7/30/2020

How can Computer and Information Technology be

effective in expediting the growth of Global Economy?

Group-Insurgents

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How can Computer & Information Technology be effective in expediting the
growth of Global Economy?

Prepared For:
Md. Tanvir Alam Himel
Lecturer

Department of Marketing
University of Dhaka
Prepared By:
Group-Insurgents

SL. No Name Roll

01 Md. Abidur Rahman 26-172

02 Abdullah Ibne Shahed 26-024

03 Md. Monir Hosen 26-148

04 Md. Romjan Ali 26-127

05 MD. Hasibul Islam 26-121

06 Mostak Ahamoud 26-178

07 Abul Hossen 26-1001

Section: A
Department of Marketing
Faculty of Business Studies, University of Dhaka
Date of Submission: July30,2020

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29th July 2020
Md. Tanvir Alam Himel
Lecturer
Department of Marketing
Faculty of Business Studies, University of Dhaka
Subject: Submission of report on the task of “How can Computer & Information Technology be
effective in expediting the growth of Global Economy?”

Sir,

With due respect, we want to say that it is our pleasure to get the chance to prepare and submit this
report to you. As assigned, we try to find out how can Computer and Information Technology be
effective in expediting the growth of Global Economy? As we were working on this report, we got
the opportunity to learn a lot about the impact of Computer & Information Technology in
expediting the growth of Global Economy.

Thank you for assigning us to work on such term paper. We express our gratitude for your valuable
guidance and instructions to complete this term paper, also for helping to acquire great knowledge
over how can computer & information technology be effective in expediting the growth of global
economy?

Sincerely,

Md. Abidur Rahman

On behalf of Group-Insurgents
Section: A
Department of Marketing

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Contents

Executive Summary - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - 4

Introduction - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4

Computer Technologies in developed countries - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5

Computer Technologies in developing countries - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 9

How Computer and Information Technologies can be

utilized in different sectors of Bangladesh - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -14

Conclusion - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 17

Reference list - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 19

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Executive Summary

We live in a computerized world. We cannot think any of using things made without computer
technology. Computer technology makes our lives easier and more comfortable. We can contact
with one another from any place and any time in the world by information technology. The trust
of the paper is therefore to examine and assess the role of computer in economic development. It
can hardly be denied that computers have considerably changed the lives of human beings. These
days, majority of us cannot imagine our lives without them. A number of organizations have
recognized the importance of computer technology to the extent that they use computer in whatever
they do.

Computer and Information Technology has turned the world into a global village with boundless
connectively, interactive organizations, information sharing and infinite accesses across the globe.
It is a cross-cutting issue as well as an indispensable instrument for social and economic
development. For decades ICT has been playing an important role in creating employment,
hovering work skills and production. The adoption of ICT can dramatically reduce corruption from
a society, thus can bring forward-looking governance in the country. The life and livelihood of a
large number of populations, especially those living in rural areas, cannot be developed without
utilizing the ICT scope for them. Although, developed countries are more accomplished in reaping
the most benefits of computer technologies whereas the scenario is not the same in developing
countries.

In this paper, we provide an analysis on economic impact of Information and Communication

Technology in developing and developed countries. We also provide a comparative analysis, raise
some future challenges and describe the steps taken forward for the ICT development in these
regions before providing a set of recommendations for these nations which also can be adopted by
developing countries like Bangladesh

Introduction
The enormous usage of information and communication technology has brought about a revolution
into the world of economy over the last few decades. Advancements in ICT infrastructure such as
fixed-line telephones, Internet, and broadband have mobilized the access of people, firms,

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governments to information, knowledge, and wisdom than before in terms of scale, scope or speed.
Information and communication technology (ICT) have elevated the efficiency of resource
allocation, enormously reduced production costs as well as promoted much greater demand and
investment in all economic sectors (Jorgenson and Stiroh 1999; Vu 2011; Lee et al. 2012; Grimes
et al. 2012; Pradhan et al. 2015).

In the era of globalization, ICT has a cross-cutting issue as well as an essential tool for economic
development. It can play a significant role in raising work skills and production. The adoption of
ICT can lead to corruption-free, citizen-centric and forward-looking governance in the country.
The life and livelihood of a large number of populations, especially people living in the rural areas,
can be developed by facilitating ICT equipment. As a whole it can ensure transparency,
accountability and answerability at all levels of society and state (Islam et al. 2012).

