PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1

Roldan C. Bangalan
Nature of Inquiry and Research
Activity 1

 Just close your eyes for a minute and utter

the word research to yourself.
 What comes first to your mind when you

encounter the word research?

RESEARCH
 The word research can be split into two words:
 Re which means “again”
 Search which means “to look for something”.
 Thus, research means “to look for something, again”.
RESEARCH
 Research means a systematic investigation or
activity to gain new knowledge of the already
existing facts.
 It is responsible for bringing to light new
knowledge.

Pandey, Prabhat and Meenu Mishra Pandey. (2015)

Research methodology: tools and techniques . Bridge Center, Romania
Definition of Research
 John W. Best has rightly said, “The secret of our
cultural development has been research, pushing
back the areas of ignorance by discovering new
truths, which, in turn, lead to better ways of doing
things and better products.”
 Research is an essential and powerful tool in
leading man towards progress.
Definition of Research
 “Research is an endeavor / attempt to discover,
develop and verify knowledge. It is an intellectual
process that has developed over hundreds of years
ever changing in purpose and form and always
researching to truth.”
 J. Francis Rummel
Definition of Research
 “Research is an honest, exhaustive, intelligent
searching for facts and their meanings or
implications with reference to a given problem. The
product or findings of a given piece of research
should be an authentic, verifiable contribution to
knowledge in the field studied.”
 P.M. Cook
Definition of Research
 “Research may be defined as a method of studying
problems whose solutions are to be derived partly
or wholly from facts.”
 W.S. Monroes
Definition of Research
 “Research is considered to be the more formal,
systematic intensive process of carrying on the
scientific method of analysis. It involves a more
systematic structure of investigation, usually resulting
in some sort of formal record of procedures and a
report of results or conclusion.”
 John W. Best
Definition of Research
 “Research comprises defining and redefining
problems ,formulating hypothesis or suggested
solutions, collecting ,organizing and evaluating
data, making deductions and reaching conclusions
and at last careful testing the conclusions to
determine whether they fit the formulated
hypothesis.”
 Clifford Woody
Definition of Research
 Research is the systematic application of the
scientific inquiry in order to find solutions to
problems and contribute to knowledge.
Definition of Research
 Research is an organized way of finding new ideas
from existing knowledge with the help of useful
tools that will lead us to discover new and useful
concepts in order to improve the quality of life.
Activity 2

 Sharing research experiences and

knowledge
Why is there a need to
conduct research?
Aims of Research:
 verification of existing knowledge
 acquisition of new knowledge
 application of new knowledge
 advancement of the researcher’s expertise
 improvement of the quality of life
Purpose of Research:
 The purpose of research is to discover answers to
questions through the application of scientific
procedure. The main aim of research is to find out
the truth which is hidden, and which has not been
discovered yet.
Purpose of Research:
 To gain familiarity with a phenomenon or to achieve
new insights into it (exploratory or formative
research studies).
Purpose of Research:
 To portray accurately the characteristics of a
particular individual, situation or a group
(descriptive research studies).
Purpose of Research:
 To test a hypothesis of a causal relationship
between variables (hypothesis-testing research
studies).
 What personal
benefits can you get
from research?
Benefits from Conducting Research
 It helps you become
 Good decision maker
 Good problem solver
 Good critical thinker and problem solver
 Good contributor of knowledge
Characteristics of Research

REALISTIC
 the results of an investigation should be based on
actual data which was gathered by the researcher
himself.
Characteristics of Research

LOGICAL
 follows valid procedures & principles
 applies proper & logical approach to find out
answers to a particular research question
Characteristics of Research

CYCLICAL
 starts with a problem and ends with another
problem
Characteristics of Research

ANALYTICAL
 acceptable procedures in data gathering have
been employed correctly & proper analysis of the
data should be done before making final
conclusions
Characteristics of Research

OBJECTIVE
 must be free from bias or prejudice
 conclusion should be drawn based on the accuracy
of the empirical data that supports the study
Characteristics of Research

CRITICAL
 researcher should exhibit careful & precise
judgment
 must establish a high level of confidence with
regards to the data gathered; (statistics) must
establish a certain confidence level to be precise in
interpretations whether the results are significant or
not
Characteristics of Research

