METODE PENELITIAN

DI PENDIDIKAN VOKASI
PRODI S3 PENDIDIKAN KEJURUAN
FAKULTAS TEKNIK
UNIVERSITAS NEGERI MALANG
2021
 PENDIDIKAN VOKASI

• …education designed to develop skills, abilities,

understandings, attitudes, work habits, and
appreciations needed by workers to enter and make
progress in employment on useful and productive
basis (Thomson, 1972:iii).
 KRITERIA PENDIDIKAN VOKASI
❑ Orientasi pada kinerja individu dalam dunia kerja;
❑ Jastifikasi khusus pada kebutuhan nyata di lapangan;
❑ Fokus kurikulum pada aspek-aspek psikomotorik,
afektif, dan kognitif;
❑ Tolok ukur keberhasilannya tidak hanya di kampus;
❑ Kepekaan terhadap perkembangan dunia kerja;
❑ Memerlukan sarana dan prasarana yang memadai;
dan
❑ Adanya dukungan masyarakat (Finch dan
Crunkilton,).
SUMBER: SDM:
GEDUNG, DANA, KS, GURU, LABORAN/TEKNISI, BK,
KURIKULUM, PRKT STAF ADM, PUSTAKAWAN, DLL.
PEMB., MEDIA, DLL

LULUSAN SIAP
BEKERJA ATAU
PROSES STUDI LANJUT:
PENDIDIKAN:
o Reguler o Hard Skills
SISWA o TeFa o Soft Skills/
o Prakerin, dll. Employability
Skills
o Sertifikat

LINGKUNGAN:
ORTU, MASYARAKAT, PEMDA, DU/I, PENERBIT, DLL.
 What Is Research?
(Hevner, A. & Chatterjee,S., 2010)

• … as an activity that contributes to the understanding of

a phenomenon.
• Phenomenon is typically a set of behaviors of some entity
that is found interesting by the researcher or by a group
– a research community.
• Understanding is knowledge that allows prediction of the
behavior of some aspects of the phenomenon.
 What Is Research?

• Research is a process through which we attempt to

achieve systematically and with the support of
data the answer to a question, the resolution of
problem, or a greater understanding of
phenomenon. This process, frequently called
research methodology.
 Criteria of Good Research
(Kothari, C.R., 2004)

1. The purpose of the research should be clearly defined and common

concepts be used.
2. The research procedure used should be described in sufficient detail to
permit another researcher to repeat the research for further
advancement, keeping the continuity of what has already been
attained.
3. The procedural design of the research should be carefully planned to
yield results that are as objective as possible.
4. The researcher should report with complete frankness, flaws in
procedural design and estimate their effects upon the findings.
 Criteria of Good Research
(Kothari, 2004)
5. The analysis of data should be sufficiently adequate to reveal its
significance and the methods of analysis used should be
appropriate. The validity and reliability of the data should be
checked carefully.
6. Conclusions should be confined to those justified by the data of
the research and limited to those for which the data provide an
adequate basis.
7. Greater confidence in research is warranted if the researcher is
experienced, has a good reputation in research and is a person of
integrity.
 Criteria of Good Research
(Kothari, C.R., 2004)
1. Good research is systematic: It means that research is structured with
specified steps to be taken in a specified sequence in accordance with the
well defined set of rules.
2. Good research is logical: This implies that research is guided by the rules of
logical reasoning and the logical process of induction and deduction are of
great value in carrying out research.
3. Good research is empirical: It implies that research is related basically to
one or more aspects of a real situation and deals with concrete data that
provides a basis for external validity to research results.
4. Good research is replicable: This characteristic allows research results to be
verified by replicating the study and thereby building a sound basis for
decisions.
 Research Methods versus Methodology
(Kothari, C.R., 2004)

• Research methods may be understood as all those

methods/techniques that are used for conduction of research.
Research methods or techniques, thus, refer to the methods the
researchers use in performing research operations.
• Research methodology is a way to systematically solve the
research problem. It may be understood as a science of studying
how research is done scientifically.
 Karakteristik Penelitian
• Sistematik
Mencakup: (1) perumusan masalah, (2) penyusunan
kerangka berpikir, (3) perumusan hipotesis, (4) pengujian
hipotesis, dan (5) penarikan kesimpulan.
• Logik
Menggunakan penalaran (1) deduktif untuk merumuskan
hipotesis penelitian, dan (2) induktif untuk membangun
kesimpulan.
 Karakteristik Penelitian
• Empirik
Harus didasarkan pada data empirik (data
lapangan)
• Reduktif
Mereduksi populasi/subjek penelitian menjadi
sampel untuk dijadikan sumber data.
• Replikatif
Harus dapat diulang lagi. Karena itu proses berpikir
peneliti harus dinyatakan secara eksplisit dalam
bentuk metode penelitian.
Karakteristik Penelitian Kuantitatif Vs Kualitatif

• Ada dua macam penelitian:

1. Penelitian kuantitatif → bersifat “hypothesis-testing”
2. Penelitian kualitatif → bersifat “generating theory”
• Karakteristik penelitian kuantitatif:
1) Penetapan variabel, kategori variabel yang berhubungan dg
hipotesis sbg titik pijak penelitian;
2) Pengumpulan data dg menggunakan instrumen yang telah
ditetapkan; dan
3) Analisis data pada akhir penelitian dg teknik statistik baku.
 Karakteristik Penelitian Kuantitatif Vs
Kualitatif
• Karakteristik penelitian kualitatif:
1) Penetapan konsep-konsep yang sangat umum, kemudian
mengubah definisi konsep-konsep tersebut selaras dengan
kemajuan penelitian yang dicapainya;
2) Instrumen pengumpul data adalah peneliti sendiri (peneliti
sebagai instrumen); dan
3) Analisis data dilakukan secara induktif dan pelaksanaannya
bersamaan dengan proses pengumpulan data.
 Prosedur penelitian kuantitatif
Sepuluh langkah penelitian:
1) Menetapkan masalah
2) Mengkaji teori dan temuan penelitian sebelumnya
3) Merumuskan hipotesis
4) Mengidentifikasi variabel
5) Menyusun definisi operasional variabel
6) Menetapkan desain penelitian
7) Menetapkan & menyusun instrumen pengukur variabel
8) Mengumpulkan data
9) Analisis data
10)Menulis laporan penelitian (formal, skripsi, tesis, disertasi)
 Contoh Prosedur Penelitian Kuantitatif
TEORI DAN KONSEP
YG RELEVAN
membaca deduktif

MASALAH Definisi
HIPOTESIS PREDIKTIF
Operasional
mengkaji variabel
induktif

TEMUAN PENELI-
TIAN YG RELEVAN
merancang

LAPORAN
PENELITIAN Mengump. DESAIN
(formal, skripsi, TEMUAN Analisis INSTRUMEN PENELITIAN
tesis, disertasi) Data