Regarding the growing importance of ICT and the way it is transforming the world, many
researchers have focused on studying the impact of ICT on economic growth at industry level, the
national level, and at the cross-country level. Several theoretical and empirical works have been
conducted to answer the following question: what is ICT’s impact on economic growth?

Many previous studies have conducted empirical works on ICT’s impact on both developed and
developing countries. These studies produced different results. There’s a great disparity of
economic growth ratio among the developed and developing countries. Developed countries are
reaping the most benefits of computer technologies whereas the scenario is different in developing
countries. The goal of this study is to discover the potential and existing obstacles most developing
countries encounter and explore the ways to overcome them in order to keep pace with developed
countries.

Computer technologies in developed countries

Computer technology is the design and construction of computers to better help people at work,
school, home, etc. An example of computer technology is the development of a software program
that allows people to accomplish work at home which has been automatically assigned from

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computers at their job location. Computer technology correlates with information technology and
is used for study of computers, networks, computer networks, etc. It encompasses a developing
list of different software programs and devices. It includes programming, networking, database
design and development to ensure that computers work properly.

The economic condition represents the development of a country. And for an improved economic
condition, a country needs contribution from several sectors like industrialization, education
system etc. Computer technology plays a very important role in developing these sectors. Works
can be done more efficiently and easily by using computer technology. It can be used for
accounting, production work of any organization. There are some of the sectors in which computer
technology has contributed to the development of a developed country are given below:

Computer technology in developed countries is used in various ways in the education sector.
Developed countries use computer technology to store and manage any records of students. They
use SIS (Student Information System). Through which students' attendance, improvement,
personal and health information are stored and managed. All financial transactions of the students
are done in a very easy and comfortable way by using computer technology. They also use various
educational websites which is very useful. It also offers various services including e-learning and
online learning (Anon.).

An important basis of a country's economy is its business. And developed countries use computer
technology as an important tool to run their businesses. They can communicate with customers
anywhere in the world through using this technology. Businesses in developed countries conduct
their business activities using computer technology. As a result, the work can be done in a very
easy and perfect way. Computer technology also helps businesses reduce a lot of costs. In addition,
computer technology has become essential in marketing, stock change and business networking.
Developed countries have made great strides in the field of medicine. Hospital management
software is used to perform various tasks in the hospital. Online appointments, payment records
and patient admission and exit information are recorded by using this software. In addition, a lot
of information about the patient can be stored such as about their diseases, symptoms and what
medications they have been told to take. Computer technology plays an important role in

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diagnosing diseases. Computer technology is used for test like CT Scan, MRI, X- ray, ECG and
other medical tests.

Computer technology can also be used for household chores. It is used to calculate household
income and expenses. Besides, people are doing their office work sitting at home. In addition, the
owner of an organization can controls his organization from home. People can get any information
about different life forms of the world while sitting at home. This increases their knowledge.
People communicate easily with each other even while sitting at home.

The banking sector is very important in a country's economy. And in this banking sector, the
developed countries have made a lot of progress with the touch of computer technology. Banks
make their work very easy and fast. They use computer technology to store and manage all
customers account information, including financial transactions. Communicating with customers
are very easy through computer technology. In addition, banks in developed countries run standard
websites, from which the customer benefits a lot more, including all the information about the
bank.

Developed countries maintained their development by introducing computer technology in

government offices. Government services are usually a long process. Developed countries use
computer technology to speed up the process. The people of the country easily take any
government services, information.

Students can gain a lot of knowledge by using computer technology. Students in developed
countries use computer technology for online classes, knowing any information about their studies.

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It is also used to create various assignments, term papers, slides. Many students can earn money
through outsourcing by using this technology.

Computer technology is one of the means to introduce customers to any business product or
service. This has improved a lot using it in developed countries. Developed countries do marketing
work using mass media and social media. This is very effective.

Japan is one of the largest and most developed countries in the world. It has a well-educated,
industrious workforce and its large, affluent population makes it one of the world’s biggest
consumer markets. Japan’s economy was the world’s second largest (behind the US) from 1968
until 2010, when it was overtaken by China. Its gross domestic product (GDP) in 2016 was
estimated to be USD 4.7 trillion, and its population of 126.5 (2018) million enjoys a high standard
of living, with per capita GDP of just below USD 40,000 in 2015. With its phenomenal economic
revival from the ashes of World War II, Japan was one of the first Asian countries to climb the
value chain from cheap textiles to advanced manufacturing and services – which now account for
the majority of Japan’s GDP and employment. Primary industries, including agriculture, account
for just 1 per cent of GDP (Asianlinkbussiness, 2020).

