RESEARCH WRITING

FOR TVET
Module 1:
Conceptualizing Research for TVET

Atty. Marycel C. Engracia, Ph.D.

 WHAT RESEARCH IS……

• A process of systematic inquiry;

• A systematic investigation;
• A study of materials to establish
facts;
• An activity of systematic enquiry
that seeks answers to a problem.
 Defining RESEARCH
Research is a purposive, systematic, and
scientific process of gathering, analyzing,
classifying, organizing and interpreting data for
solution of a problem, for predicting, for
invention, for the discovery of truth, or for the
expansion or verification of existing
knowledge, all for the preservation and
improvement of the quality of human life.
 WHAT RESEARCH ENTAILS/
INCLUDES….
• Collection of data
• Documentation of critical information
• Analysis and interpretation of data/
information
• Use of suitable/appropriate
methodologies
WHY RESEARCH IS CONDUCTED/
DONE….

• To discover new knowledge

using scientific methods;
• To generate questions for
further inquiries;
 WHY RESEARCH IS CONDUCTED/
DONE….
• To assemble a body of knowledge
and findings and share them in
appropriate manner;
• To evaluate or test the validity of
a hypothesis or an interpretative
framework;
 WHY RESEARCH IS CONDUCTED/
DONE….
• To assemble a body of knowledge
and findings and share them in
appropriate manner;
• To evaluate or test the validity of
a hypothesis or an interpretative
framework;
Characteristics of Research
Empirical
• based on direct observations;
• practical experiences;
• experimentation on theories;
• based on rigorous scientific
methods;
Logical
• based on legal principles
and procedures in
gathering data;
• use of logical examination
to draw legal conclusions;
• objective and unbiased
Methodical/
Systematic
• conducted in orderly manner;
• follows orderly and sequential
order;
• use of systematic procedures &
techniques;
• use of appropriate research
design and statistical tools
Analytical
• use of proven
analytical procedures
in collecting data;
• use of critical analysis
of all data used for
error-free interpretation
Characteristics of Research
• process starts with a
Cyclical problem and ends with
a problem;
•research designs may be
Replicable replicated using different
materials;
• research is not a sporadic
undertaking but an
Purposive intentional and deliberate
undertaking;
• search or investigation for a
Truth- body of real things, events
or facts;
seeking • explanation of investigated
facts
KINDS OF RESEARCH

Applied

Basic/ Develop
Pure -mental
 KINDS OF RESEARCH

‣ Basic Research
‣ also called pure research;
‣ concerned with knowledge for the
sake of theory development or
refinement;
‣ design is not controlled by the
usefulness of the findings;
 KINDS OF RESEARCH

‣ Applied Research
‣ seeks new application of scientific knowledge
of developing a new system or procedure, or a
new method in order to solve a problem;
‣ produces knowledge of practical use to man;
concerned with showing how the findings can
be applied;
‣ designed to solve a particular problem in a
particular circumstance;
 KINDS OF RESEARCH

‣ Developmental Research
‣ application of scientific methods in response
to an immediate need to improve existing
practices;
‣ purpose is to assess changes over a period of
time may be evaluative research (formative or
summative);
‣ undertaken using several methods such as
longitudinal, cross sectional, and cross
sequential.
 RESEARCH AS A PROCESS
• Research can be seen as a series of linked
activities moving from a beginning to an end.
• Identification of a problem
• Formulation of research questions or
objectives.
• Determining how best to answer the
questions
• Deciding what information to collect, how it
will be collected, and how it will be analyzed
in order to answer the research questions.
RESEARCH AS A PROCESS (Linear)
Review Define problem Review
Literature Literature

Specify research questions or hypotheses

sampling, data
Design research collection, data
analysis

Collect data

Analyze data to answer questions or test

Hypotheses

Write report.
Research Process
Develop research questions/Hypothesis

Plan research design

Measurement Sampling

Data collection

Data processing

Analysis and Interpretation

 TWO PARTS OF THE RESEARCH PROCESS

Statement of the Problem “Q”

SP1
PRE-EMPIRICAL SP2
PHASE SP3 Breaking down the “Q”

F1 Building Up the “A”

EMPIRICAL
PHASE F2
F3
Statement of Conclusion “A”

Sampa,E.M. (2015). Rudiments of Research.

