method;
knowledge is associated with heuristics and non-precise (2) accepting the internal consistency of the way the constructs
representations, thus knowledge validation becomes a are put together in the method; and
process of building confidence in its usefulness with (3) accepting the appropriateness of the example problems that
respect to a purpose. will be used to verify the performance of the method.
A description of each follows.
PURPOSE :
Defined based on METHOD
METHOD VALIDITY
VALIDITY
Intuitive Knowledge Criteria:
Criteria:USEFULNESS
USEFULNESS with with
(i.e., experience) respect
respect to a PURPOSE
to a PURPOSE
Effectiveness : USEFULNESS ::
USEFULNESS
Efficiency :
METHOD
METHOD Efficient
Efficient and
and//or
or
Qualitative Evaluation of Quantitative Evaluation of
Effective
Effective ininachieving
achievingthe
the
METHOD METHOD
articulated purpose(s).
articulated purpose(s).
Figure 1 --
Design Method Validation - Building Confidence in Usefulness.
The Validation Square is in the gray box.
(6) Accepting usefulness of method beyond example problems: 3. VALIDATING THE VALIDATION SQUARE
To build confidence in generality, we suggest using In this section, we provide a brief albeit cursory overview of
induction that entails the following: our thinking on this topic and the status of validation. Further
In (1), we demonstrate that the individual constructs are details are presented in Pedersen (1999). Much more needs to
generally accepted for some limited applications. be done and we look forward to other members of the design
In (2), we demonstrate the internal consistency of the way research community joining us in this effort.
the constructs are put together in the method. We validate the ‘Validation Square’ by validating its
In (3), we demonstrate that the constructs are applied internal consistency in addition to its external relevance, i.e., we
within their accepted ranges. apply the ‘Validation Square’ to validate itself. For those who
In (4), we demonstrate the usefulness of the method for regard this as circular argumentation, we refer them to
some chosen example problems, which in (3) are mathematics - mathematics is validated by means of
demonstrated to be appropriate for testing the method. mathematics.
In (5), we demonstrate that the usefulness achieved is due
to applying the method.
Based on this we claim generality, i.e., that the method is
useful beyond the tested example problems. However, as
shown in Section 1.3, every validation rests ultimately on
socially justifiable belief, that is, faith. Hence, the purpose
Gather Data
Numerical Taxonomy
Cluster Data
(Sneath & Sokal 1973)
Phase II: MODEL
Model Relations
& formulate c-DSPs
Phase III: SOLVE
Decide on HPP
Figure 2 --
The HPPRM and its Constructs: An Overview
Old View of Knowl- Fundamental Basis for New Emerging New View on
edge Validation Assumptions Refutation Assumptions Knowledge Validation
Reductionist Rationality only Honderich, Einstein Intuition valid basis for Holistic
valid basis for defining purpose for ap-
knowledge plication of knowledge
Formalist Objectivity exists Hegel, Kuhn, Research validation linked to Social and
Wittgenstein, Gødel, usefulness conversational
Einstein
Pedersen, K., Emblemsvag, J., Bailey, R., Allen, J.K. and Mistree, F., 2000, “The ‘Validation Square’ –
Validating Design Methods & Research,” ASME Design Theory and Methodology Conference, (Allen, JK, Ed.),
New York: ASME, 2000. ASME DETC2000/DTM-14579.