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The rapid advancement in information and communication technology (ICT) over last few
decades, has made such economic growth possible for Japan. Being one of the top industrialized
countries, Japan has been able to exploit the all-out paybacks from ICT till date. Japanese
companies, the main actors in encouraging ICT investment, have been benefited most from ICT.
With production of ‘IT New Reform Strategy’ and ‘U-Japan’, Japanese government has been able
to put the country to sit in the group of the front runners in IT these days.

According to Shimizu, as cited from Islam M., Japan has made sequential national ICT policies
since around 2000, with the aim of fostering an advanced ICT network society. The Information
Technology Basic Law was enacted in November of 2000. In 1999, Japanese Internet penetration
rate was just 13.4 percent, lagging behind that of Northern Europe and North American countries.
Also, in April 2001 the number of broadband subscribers in Japan was 737,000, behind the United
States and Korea. At the time, introducing ICT into corporate management in Japan meant simply
installing information technology devices and systems. The law was established because of a sense
of urgency on the part of the government about Japan’s slow start in the ICT revolution.

The speedy improvement of information communication technology (ICT) has highlighted the
economic growth of a developed country for past few years. This economic growth can be attained
through productivity gains and companies’ efforts in the wide application of ICT. Out of the total
GDP growth in Japan, ICT has contributed near about 40%.

Computer technologies in developing countries

Computer technology is developed by highly industrialized countries to meet their needs, needs
which differ substantially from those of developing countries. At the same time, worldwide
marketing of computer technology is dominated by multinational companies which have
accumulated many years' technological and marketing knowledge and often use such knowledge
purely for the service of their private aim of growth and profit; an aim which sometimes clashes
with the larger human, social and economic dimensions of development. In all too many instances,
such forces have led to acquisitions of computers in developing countries despite the
inappropriateness of such technology in many application areas. Industrialized countries have an

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average per capita GNP about ten times that of developing countries. If we compare the per capita
GNP of the United States with the per capita GNP of India, we find that the ratio is almost fifty to
one. Accordingly, the, structure of their economics, social needs and economic priorities are
different.

The salaries of clerical staff in the industrialized countries are frequently more than ten times the
salaries of corresponding staff in developing countries. In industrialized countries, computers were
often introduced with the intention to reduce costs by decreasing the number of employees, or with
the argument that a clerical staff would be large. Such rationale should never be used in justifying
computerization in developing countries unless clear proof exists that a computer is the best means
available for the intended application. To give an example from the 1960s, when computers were
introduced in most developing countries, the Life Insurance Corporation of India installed two
computers in their Bombay office and partly justified such action on grounds that a clerical
operation would be impossibly large. The employee’s association remained unconvinced about
this argument. In well-argued criticism, the employees asked why a computer was required to
handle just above one million policies, while life insurance companies in the United States were
able to service, up to 1954, eight million policies aided only by almost punched card machines.
They noted also, that in the United States the computer makes possible the issuing and serving of
a large number of options. This was, however, unnecessary in India where most policy holders
have only one simple policy running to maturity without change insurance offices in India Other
stance in Calcutta) confronted similar (for in agitation from their employees) when computers were
introduced.

The use of computer equipment involves a considerable financial expenditure with a high foreign
exchange component. Developing countries with foreign exchange in scarce supply should see to
it that more attention is given to analyzing the use of alternative solutions to computers. Of 163
computers Included an Indian survey done in 1971, more than 80 per cent of the systems did run
applications like inventory control. Pay-roll accounting financial accounting. invoicing and similar
kind of work. Only 6.5 per cent of the computers survey also shows one establishment which
before computerization in 1966 had 380 employees, while after computerization in 1970 had 304
employees. The volume of work had increased that period, and it was estimated that if the volume

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of work in 1970 had been done by the old non-computerized system, employment would have
been 516 persons. 1n spite of some advantages of computerization of accounting work, automation
is having the undesirable effect of reducing employment prospects for a particular class in the labor
force that in many developing countries is in abundant supply. computers may then. If they are
used unwisely, concededly reduce the capacity of the modern sector to absorb labor.

