RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Lecturer by
Prof. Dr. Muhammad Basri, MA.,Ph.D
 PREPARING AND
EVALUATING
A RESEARCH PLAN

BUNYAMIN
201061001002
CONTENTS
 Learning Outcomes
 A Research Plan Definition

 Quantitative and Qualitative Research

 Research Plan Purposes

 A well-thought-out Plan

 Components of Quantitative Research Plan

 Components of Qualitative Research Plan

 Comparison of Quantitative and Qualitative Research

Components
 Revising and Improving
“PLAN WHAT YOU DO,
DO WHAT YOU PLAN”
 LEARNING OUTCOMES

• Define and discuss the purpose of a

1 research plan.
• Describe each component of a quantitative
2 research plan.
• Describe each component of a qualitative
3 research plan.

• Describe ways in which a research plan

4 can be revised and improved.
A Research Plan
Detailed
description of a
study proposed to
investigate a
given problem
 RESEARCH PLAN

DATA ANALYSIS INTRODUCTION

RESEARCH REVIEW OF
DESIGN AND RELATED
PROCEDURES LITERATURE
Quantitative
Research
The hypothesis is the basis for
determining the participant
group, measuring instruments,
design, procedures, and statistical
techniques used in your study
Qualitative
Research
The researcher's questions are the
basis for gaining entrance to the
research context, identifying
research participants, spending
time in the field, determining how
to gather data, and interpreting
and narrating those data
RESEARCH PLAN PURPOSES
It forces you to think through every
aspect of the study

It facilitates evaluation of the study,

by you and others

It provides detailed procedures to

guide the study
A WELL-THOUGHT-OUT PLAN
 COMPONENTS OF THE
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH PLAN
 Statement of the research problem
 Statement of the research question

 Review of Related Literature

 Statement of the Hypothesis (if

appropriate)

 Participants
 Instruments

 Material/Apparatus

 Design

 Procedure
COMPONENTS ………………..
 COMPONENTS OF THE
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH PLAN
COMPONENTS ……………….
 Describe the purpose of the
research study
 Frame the study as a larger
theoretical, policy, or
practical problem
 Pose initial research
questions
 Describe related literature
that helps to frame the
research questions
COMPONENTS ……………….
 Overall approach and rationale for the
study
 Site and sample selection

 The researcher's role (entry to the

research site, reciprocity, and ethics)
 Data collection methods

 Data management strategies

 Data analysis strategies

 Trustworthiness features

 Ethical considerations
COMPONENTS ……………….
COMPONENTS ……………….

 Timeline for the research

 Proposed table of contents for the study

 Consent forms, IRB approval

 Samples of structured surveys or questionnaires

 COMPARISON OF QUANTITATIVE AND
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH COMPONENTS
Quantitative Research Qualitative Research
Problem Problem stated at the beginning to Problem statement may be preceded by
statement guide the fieldwork to learn context of the research;
research process. purpose guides study; study framed as part of
theoretical, policy, or practical problem; narrower
problem may emerge after immersion in setting.
Research Research questions breathe life into the study and provide direction for the development
questions of data
collection strategies.
Review of the Review conducted early in the Review may lead to guiding hypotheses and/or
literature study to identify promising practices and links study to underlying
related research, potential assumptions and theories; if not needed for a
hypotheses, and research plan, may be conducted after study onset.
methodological approaches.
 COMPARISON …………….
Quantitative Research
Hypotheses Hypothesis is usually related to review of
literature, states researcher's hunches
about the relations between the study
variables in operational terms, is more
specific than the problem statement.
Research Participants chosen from a defined
participants population, usually randomly, at the start
of the study; samples often large.
Data Data consist of results from tests,
collection and questionnaires, and other paper-and-
instruments pencil instruments; collection requires
little direct interaction between researcher
and participants.
Qualitative Research
Formal hypothesis rarely stated; initial
research questions used in plan are closely
linked to theories, policies, and practical
problems; understanding is ongoing,
shifting.
Small group of participants purposefully
selected from research context; participants
provide detailed data about themselves and
life in context.
Data consist of notes from observations,
interviews, examination of artifacts;
collection requires substantial interaction
between researcher and participants;
researcher must manage variety of data
sources.
 COMPARISON ……………….
Quantitative Research Qualitative Research
Special Chosen and used as needed.
materials or
apparatus
Research Clear, well-ordered sequence of steps used to conduct research. Research designs may
design include both quantitative and qualitative methods; the two approaches are not totally
independent of each other.
Research Procedures describe what occurs in a study; despite many different emphases, most
procedures procedures are pertinent to both quantitative and qualitative research.
Time schedule Research usually completed in relatively Research usually occupies lengthy time
short time; data collected and analyzed period; much time needed to collect data in
relatively quickly; planning of time the field and to interact with participants
schedule very useful. over time;
planning of time schedule very useful.
 COMPARISON …………..
Quantitative Research Qualitative Research
Budget Budget depends on the nature of study and the researcher's resources, including time;
realistic assessment of budget will help guide choice of a reasonable research problem.
Data analysis Quantitative methods used to collect Qualitative methods used to collect primarily
primarily numerical data; analysis descriptive narrative and visual data;
based on numerical and statistical analysis based on identifying themes and
analyses; validity and reliability patterns;
measures ensure data trustworthiness. triangulation used to ensure trustworthiness
of data.
Final report Report heavily focused on statistical Report heavily focused on narrative
analyses. description.
 A research plan should be
reviewed by at least one
skilled researcher and at
least one expert in the area
of investigation.

If possible, a researcher
should carry out a small-
scale pilot study to help in
refining or changing
planned procedures.