PRE-EMPIRICAL PHASE

Area of Literature & Statement of

Research Other Sources the Problem &
Research
Conversations Context Questions

Background Methodology
(Design,
Theoretical Participants,
Locale,
Conceptual Instrument)
 EMPIRICAL PHASE
EVIDENCE,
ANSWERS TO
INFORMATION,
RESEARCH
DATA COLLECTION
QUESTIONS

DATA
RECOMMENDATIONS &
ANALYSIS
ALTERNATIVE COURSE
OF ACTION/ PRODUCTS
OR SERVICES
CONCEPTUALIZING
RESEARCH

Module 1:
Conceptualizing Research for TVET
Concetualizing research begins with..

FINDING YOUR TREE

IN THE FOREST
Conceptualizing research begins with..

Identifying Dividing
a broad area of broad areas into
interest sub-areas
Focusing on
and selecting an area
of interest

Identifying
the gaps and raising Formulating
research questions broad objectives
Conceptualizing research in TVET

INSTITUTION

CLASSROOM
TECHNICAL-
VOCATIONAL SECTOR
EDUCATION &
TRAINING SOCIETY

COUNTRY
 FORMULATING THE
RESEARCH PROBLEM

Module 1:
Conceptualizing Research for TVET
Formulating the Research problems

A research problem is defined by

intellectual curiousity.
Crucial Features of Research Problems

• Stated clearly and concisely;

• Significant (not trivial or a repeat
of previous work)
• Possible to obtain the information
required to explore the problem;
• Possible to draw conclusions
related to the problem
 A research problem…..

• Can be based on -
• A Question
• An unresolved controversy
• A gap in knowledge
• An unrequited need within
the chosen subject
 WORKSHOP 1
1. DRAW OUT IDEAS / AREAS OF
INTEREST FOR RESEARCH ON
TVET THEMES;
2. SELECT SPECIFIC AREA OF
INTEREST FOR RESEARCH;
3. SHARE / PRESENT TO OTHERS

Module 1:
Conceptualizing Research for TVET
 WORKSHOP 2
1. FORMULATE AND WRITE THE
STATEMENT OF THE
PROBLEM ON YOUR
CHOSEN AREA OF INTEREST;
2. FORMULATE AT LEAST 2-3
RESEARCH QUESTIONS;
Module 1:
Conceptualizing Research for TVET
 Career Choices

GROUP 1
Alignment of career of students
of Dipolog City Institute of
Technology from Senior High
School -TVL track to College

Module 1:
Conceptualizing Research for TVET
 Tech-Voc Qualifications Preference

GROUP 2
Preferred technical-
vocational qualifications of
students in Salug
Municipality province of
Zambo Norte

Module 1:
Conceptualizing Research for TVET
 WORKSHOP 2

GROUP 3
Employability Skills of
Fashion and Design
Graduates of ZCSPC

Module 1:
Conceptualizing Research for TVET
 WORKSHOP 2

GROUP 4
Oral Language Competence
of TVET Tourism Sector
Trainers of Region 12

Module 1:
Conceptualizing Research for TVET
WORKSHOP 2

GROUP 5
Turn-Over of
Trainers among
TVET in Region 10

Module 1:
Conceptualizing Research for TVET
 WORKSHOP 2

GROUP 6
Instructional Delivery
Competencies of Tech-

Voc Trainers

Module 1:
Conceptualizing Research for TVET
 WORKSHOP 2
GROUP 7
Perceptions of Industry
towards Assessed and
Certified Senior High
School - TVL Graduates

Module 1:
Conceptualizing Research for TVET
 WORKSHOP 2

GROUP 8
Tracer Study of Massage
Therapy Graduates of
Davao Doctors College

Module 1:
Conceptualizing Research for TVET
 WORKSHOP 2

GROUP 9
Tracer Study -
TESDA Completers,
Certified, Assessed, and
Employed (Institutional)

Module 1:
Conceptualizing Research for TVET
 WORKSHOP 2

GROUP 10
Industry Condition of
Zamboanga City
Towards TVET
Graduates

Module 1:
Conceptualizing Research for TVET