Another employment aspect is the alternative use of resources sent of computer equipment. A
report from Maharashtra" shows the average cost of the ten computers purchased by enterprises
up to 1989 to be US $375000. A survey of small-scale industry in west Bengal in 1966 revealed
an average investment per workplace of Rs. 633. Applying the exchange rate of Rs. 7.6 to the
dollar, we obtain the figure of 4,502 workplaces per purchased computer, if the equivalent funds
had been invested Small-scale industry. I admitted that this figure may be too speculative, but it
does focus on an important effect.

In one survey from East Africa, 70 per cent of the computer installations in the sample had included
statements of objectives in their initial and subsequent acquisition decisions. However, computer
was the best solution to the problem. Failure to demonstrate the appropriateness of Computers
accounts for many computer installations which are inapplicable or unnecessarily expensive for
the tasks concern. The survey showed that significant problems appeared to stem from the narrow
perspective and unfamiliarity with local conditions on the part of consultants, both private and aid-
financed. While 80 per cent of the sample in this investigation had received from independent
specialists to check and evaluate the information obtained from producers, this advice was helpful
towards formulating appropriately sequenced acquisition and implementation plans in just about
20 per cent of the cases. In 70 per cent of the cases where advice was given, advisers assumed
prior that computerization would be the appropriate solution, while subsequent events often
indicated either that a non-computer solution would have worked or that substantial redesigned
before the computer systems should have been installed.

Several studies from developing countries show that underutilization of existing computers is a
common. One recommendation appearing in nearly all studies dealing with the use of computer
technology in developing countries is that the government should establish central computer

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offices. The major tasks of these offices would be formulation of national polices and guiding
principles in the use of computer technology, control its use and render advice on all aspects that
relate to the use of this technology. However, centralization can at best of the planning and salary
problems, as well as proper selection and training of personnel, so-called “computer experts”,
whether they are local or foreign must also bear the blame for many resources wasted on computer
technology. They quite often behave like technocrats, offering recommendations which do not
give due consideration to the economic situation in country.

Why are computers introduced both public and private sectors without the prudence commonly
practiced in the introduction of other capital equipment? Both in developed and undeveloped
countries the government ministries often seek to obtain their own computers. To achieve these
the present computer applications of highly questionable value just to “prove” that they are entitled
to having their own computer systems. In private industry, the decision to install a computer is
frequently taken by a man, at times someone waiting to project the image of a research. by o project
the image of a researcher.

The most important trend today is in the improvement in the quality of minicomputers. Since their
introduction about ten years ago, they have proved very reliable, adaptable and technologically
advanced from a hardware point of view. Until recently, the problem has been a relatively deficient
software system (particularly for applications other than process control).
Today minicomputers are able to compete in numerous application areas with conventional
systems as large as the 1BM system/$70 model 138. The minicomputers include a broad range of
systems ranging in purchase price from below USS 10,000 to around US S 400,000. The term
"mini" thus does not refer to capacity, but rather to size and price. It is possible to buy a
minicomputer system at ten to fifty per cent of the price of comparable conventional computer
systems, and institutions that have changed from conventional systems to minicomputers have
reported astonishing reductions in operating costs. For instance, one previous user of a computer
in the independently ("virtual machine for each user) to develop and run programs in different
high-level languages and assembly language, a performance far beyond that of the IBM
system/300 model 25. Reconditioned, old technology systems are frequently installed and rented
out in developing countries at rental prices comparable to the rental price of new equipment from

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the same. supplier with many times the capacity of the reconditioned systems Earlier, new
generations of computer equipment was introduced every four or five years, and upgrading
commonly involved a complete renewal of a system. In the last generation of computers, upgrading
seems to be a more continuous evolution. For instance, new processors may be plug-in compatible
with the old ones. and compatibility is provided both between the processors and the operating
system. Also, manufacturers may offer a series of computers of different capacity within a
compatible range. Upgrading may then take the form simply of bigger and faster memories, and
so. Some computer companies prefer their customers to rent rather than to purchase the computer
systems. In some developing countries, about 90 per cent of the systems are tented. The major of
these systems are or will be paid back once (the amount paid in rental will equal the purchase and
maintenance costs) and some even twice and more, before they are substituted by new systems.
From and economic point of view, even one payback of the system is a waste of resources. If the
system in this Situation had been purchased, it could continue to function economically for some
years at a low cost also beyond the period of normal renting. Todays’ computer hardware together
with associated software, are likely to last longer than earlier models. However, the cost of
maintenance and rent are often linked to inflation indexes or have other provisions for upward
regulation. Computer companies have a yearly decrease in ratio of purchase price to the
performance of 10 to 15 per cent on the computer systems (computer plus peripheral equipment).
This means that after four years the customers can be offered the same performance at about half
the price. This also explains why it is possible to Purchase new, more powerful computer systems
for the price paid in yearly rent for old technology.

