ROSEMARIE RIZZO PARSE :

THE HUMANBECOMING
PARADIGM

“The assumptions and principles of

humanbecoming incarnate a deep
concern for the delicate sentiments
of being human and show a
profound recognition of human
freedom and dignity.”
 THEORIST INFORMATION
Born in 1938 in Pennsylvania
Known to be a noted nursing scholar and prolific author.
In 1981, she first published her theory of nursing, Man- Living-
Health, and has continually revised the work.
In 1992, Parse changed the name to "The Theory of
Humanbecoming".
Earned her master’s and doctoral degrees from Duquesne
University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Some years later, she became dean of the College of Nursing
at Duquesne, and she is currently Distinguished Professor
emeritus at Loyola University in Chicago, Illinois.
 THEORIST INFORMATION
Founder and editor of Nursing Science Quarterly.
President of Discovery International- Sponsors international
nursing theory conferences.
She is also the founder of the Institute of Humanbecoming,
where she teaches the ontologic, epistemologic, and
methodologic aspects of the Humanbecoming Paradigm.
She realized that although a student of Martha Rogers, her
work has developed into a wholly new paradigm, and she has
titled this, the Humanbecoming Paradigm (Parse, 2014).
PHILOSOPHICAL UNDERPINNINGS
Parse synthesized the Humanbecoming Paradigm from
principles and concepts from Rogers's work.
Martha Rogers, The Science of Unitary Human Beings
She also incorporated concepts and principles from
existential phenomenologic thought as expressed by
Heidegger, Sartre, and Merleau-Ponty (Parse, 2014).
The latest paradigm comes from her experience in nursing
and from a synthesis of theoretical principles of human
sciences.
 ASSUMPTIONS
The major assumptions of Parse's paradigm originated with Rogers's
Science of Unitary Human Beings and from existential
phenomenology.
Parse's thinking has brought her to a new ontology. Kuhn (1996)
warned the scientific community that when the facts no longer
support the current paradigm, the paradigm must change. For the
humanbecoming perspective, a new paradigm has ascended. The
language comes from the humanbecoming school of thought but has
developed beyond that to a newer realm
Nine Assumptions of the Humanbecoming Paradigm

Humanuniverse is indivisible, unpredictable, and ever-changing.

Humanuniverse is cocreating reality as a seamless symphony of becoming.
Humanuniverse is an illimitable mystery with contextually construed pattern
preferences.

Ethos of humanbecoming is dignity.

Ethos of humanbecoming is august presence, a noble bearing of immanent
distinctness.
Ethos of humanbecoming is embedded with the abiding truths of presence,
existence, trust, and worth.

Living quality is the becoming visible-invisible becoming of the emerging now.

Living quality is the ever-changing whatness of becoming.
Living quality is the personal expression of uniqueness.
 Humauniverse as unitary-
indivisible- unpredictable and
ever changing.
Paradigm Person & environment are one.

Key Nurse's primary concern is

person's perspective of living

Points quality with human dignity.

No labels- Patients can be
"noncompliant".
CONCEPTS 2. Configuring Rhythmic Patterns
Revealing- concealing: disclosing-not
disclosing
1. Structuring Meaning Enabling- limiting: potentiating-
Imaging: explicit-tacit; restricting
reflective- Connecting- separating: attending-
prereflective distracting

Valuing: confirming- 3. Cotrascending with the Possible

Powering: pushing-resisting; affirming-
not confirming
not affirming; being-nonbeing
Languaging: speaking-
Originating: certainty-uncertainty;
being silent; moving- conforming-not conforming
being still Transforming: familiar-not familiar
(Parse, 2013)
CONCEPTS
Focuses on illuminating meaning, and the
nurse acts as a guide to choose
possibilities in the changing health
experiences (Parse, 2013).
Understanding that the human-universe
Nurse's
process involves the nurse's true presence
with the person and the family.
Do not focus on changing an individual's Role
behavior to fit a defined nursing process
and do not attempt to label them with
possibly erroneous nursing diagnoses.
 USEFULNESS
1. McLeod-Sordjan (2013) used Parse's theory to illustrate the concept of
"death acceptance." In this work, she described how to promote
communication with low-English proficiency patients near the end of life.
2. Doucet (2015) described how the humanbecoming model could be applied
to caring for a family who had a member with severe dementia
3. Hart (2015) used a case study approach to demonstrate how the
humanbecoming theory may be used to evaluate long-term care.
4. Wilson (2016) applied Parse's humanbecoming theory in developing a
comprehensive plan of care for a family experiencing the loss of a
pregnancy or an infant.
5. Educational Settings- tool to enhance communication patient and nursing
students.
 TESTABILITY
Many concepts that arise from it are being studied as the researchers
develop perspectives on the human science of nursing.
Parse Research Method
a. The method involves dwelling with the information from the
participant's perspective (dialogical engagement) and deriving
themes from that data (extraction-synthesis) and then
synthesizing the meanings into a relevant whole through
heuristic interpretation (Parse, 1987).
b. Inductive research method values the lived experiences of
humans as they go about their daily lives, cocreating their health
in human universe concert.
 TESTABILITY
Research within Parse's method describes the lives, lived
experiences, and ways of being of humans differently from
research in the more reductionistic models.
Baumann (2016) used this method to study how older adults
experience suffering
Doucet (2013) used the method to discover the lived
experience of "feeling at home" in community-dwelling
adults.
 PARSIMONY
The Parse’s model is a parsimonious and artistic
approach to understand humanbecoming. It
consists of nine assumptions, four postulates,
three principles, and numerous concepts.
Although it is complex, it offers a new
perspective on nursing in the real world, making
it an ideal tool for students seeking guidance.
 The principal value of the Humanbecoming
Paradigm is the worldview that sees humans as
VALUE IN intentional beings, freely choosing to live within
paradoxical ways of being.

EXTENDING It is a unique way to view health and gives insight

into how individuals create their own destiny.
Practice and research in the Humanbecoming
NURSING Paradigm are quite different from those espoused
in the other nursing perspectives. By living true

SCIENCE presence with their clients, nurses guide and

cocreate ways of being that enable choosing
health.
THANK
YOU!
 GROUP 2
Winston Earl Micheal Canillo Eunice Angel Millamina

Angel Aban Kathlyn Nitura

Sophia Nicole Bongiad Francine Kaye Pacardo

Alyssa Jane Camposano Sarah Romero

Iris Zyra Dolor Joshua Uvero

Maria Carmen Madarang