REPLICABLE
 others can perform the same study having the same
results
 to verify the validity & consistency of the results of
the research if performed in the same conditions as
the original research
Characteristics of Research
 Realistic
 Logical
 Cyclical
 Analytical
 Objective
 Critical
 Replicable
Activity
 With a partner, use the acronym R.E.S.E.A.R.C.H.E.R.
to describe the characteristics you should possess as
successful researchers.
 Explain each characteristic in one sentence.
Characteristics of a successful researcher

Research-oriented
 curious & wants to find out the intricacies of things
 always want to investigate in order to find answer
to his queries
 fond of reading research journals to find out the
different trend in research
 finds joy in discovering & learning new things
Characteristics of a successful researcher

Efficient
 properly uses time, effort, & cost for an intended
purpose
 makes sure that he budgets his time, effort, &
resources wisely to accomplish his task in proper
time
 does things right
Characteristics of a successful researcher

Scientific
 does not readily accept conclusions
 follows the scientific method in finding out answers
to his queries
Characteristics of a successful researcher

Effective
 means doing the right things
 errors cannot be avoided but can be foreseen and
therefore can be minimized by developing a proper
protocol
Characteristics of a successful researcher

Active
 always responds to the challenges of the modern
world
 makes it sure he is involved in all research
endeavor he & his team is up to
 consistently participates in all research activities
relevant to his expertise
Characteristics of a successful researcher

Resourceful
 makes use of the available materials to compensate
for the things he needs if the resources are limited
 does his own improvisation to make sure that he is
not hampered to do his tasks at the same time not
sacrificing the validity of the research with lack of
materials
Characteristics of a successful researcher

Creative
 always have a novel ideas in his minds
 thinks of unique ways in order to solve a problem
 finds new ways to address a difficult situation &
eventually makes it easier to solve it than the
traditional method
Characteristics of a successful researcher

Honest
 reports in his write-up whatever the results of his
investigations may be
 reports his findings even if the situation is for or
against his expectations
Characteristics of a successful researcher

Economical
 makes sure that the limited resources are not wasted
Characteristics of a successful researcher

Religious
 faithful to do the tasks he is expected to do
 does the research earnestly & does not give up
even if nonfavorable situations arise
Characteristics of a successful researcher

 Research-oriented
 Efficient
 Scientific
 Effective
 Active
 Resourceful
 Creative
 Honest
 Economical
 Religious
How is research
conducted?
 Research Process
1. Identifying
Research Problem

2. Formulating
6. Reporting Results Hypothesis and
Designing your study

5. Interpreting Data 3. Data Collection

4. Analysis of Data and

Testing of Hypothesis
 Research Process

1. Identifying Research Problem

 the PROBLEM
 may be in the form of question
 the heart of a good qualitative research

 serves as guide throughout the process

 the focus of all research activities

 review literature to gather as many background

information
 Research Process

2. Formulating Hypothesis and

Designing your Study

 formulate tentative answers to research problem

 guide in answering the research problems
 construct a good design on how to collect data
 Guide questions:
 From whom will your data come from?
 Where are you going to collect your data?

 When or until when do you plan to gather your data?

 How are you going to facilitate the whole research

activity?
 Research Process

2. Formulating Hypothesis and

Designing your Study

 careful planning & designing of research

 to find out if the formulated hypothesis is correct or not
 the data gathering procedures should be appropriate
to test whether the hypotheses are true or not
 Research Process

3. Data Collection
 Data collection is the process of gathering
information by means of a defined method, in order
to support the hypothesis
 Data
 anything that is used to represent facts and values
 anything that may represent a characteristic of
something that is being measured
 Research Process

4. Analysis of Data and

Testing of Hypothesis
 Data analysis is the process of examining data for
its conformity to the presented hypotheses
 if the data gathered suggests truthfulness of the
hypothesis, the hypothesis is accepted
 if otherwise, the hypothesis is rejected
 Research Process

5. Interpreting Data
 drawing of conclusion based on the results &
analysis of data
 may lead to evaluation of a particular theory or
testing the hypothesis based on the accounts of your
subjects
 Research Process

6. Reporting Results
 essential for the public to know the results of the
study
 results become beneficial to those stakeholders who
might be using the findings of the study in the near
future
 there might be another question or problem that
may arise (cyclical)
Research Process
 1. Identifying research problem
 2. Formulating hypothesis & Designing your study
 3. Data collection
 4. Analysis of data & Testing hypothesis
 5. Interpreting data
 6. Reporting Results