Developing countries should give priority to investigate the possibilities of using minicomputers
and thereby reap the potential benefits from the developments in this field. However, many
minicomputer companies are today relatively small and commonly lack the worldwide service
organizations offered by the big multinational companies for their conventional computer systems.
Service can therefore be a difficult problem in many developing countries, especially, small ones,
uncover the range of computer equipment up to big conventional systems, like IBA system 370
model 58. Today, close to hundred per cent of the computer requirements in developing countries
are well within the range of new minicomputer systems. While there are special needs and
circumstances also in developing countries requiring large scale conventional systems, for most

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purposes the minicomputers do offer options which should be investigated more thoroughly than
is done currently.

How Computer and Information Technologies can be utilized in different sectors of

Bangladesh

Health is one of the fundamental rights of human beings. The Government of Bangladesh has a
constitutional obligation to ensure public health to all its citizens. Using Computer and Information
Technology is a key strategy to meet the demand for health services in the 21st century.

The Government of Bangladesh has a wide range of specific programs to gradually improve the
e-Health infrastructure and its use in the country. Currently, health service through internet, health
service through mobile phone, telemedicine service, complaints suggestions through SMS,
pregnancy care advice through SMS, online population health registry, GIS in health service, bulk
SMS are available in government hospital in Bang E-Health comprises a set of different concepts,
including health, commerce and technology. It is generally understood to be the application of
computer, Internet, mobile phone and other technologies to improve the health sector. (Hoque,
Mazmum and Bao,2014)

The others implementation of computer and information technologies in Health sector are Tele-
health services, Video conference health services, Mobile health services, Internet health services,
Computer health services etc. (Khatun and Sima, 2015).

Education is the backbone of a nation. Computer and Information technology plays an important
role in Education sector. The government has done extensive work in the last 10 years in the field
of education. ICT in education makes the whole education system modern and significant.
‘Bangladesh is ranked the fifth in Asia to have used the internet most, with more than 80 million
having internet access as of December 2017, up from 0.1 million in 2000’ (Rasid,2019).

The practice of using projector in the classroom has already started. Building Internet based
classrooms also going on. E-learning is another popular modern educational platform. Moreover,
Google plays a significant role in education sector. Students get any information any time by using

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Google. Now a-days E-book, Google classroom, Google meet, zoom classroom and others
technologies help students to cope with the modern world. By using computer and information
technology students can easily read newspapers, magazines, articles etc. and can enrich their
knowledge.

During this Corona period computer and information technology plays a significant role in
education sector. Educational institutions take classes and examinations through using computer
and information technology.

Computer and Information technologies can play a vital role in the digital revolution of the
pharmaceutical industry. Though capturing this opportunity requires identifying the right
initiatives.

By using computer and information technology Pharmaceutical sector has gained revolutionary
changed like others sector. Technologies like Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, AR-VR,
Digital Apps, The Internet of Things, Blockchain, 3D printers, Organ-on-Chips are among the
innovations that are starting to transform the pharmaceutical industry in the ways they have already
transformed the other industries like media, retail, banking, telco, education, etc. Pharma
executives as well as researchers, innovators, and lawmakers are well aware of the disruptive
potential and are experimenting with a wide range of digital initiatives. Artificial intelligence and
machine learning are undoubtedly the next big thing for the pharmaceutical industry
(Hossin,2019).

The Garments industry plays a vital role in the socio-economic development of Bangladesh. Today
computer and information technology has become an integral part of Garments industry. From
employee attendance to shipment dispatching is dependent on information technology.

‘Currently, the domestic garment CAD, CAM, ERP, PDM and other aspects of the development
and application has made great achievements’(Tian,2010). The Garments industries of Bangladesh
have employed advanced technologies in terms of CAD/ CAM, automatic cutting machine and
laser technology for denim washing. The massive investment behind these technological

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advancements may need to be increased in near future to meet the global buyers’ demand of the
smart-wear and tech-driven products (Eusha,2019).

