U N D E R S TA N D I N

G RESEARCH
Understanding research
• Understand the CHARACTERISTICS of the concept of research.
• Appreciate the diversity of categories into which we can divide
research.
 factual-based
empirical follows a
(based on observation) process

scientific
Solve problems or
improve existing
solutions
WHAT IS RESEARCH?
Research is a scientific investigation being conducted to solve
existing problems.
How our world be if there is no research?

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VALUE OF RESEARCH
1) Research improves quality of life
2) Research improves instruction
3) Research improves students’ achievement
4) Research improves teachers’ competence
5) Research satisfies man’s needs
6) Research reduces the burden of work
VALUE OF RESEARCH
7) Research has deep-seated psychological aspects
8) Research improves the exportation of food products
9) Research responds to the economic recovery and austerity
measures of the country
10)Research trains graduates to become responsive to the
economic development of the country and compete globally
CHARACTERISTICS
1) EMPIRICAL – research is based on direct experience or
observation by the researcher.
2) LOGICAL – research is based on valid procedures and
principles.
3) CYCLICAL – research starts with a problem and ends with
a problem.
CHARACTERISTICS
4) ANALYTICAL – research utilizes proven analytical
procedures in gathering data, whether historical,
descriptive, experimental, and case study.
5) CRITICAL – research exhibits careful and precise
judgement.
CHARACTERISTICS
6) METHODICAL – research is conducted in a methodical
manner without bias using systematic method and
procedures.
7) REPLICABILITY – research design and procedures are
repeated to enable the researcher to arrive at valid and
conclusive results.
 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE
RESEARCHER
1. Intellectual Curiosity – undertakes deep thinking and
inquiry of things, problems, and situations around him.
2. Prudence – researcher is careful to conduct his study at the
right time and at a right place wisely, efficiently, and
economically.
3. Healthy Criticism – the researcher is always doubtful as to
the truthfulness of the results.
 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE
RESEARCHER
4. Intellectual Honesty – researcher is honest to collect or
gather the data or facts in order to arrive at honest results.
5. Intellectual Creativity – a resourceful investigator always
creates new researches. He enjoys inventing unique, novel,
and original researches, and considers research as his
hobby.
2 MAJOR TRADITIONS OF RESEARCH

Qualitative Research Quantitative Research

• Provide rich narrative • To describe phenomena
descriptions of numerically to answer
phenomena that enhance specific questions or
understanding hypothesis
2 MAJOR TRADITIONS OF RESEARCH
QUALITATIVE ASPECTS QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH RESEARCH
Understand the human
mind Objective Prove/Disprove a hypothesis

Words Data Description Numbers

Limited sample Sample Large sample

Interviews/Immersions Data Gathering Survey Questions/checklist

Statistical tools, instruments,
Thematic analysis Data Analysis and treatments
New insights gain Outcomes Conclusions