Over the decades, computers technology and fashion have developed gradually, changed with
time, taste and trend. Mobile and e-commerce technologies brought about the first wave of
transformations for the fashion industry. Now, we can look ahead to the next possibilities for retail,
more specifically virtual reality technology. These days, on their mobiles, customers can easily
browse through the various items and with one click purchase.

The ability to create unique designs and styles is yet another impact of modern technology. Back
in the days, designers used to end up creating similar designs without even knowing. The creation
of different designing apps has now made it rare for designs to resemble each other. Digital printing
technology has made a long-lasting impression on many industries, and fashion is probably one of
the biggest beneficiaries of this innovation. The introduction of the IoT or Internet of Things is
one of the biggest technology-enabled opportunities reaching the retail industry. Extensive use
of artificial intelligence is yet another recent technological innovation in fashion. Today’s fashion
world utilizes a huge amount of data. The industry has already started using artificial intelligence
for organization, collection, and analysis of any data that plays an important role in the business.
In the near future, AI looks all set to make fashion shopping a lot more fun affair compared to
what it is today (Tuman,2020).

The social development scene in Bangladesh is characterized by a strong presence of non-

governmental organizations (NGOs). From relief and rehabilitation, microcredit loan programs,
and education to strategies of water-treatment, NGOs have found a niche for themselves in the gap
between society and state, seeking to promote the people’s welfare through grassroots initiatives
and development programs. Through computer and information technology helpless people easily
share their sorrows and suffering. On the same way, Non-government organization (NGOs) that is
usually formed to serve people can easily know about those people who are suffering from many
types of problem. By using communication technology NGOs can achieve the attention of those
people who are interested to serve helpless people. Thus, computer and information technology
plays an important role in NGOs sector of Bangladesh.

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It is a challenging task for Bangladesh to meet its increasing demand of energy while its economy
is rapidly growing.

‘Bangladesh’s civil nuclear dream began over half a century ago. Rooppur, on the banks of the
Padma River 160km northwest of Dhaka, was the site first being identified in 1963.Post
independence, Bangladesh retained an interest in nuclear power and it has had a safeguards
agreement in force with the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) since 1982. However,
decades went by with proposals made for small and medium reactors to be built on its soil, but
nothing took off.’(Jha,2018)

Due to modern technology the development of nuclear sector of Bangladesh is increasing rapidly.
Now-a-days many sophisticated technologies are used in nuclear sector whose great example is
the construction of Rooppur nuclear project.

Conclusion
This paper concentrated on exploring the effect of ICT’s uses index on economic growth. While
this study involved the ample usage of computer and information technology in developed and
developing countries. The results show that ICT use has a significant effect on the economic
growth of these countries. Progress in many of the basic computing and information technologies
has been rapid in recent years, and the committee does not expect the pace of change to slow down
in the foreseeable future. While some technologies are reaching maturity now, many important
technologies have enormous future potential. As more of the world’s information is digitized and
more people and things are networked, the economics of the digital, networked economy will
become even more important. This includes the ability to make copies of goods and services at
almost zero cost and deliver them anywhere on the planet almost instantaneously. Furthermore,
digitization of products, services, processes, and interactions makes it possible to measure and
manage work with far more precision. Data-driven decision making and machine learning provide
vast opportunities for improving productivity, efficiency, accuracy, and innovation.

Developing countries need to adopt ICT’s and associated business processes and management
skills in order to remain competitive in the constantly changing and increasingly competitive

17
global market. The positive effect of ICT in a developing country depends on a national enabling
ICT environment that relies on multiple factors such as accessibility, infrastructure, global and
national governance issues, and human capacity. One of the most important steps to get the
maximum benefit from ICT a country needs to make sure the accessibility of the ICT to all levels
of the society. Once a country assures that ICT has reached everywhere in the society, then only
the country can expect to get the all-out benefit. Doing so, the infrastructural growth of the ICT
should also be taken into account. Skilled man power is one the most vital issues to get the benefit
of ICT. To support the accessibility, infrastructure, and human capacity, a country also needs legal
framework for the national ICT policy.
The role and contribution of public authorities in providing infrastructure and human capacity and
encouraging the use of ICT should be considered in the policy. The policy should also consider
necessary steps to provide easy and low-cost access to ICT solutions to the rural areas as well as
the urban.
Investing more money in the telecommunication industry will definitely uplift these two nations
into new culture of civilization in the world and such measures can contribute to another culture
of excellent.

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